2018高考英语短文语法填空选练题(含答案)

2018高考英语短文语法填空选练题（共12页含答案）

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(选自2017·日照检测)

TOEFL, short for Test of English as a Foreign Language, is a standardized test of English. The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey __1__ (study) in an English－speaking country.

The TOEFL test __2__ (measure) your ability to use and understand at the university level. And it evaluates __3__ well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing __4__ (skill) to perform academic tasks.

More than 30 million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show __5__ English－language competence. The TOEFL test has __6__ (many) test dates and locations than any other English-language test in the world. You can retake the test many times as you wish, __7__ you cannot take it more than once in a 12－day period.

The TOEFL test is the most __8__ (wide) respected English-language test in the world, __9__ (organize) by more than 9 000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries, __10__ (include) Australia, Canada, the U. K. and the United States. Wherever you want to study, the TOEFL test can help you get there. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了托福考试的一些相关内容，包括考查项目、参加次数以及托福考试的影响和作用等。

1．to study考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填to study。

2．measures考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文用的是一般现在时，“The TOEFL test”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。故填measures。3．how考查副词。句意为：它评价你把你的听、说、读、写能力结合起来的程度。how well指程度如何。故填how。

4．skills考查名词复数。听、说、读、写是四种能力，所以要用名词skill的复数形式skills。

5．their考查物主代词。句意为：超过3 000万来自世界各地的人参加托福考试来展示他们的英语语言能力。空格处修饰名词“English-language competence”，指前面提到的“30 million people”的能力，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。

6．more考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的“than”可知，此处应用many的比较

级形式。故填more。

7．but考查连词。前一句说只要你愿意，你可以多次重复参加托福考试，后一

句说你不能在12天的时间内连续报考。前后两句话在意思上是转折关系。故填but。

8．widely考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“respected”，故填所给词的副

词形式widely。

9．organized考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“The TOEFL test”和动词organize构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故填organized。

10．including考查词性转换。此处指包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国。应

用所给词的介词形式including，意为“包含，包括”。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·郑州市第一次质量预测)

Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water. Originating in China, tea has long established __1__ (it) as the national drink of this country.

A century before the birth of Christ, tea __2__ (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live __3__ (long). Today, it is still being regarded as such. Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be effective for __4__ (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many other deadly diseases. There is only one point __5__ people need to be aware of when they drink tea — is should not be drunk along with meals.

Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, __6__ (be) carefully prepared according to local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The strong tea from China's Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉), rose or other __7__ (flower), usually served after dinner, is special to China's Changjiang River regions.

Many English people, travelling away from home, feel __8__ a loss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a time-honoured tradition.

It's a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.

In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea. The ceremony, usually __9__ (hold) in a teahouse, dates back to the 16th century. Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea. Though still practised today, the ceremony may not be as popular __10__ it used to be.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。【段意梳理】

第一段：简单介绍了茶的地位。

第二段：介绍了茶的作用和饮用时的注意事项。

第三段：中国人饮茶的种类和方法。

第四段：英国人的饮茶习惯和文化。

第五段：日本人的饮茶文化和现状。

1．itself考查代词。此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系，故用反身代词。2．was described考查动词时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情发生在过去，且tea和describe构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

3．longer考查比较级。此处表示“让人活得更长”，故用longer。4．preventing考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词preventing。

5．that考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词one point。

6．is考查主谓一致。句子主语为Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。

7．flowers考查名词复数。flower是可数名词，由前面的other可知，此处表示复数概念。

8．at考查介词。固定搭配at a loss意为“困惑，不知所措”，故用介词at。9．held考查非谓语动词。hold和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。句子主语The ceremony与hold构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。10．as考查连词。由“as＋形容词＋as”的结构可知，此处应用连词as引导比较状语从句。

语法填空

(2016·石家庄市调研检测)We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be __1__ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?

In US high school, everything __2__ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing __3__ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to __4__ we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their __5__ (academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. __6__，they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.

Like university students, the US high school students have the __7__ (free) to choose the courses that most interest __8__ (they). Even a 9th-grader can sit __9__ the same classroom as

12th-graders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years __10__ (young)．

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。

1．surprising此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。

2．is recorded everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应。

3．to turn fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。

4．what空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。

5．academic修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。

6．Otherwise根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。

7．freedom由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。

8．them此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故填them。

9．in in the classroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故填in。

10．younger根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)

或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·定州一中检测)

Jiuzhaigou Valley, China

Located in Sichuan province, the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, or Jiuzhaigou Valley, should be on your travel radar for its picturesque beauty of lush forests, __1__ (impress) waterfalls and glistening lakes. As China endeavors toward __2__ (cut) its carbon emissions by 2020, however, Jiuzhaigou is also a pioneer for biodiversity conservation and environmental __3__ (aware) in China by advocating eco-tourism. Listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992 and a World Biosphere Reserve in 1997, the area is home to many __4__ (endanger) plant and animal species, including the beloved Giant Panda. To explore the mountainous

__5__ (surrounding) and away from the crowds, Zharu Valley, __6__ particular, is the designated eco-tourism zone within the national park. Visitors are restricted in number with access only via guided hiking to the undisturbed surroundings and furthermore, into __7__ of the nine Tibetan villages __8__ occupy the region. With China's carbon reduction efforts in full effect and Jiuzhaigou first in line to support a greener future, the area can __9__ (confident) look forward to welcoming many more generations of visitors __10__ (come)．

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国著名风景区——四川的九寨沟。

1．impressive/impressing考查词性转换。修饰名词的词为形容词，故用形容词impressive/impressing修饰名词“waterfalls”，符合语境，指令人印象深刻的瀑布。2．cutting考查动名词用法。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词cutting作介词toward的宾语。

3．awareness考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故environmental修饰名词awareness，符合语境。

4．endangered考查非谓语动词。endanger和句子谓语“is”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语“plant”构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，指濒危植物和动物物种。

5．surroundings考查名词用法。surrounding用复数形式作名词，表示环境，被形容词mountainous修饰，符合语境。

6．in考查固定搭配。固定搭配in particular相当于particularly，意为“尤其”，符

合语境。故用介词in。

7．one考查代词用法。与语境“nine”呼应可知，此处表示其中之一的概念，表示泛指，与介词of呼应。

8．that/which考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词villages，符合语境。

9．confidently考查词性转换。副词修饰动词、副词或形容词，甚至用来修饰整个句子，作状语。此处用副词confidently修饰动词短语“look forward to”，符合语境。

10．to come考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表示将来的概念，作后臵定语，和句子谓语“look forward to”之间没有连词。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·贵州普通考试)

When a woman took the seat beside me on a plane, I __1__ (feel) unhappy. She had to lower herself slowly, squeezing her body into the small space. “My name is Kelly. I'm from Canada. Where __2__ you from？” She waved a hand in front of my

face.“China，” I said as I shook her hand unwillingly. Kelly kept talking to me. She was very thoughtful. When we __3__ (serve) drinks and meals, she made sure that I had enough room in my seat. “I don't want to make you __4__ (comfort) with my elephant size！” she said sincerely. I couldn't help letting down my guard. As we talked, I was surprised by her wise __5__ (word). She had read many books and was very smart. I asked her if she ever thought about __6__ (lose) some weight. “Aren't you worried about the diseases that come with being overweight？” “Not at all. I eat __7__ (health) food and walk regularly，” She said.“I believe in my heart, the people who get diseases are the ones who worry. You see advertisements from exercise centers that read, …Free yourself from your extra baggage, so you are free to be __8__ (you)．? You're free only __9__ you're comfortable with who you are！” I suddenly realized that Kelly was

__10__ most beautiful and clever woman I had ever met in my life.

【解题导语】本文讲述了作者乘坐飞机时起初对旁边胖胖的女乘客没有好感。

后来她的热情及对生活的感悟让作者刮目相看。

1．felt考查时态。本处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故用felt。2．are考查时态和主谓一致。本处“你来自哪里”是女乘客的问话，应用一般现在时；根据主语you可知，应用are。

3．were served考查时态和语态。we与serve是逻辑上的动宾关系，且结合全文的时态可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were served。4．uncomfortable考查形容词。句意：我不想因为我的大块头让你不舒服。本处用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服”作宾补。

5．words考查名词。“她智慧的话语”，word为可数名词，故本处应用名词复数形式。

6．losing考查动名词。介词about后接动名词，故填losing。

7．healthy/healthful考查形容词。“(有益于)健康的食物”，本处用形容词healthy/healthful作定语修饰名词food。

8．yourself考查反身代词。“你会自由做你自己”，根据主语you可知，应用反身代词yourself。

9．if/when考查连词。句意：如果/当你对自己感到舒服，你才是自由的。故本处应用连词if/when。

10．the考查冠词。“最美丽最聪明的女子”，本处应用定冠词the修饰形容词的最高级。

语法填空

(2016·福建省普通高中毕业班质检)

Make your home a safer place

You probably think that your home is the one place where you are safe. That's what I thought until last week. Now I know our flat is full of accidents waiting __1__ (happen). Next month we'll look __2__ my niece and nephew while their parents go away for __3__ short break. We will ask them to come and make sure that everything is __4__ (total) OK. All of us will get a few __5__ (surprise)．

We start in the spare bedroom, in __6__ the children will sleep. Everybody knows you shouldn't put children's beds under a window in case a child __7__ (try) to climb out. Next is the bathroom. We keep our medicines on a shelf above the washbasin. Never leave medicines where children can

find __8__ (they). They might think they are sweets. Finally, the kitchen. This is the most __9__ (danger) room in the house. Knives should __10__ (keep) in drawers which children can't reach, and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards. So we have three weeks to make our house safe. It's not difficult ... once you know how to do.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何让家更安全。

1．to happen固定搭配wait to do sth.意为“等着做某事”，故填to happen。

2．after固定搭配look after意为“照看”，与“while their parents go away”呼应。

3．a break意为“休息”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词修饰。

4．totally修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词totally修饰形容词OK，在句子中作状语。

5．surprises surprise此处意为“意想不到的事”，是可数名词，且被a few修饰，故用复数形式。

6．which此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the spare bedroom, in which＝where。

7．tries/should try in case引导的状语从句中，从句用虚拟语气，常用“should ＋do”的形式；也可以不用虚拟语气，主从句时态一致，故用tries。

8．them空处作谓语动词find的宾语，因此应用宾格形式。

9．dangerous修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous在句子中作定语，与the most 呼应。

10．be kept句子主语Knives与keep之间构成动宾关系，故用被动语态be kept。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·成都第一次诊断)

Over 2,200 years ago, Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods. Li Bing, together with his son, decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River, __1__ (prevent) flooding. __2__ having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people, the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed. Since then, the Chengdu Plain __3__ (be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily.

It is the __4__ (old) and only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world. It is also __5__ wonder in the development of Chinese science. The project consists of three

important parts, namely Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou, which were __6__ (science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year.

There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui, __7__ you can clearly see the entire system. The great __8__ (construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty. At that time, the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails (扶手) were made of bamboo. Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of __9__ (visit) from home and abroad. Seen from afar, the bridge looks like a rainbow __10__ (hang) over the river.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。

【段意梳理】

第一段：为阻止成都遭受洪水侵扰，李冰父子决定修建都江堰水利工程。

第二段：都江堰水利工程的世界地位和历史意义。

第三段：安澜索桥横跨岷江，在那里可以看到都江堰水利工程的全貌。

1．to prevent考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥，故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。2．After考查介词。在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后，都江堰水利工程完工。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。

3．has been考查时态。句意：从那时起，成都平原不再受洪水侵扰，人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Since then”及“have been”可知，该句应用现在完成时。

4．oldest考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的the和“in the world”可知，都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程，故用最高级。

5．a考查不定冠词。句意：它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”，故用不定冠词。

6．scientifically考查副词。空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。

7．where考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。

8．construction考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断，空处被形容词修饰，故用名词形式。

9．visitors考查名词的数。这里指“保证国内外游客的安全”，故用名词的复数形式。

10．hanging考查非谓语动词。句意：从远处看，这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的彩虹。空处与rainbow存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·陕西质量检测)

Also __1__ (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are __2__ unique art form in Chinese folk culture. The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are __3__ (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday __4__ decoration and they are also a symbol of New Year's greetings.

New Year paintings __5__ (appear)around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures __6__ (feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song dynasty, New Year paintings were created on a large scale. With the advancement of printing technology, the content and forms of New Year paintings became __7__ (diversity). The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, __8__ the art hit its heyday(全盛期)．

Traditional printing __9__ (method) of New Year paintings include woodblock printing, stone-block printing, offset(胶印)printing, traditional Chinese painting，watercolor painting and sketches etc.Woodblock printed New Year paintings __10__ (be) the most popular and interesting ones.

【解题导语】本文为说明文，涉及社会文化和习俗话题。本文主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一——年画的用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。1．known考查过去分词。空前无主语，故填非谓语动词。be known as“作为……而知名”，故填known。

2．a考查冠词。年画是中国民间文化中的一种独特的艺术形式。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词。unique的发音不是以元音音素开头的，故用a。

3．mostly考查副词。因为它们通常都在春节期间被张贴，作为装饰画。修饰谓语动词用副词。mostly“通常，多半，大部分”。

4．for考查介词。此处表示目的，故用介词for。

5．appeared考查时态。年画大约起源于唐代，表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。

6．featuring考查动词的-ing形式。代替先前的以神为特色的门画。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰door pictures。door pictures与feature之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填动词的-ing形式作定语，feature在此是动词，意为“以……为特色”。7．diverse/diversified考查形容词。在本句的系表结构中，作表语的应是形容词。diverse“多种多样的”。也可填diversified“多样化的”。

8．when考查定语从句。年画在明清时期走向成熟，达到鼎盛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。

9．methods考查名词单复数。从后文可知，年画的制作工艺有很多种，故填method 的复数形式。

10．are考查主谓一致和时态。木版年画最为盛行，也最有趣。由主语paintings 可知，谓语动词应使用复数。且此处是对客观情况的陈述，应用一般现在时。

语法填空

(2016·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)

Love, wealth and opportunities — parents today do __1__ (they) best to leave possessions for their kids, __2__ they are rich or poor. But Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of the social media giant Facebook, has something __3__ (large) in mind.

On Dec. 1, Zuckerberg, 31, announced the birth of his first child and the start __4__ the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, __5__ organization for helping people in need.__6__ (make) the world a better place for their kids to grow up in, Zuckerberg said he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, would give away 99 percent of their Facebook shares __7__ now are worth about $45 billion (about 288 billion yuan) to good causes.

However, the shares will not be donated to the organization immediately, but over the course of the couple's lives.

The __8__ (announce) was presented as a letter __9__ (write) by the couple to their new baby girl, Max.

According to the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative __10__ (help) to realize “human

p otential” and “equality for all children in the next generation”．

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：很多父母都尽力给孩子留下财产，然而Facebook的总裁竟捐出所持的Facebook 的99%的股份做公益。

1．their do one's best to do sth.表示“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，因此应使用形容词性物主代词their。

2．whether whether ... or意为“无论……还是”，为固定搭配。

3．larger But的转折暗含此处表示与其他父母的比较，因此使用比较级。

4．of此处of短语作后置定语，the start of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative表示“扎克伯格－陈计划的启动”。

5．an此处为the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative的同位语，organization的读音以元音音素开头，因此填an。

6．To make此处为目的状语，因此使用不定式。

7．which/that空处引导定语从句，先行词为“99 percent of their Facebook shares”，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，因此填which/that。

8．announcement此处为主语，由谓语动词was可知，应用单数名词作主语。

9．written此处为a letter的后置定语，因write与a letter之间构成动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作后置定语。

10．will help依据这封信，扎克伯格－陈计划将会帮助实现人类潜能以及下一代所有孩子的平等，应使用一般将来时。

In many countries, ___1___ is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together

in the shared space. ___2___, in the United States, this idea may still be consi dered odd.

But this type of housing, ___3___(call) co-housing, is gaining ___4___ (popul ar) in the United

States, too. Co-housing complexes are popping up across the country. For ma ny people, this way

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