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鹊桥仙.纤云弄巧《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》原文及翻译

鹊桥仙.纤云弄巧《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》

原文及翻译

纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度。金风玉露一相逢，便胜却人

间无数。(度通：渡)柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾鹊桥归路。两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

纤薄的云彩在天空中变幻多端，天上的流星传递着相思的愁怨，遥

远无垠的银河今夜我悄悄渡过。在秋风白露的七夕相会，就胜过尘

世间那些长相厮守却貌合神离的夫妻。

共诉相思，柔情似水，短暂的相会如梦如幻，分别之时不忍去看那

鹊桥路。只要两情至死不渝，又何必贪求卿卿我我的朝欢暮乐呢。

秦观（1049年—1100年9月17日），江苏高邮人（现高邮市三垛

镇武宁秦家垛），字少游，一字太虚。被尊为婉约派一代词宗，别

号邗沟居士，学者称其淮海居士。苏轼曾戏呼其为“山抹微云君”。

秦观是北宋文学史上的一位重要作家，但在秦观现存的所有作品中，词只有三卷100多首，而诗有十四卷430多首，文则达三十卷共

250多篇，诗文相加，其篇幅远远超过词若干倍。

《鹊桥仙(纤云弄巧) 》同步练习题及答案【部编版高一必修上册】

《鹊桥仙(纤云弄巧) 》同步练习题及答案【必修上册】题型：【重点句子翻译】【理解性默写】【选择题】【简答题】一、翻译： 1、纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度。 2、金风玉露一相逢，便胜却人间无数。 3、柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾鹊桥归路。 4、两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。二、理解性默写： 1、秦观在《鹊桥仙》中表达自己独特爱情观的是： 2、秦观在《鹊桥仙》里赞叹牛郎织女一年一度的“七夕”胜过人间凡俗之爱的句子是： 3、鹊桥仙感悟友谊地久天长，不在一朝一夕的依恋的诗句：三、选择题： 1、秦观《鹊桥仙》（纤云弄巧）一词是围绕哪个民间故事展开的?（） A、白蛇传 B、梁山伯与祝英台 C、牛郎织女 D、穆桂英挂帅 2、下列对这首词的主题理解正确的一项是（） A.诚挚不渝的爱情。 B.伤春惜时的感伤。 C.仕途失意的愤液。 D.旷达潇洒的情怀。 3、下面对《鹊桥仙》（纤云弄巧）赏析不正确的是：（） A. 柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾鹊桥归路”两个精妙的比喻写尽牛郎、织女的相见之欢和离别之苦。

B. “两情若是久长时”二句对男女主人公致以深情的慰勉：只要两情至死不渝，又何必贪求卿卿我我的朝欢暮乐？这一惊世骇俗、震聋发聩之笔，使全词升华到新的思想高度。 C.本词的内容是歌咏牛郎织女的神话。上片写佳期相会的盛况，下片则是写依依惜别之情。 D.这首词主要运用叙事、描写的表达方式，写得自然流畅而又婉约蕴藉，余味隽永。 4、下列对这首词品析有误的一项是（） A.本词主题健康，格调爽朗，而又深感余味不尽，颇受启迪，成为七夕诗词中久传不衰的佳作。 B.本词借写牛郎织女这个人所共知的传说故事来表达自己的理想爱情观，构思极为巧妙，表达极为自然。 C.本词字面上，处处写人间，句句写牛郎织女，而实际上句句写天上，写天上的真情，于传统题材中翻出新意。 D.“柔情似水，佳期如梦，忍顾的桥归路”两个精妙的比喻写尽牛郎织女的相见之欢和离别之苦。四、简答题： 1、文学常识填空。秦观，字少游、太虚，号，北宋词人，为“”之一。词风婉转含蓄（）、清丽淡雅，著有、。 2、诗的上片前三句“纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度”，描绘了一幅怎样的情景？在全词有什么作用？ 3、你如何理解“两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮”一句的含义？ 4、请你展开联想和想象用散文语言再现“纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度”的画面。

新技术云计算外文文献

云计算——新兴的计算技术摘要：云计算是涉及通过互联网提供托管服务的总称。这些服务大致分为三类：基础设施即服务（IaaS）、平台即服务（PaaS）和软件即服务（SaaS）。云计算这个名字的灵感来自于云符号经常用来代表在互联网上流程图和图表。这是在继主机计算、个人电脑计算、客户端服务器计算和Web计算之后的第五代计算技术。本文将围绕云计算进行讨论。关键词：云计算，IaaS（基础设施即服务），PaaS的（平台即服务），SaaS（软件即服务） 1引言云服务有三个鲜明的特点区别于传统的主机服务模式，它们分别是：云服务的出售通常按分钟或小时收取费用；云服务是有弹性的，一个用户可以在不同的时间拥有可多可少的服务；云服务完全由供应商托管（消费者只需要通过个人电脑和互联网就可以使用）。虚拟化的重大创新、分布式计算的发展，以及高速互联网的建设和经济的衰落，都加速了对云计算的兴趣。云可以是私有的或公有的。公有云向互联网上的任何人销售（目前，亚马逊的网络服务是最大的公有云服务提供商）。私有云是一个专有网络或数据中心，向一部分人提供托管服务。当服务提供商使用公有云资源来创建自己的私有云，这样的结果被称为虚拟化的私有云。私有云或公共云的云计算目标是提供方便的、可扩展的计算资源和IT服务[1]。 2云计算的优势云计算具有的优势是什么？ (a)最小化的资本开支 (b)位置和设备独立性答案：供应商的视角：申请厂商更容易吸引新客户。 (a)提供最低成本的方法和配套应用； (b)能够使用商品服务器和存储硬件； 3云计算的障碍从客户的视角来看，云计算的障碍有： (a)数据安全； (b)很多客户不希望他们的数据迁移到可以信任的“云”上； (c)数据必须进行本地保留； (d)延迟； (e)云可以走多少毫秒； (f)不是实时应用的理想选择； (g)应用程序可用性； (h)无法通过现有的传统应用进行切换； (i)等效的云应用不存在；总结，并非所有的应用程序都要工作在公共云之上。

ASP外文翻译原文

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毕业设计外文翻译原文.

Optimum blank design of an automobile sub-frame Jong-Yop Kim a ,Naksoo Kim a,*,Man-Sung Huh b a Department of Mechanical Engineering,Sogang University,Shinsu-dong 1,Mapo-ku,Seoul 121-742,South Korea b Hwa-shin Corporation,Young-chun,Kyung-buk,770-140,South Korea Received 17July 1998 Abstract A roll-back method is proposed to predict the optimum initial blank shape in the sheet metal forming process.The method takes the difference between the ?nal deformed shape and the target contour shape into account.Based on the method,a computer program composed of a blank design module,an FE-analysis program and a mesh generation module is developed.The roll-back method is applied to the drawing of a square cup with the ˉange of uniform size around its periphery,to con?rm its validity.Good agreement is recognized between the numerical results and the published results for initial blank shape and thickness strain distribution.The optimum blank shapes for two parts of an automobile sub-frame are designed.Both the thickness distribution and the level of punch load are improved with the designed blank.Also,the method is applied to design the weld line in a tailor-welded blank.It is concluded that the roll-back method is an effective and convenient method for an optimum blank shape design.#2000Elsevier Science S.A.All rights reserved. Keywords:Blank design;Sheet metal forming;Finite element method;Roll-back method

(完整版)《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》教案

鹊桥仙教学目标：了解《鹊桥仙》不落窠臼的构思，理解“两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮”一句所表达的词人对爱情的与众不同的看法。教学重点：知人论词，理解词人的特殊情感；词人以写相逢讴歌了真挚、纯洁、坚贞的爱情。教学难点：理解词人丰富的想象力、感染力和艺术表现力。教学方法：合作式教学、讨论法。教学手段：多媒体技术。教学时间：一课时。教学过程：一、复习导入检查背诵《虞美人》。复习词的基本知识。 “七夕”是一个美好而充满神话色彩的浪漫节日，自南北朝至今，已缠绵悱恻地流传千年，永无休止。哪位同学来向大家分享一下牛郎织女的故事？二、作者简介秦观（1049—1100），北宋后期词人，字少游，又字太虚，号淮海居士，高邮（今属江苏）人。神宗元丰八年进士及第。曾任秘书省正字，兼国史院编修。因政治上属于旧党，多次遭爱打击，最后被贬到遥远的西南，死于放还途中。他长诗文，词更享有盛誉，被苏轼誉为“屈宋之才”，有〈淮海集〉。秦观为苏门四学士之一（其余三人是黄庭坚、晁补之、张耒），词作受苏轼影响，也受与歌女交往的生活经历影响，内容多写男女情爱，亦有感伤身世之作，风调凄迷幽婉，清丽曲雅，属婉约派。三、整体感知 1、朗读全文。明确：词的上片写这对情侣奔赴鹊桥相会时急迫而欣慰的心情，下片写他们将别时以长久相爱的誓言互勉。两片的结构相似，都可以分为两小层：前三句是宾，要读得轻些；后两句是主，可稍稍重读。全词四小节又类似律诗中的起、承、转、合，读时须有与此相应的语气，有鲜明的层次感。最后一小层即“两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮”两句，是这首词的主旨句，读此句须放慢速度，声音要柔和些，且有余韵——这虽是誓言，却当视为两位主人公的内心独白，读成山盟海誓的语气，就没有余味可寻了。 2、全班齐读。通过诵读，整体感知词的思想内涵，品味词的音韵美。四、品味意境 1、“纤云弄巧，飞星传恨，银汉迢迢暗度。”（片片云彩变幻着花巧，银河两岸，牵牛织女星光闪耀，诉说着无尽的思念与烦恼。只有这个七夕之夜，才能渡过辽阔的银河。）写的是这对情侣在奔赴见面地点的路上，的确是语浅而淡，但仔细想想，却又很有情味。词中先写出人物形象：织女是纺织能手，善织云锦，所以用“纤云弄巧”写她，可想象她是穿着自织的锦衣去会见她丈夫的。再写处在银河两边的牵牛织女两星闪烁不停，似乎流露出终年不得相见的无限怅恨，只有七夕才得相聚倾诉衷肠。暮色漫天，星光微明，长途跋涉，终得一见，匆匆复匆匆，怎不令人愁绪万千。

Hadoop云计算外文翻译文献

Hadoop云计算外文翻译文献 (文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 原文: Meet Hadoop In pioneer days they used oxen for heavy pulling, and when one ox couldn’t budge a log, they didn’t try to grow a larger ox. We shouldn’t be trying for bigger computers, but for more systems of computers. —Grace Hopper Data! We live in the data age. It’s not easy to measure the total volume of data stored electronically, but an IDC estimate put the size of the “digital universe” at 0.18 zettabytes in

2006, and is forecasting a tenfold growth by 2011 to 1.8 zettabytes. A zettabyte is 1021 bytes, or equivalently one thousand exabytes, one million petabytes, or one billion terabytes. That’s roughly the same order of magnitude as one disk drive for every person in the world. This flood of data is coming from many sources. Consider the following: ? The New York Stock Exchange generates about one terabyte of new trade data per day. ? Facebook hosts approximately 10 billion photos, taking up one petabyte of storage. ? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f416347002.html,, the genealogy site, stores around 2.5 petabytes of data. ? The Internet Archive stores around 2 petabytes of data, and is growing at a rate of 20 terabytes per month. ? The Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, Switzerland, will produce about 15 petabytes of data per year. So there’s a lot of data out there. But you are probably wondering how it affects you. Most of the data is locked up in the largest web properties (like search engines), or scientific or financial institutions, isn’t it? Does the advent of “Big Data,” as it is being called, affect smaller organizations or individuals? I argue that it does. Take photos, for example. My wife’s grandfather was an avid photographer, and took photographs throughout his adult life. His entire corpus of medium format, slide, and 35mm film, when scanned in at high-resolution, occupies around 10 gigabytes. Compare this to the digital photos that my family took last year,which take up about 5 gigabytes of space. My family is producing photographic data at 35 times the rate my wife’s grandfather’s did, and the rate is increasing every year as it becomes easier to take more and more photos. More generally, the digital streams that individuals are producing are growing apace. Microsoft Research’s MyLifeBits project gives a glimpse of archiving of pe rsonal information that may become commonplace in the near future. MyLifeBits was an experiment where an individual’s interactions—phone calls, emails, documents were captured electronically and stored for later access. The data gathered included a photo taken every minute, which resulted in an overall data volume of one gigabyte a month. When storage costs come down enough to make it feasible to store continuous audio and video, the data volume for a future MyLifeBits service will be many times that.

英文翻译与英文原文.陈--

翻译文献：INVESTIGATION ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SLIDE UNIT IN MODULAR MACHINE TOOL （对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告）文献作者：Peter Dransfield, 出处：Peter Dransfield, Hydraulic Control System-Design and Analysis of TheirDynamics, Springer-Verlag, 1981 翻译页数：p139—144 英文译文：对组合机床滑台动态性能的调查报告【摘要】这一张纸处理调查利用有束缚力的曲线图和状态空间分析法对组合机床滑台的滑动影响和运动平稳性问题进行分析与研究，从而建立了滑台的液压驱动系统一自调背压调速系统的动态数学模型。通过计算机数字仿真系统，分析了滑台产生滑动影响和运动不平稳的原因及主要影响因素。从那些中可以得出那样的结论，如果能合理地设计液压缸和自调背压调压阀的结构尺寸. 本文中所使用的符号如下： s1-流源，即调速阀出口流量； S el—滑台滑动摩擦力 R一滑台等效粘性摩擦系数： I1—滑台与油缸的质量 12—自调背压阀阀心质量 C1、c2—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的液容； C2—自调背压阀弹簧柔度； R1, R2自调背压阀阻尼孔液阻， R9—自调背压阀阀口液阻 S e2—自调背压阀弹簧的初始预紧力； I4, I5—管路的等效液感 C5、C6—管路的等效液容： R5, R7-管路的等效液阻； V3, V4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔内容积； P3, P4—油缸无杆腔及有杆腔的压力 F—滑台承受负载， V—滑台运动速度。本文采用功率键合图和状态空间分折法建立系统的运动数学模型，滑台的动态特性可以能得到显著改善。

外文翻译---超越台式机：一个关于云计算的介绍

附录A 译文超越台式机：一个关于云计算的介绍在这个世界上几乎每一天都能看到新技术趋势的崛起和衰退，一种新的趋势带来了更长久的生命力。这种趋势被称为云计算，它将改变你使用电脑和互联网的方式。云计算预示着我们在如何存储信息和运行应用程序问题上的重大变革。而不是在单独的计算机上运行程序的散的数据，一切都托管在“云”中，通过英特网去访问“云”中的其他计算机和服务器。云计算让你能够在世界上的任何地方访问你所有的应用程序和文档，摆脱了台式机的束缚，让你更容易在不同的地方和同事进行协作。第一部分认识云计算云计算的出现就相当于一个世纪前电力革命的发生。在电力公司出现之前，每一个农场和企业都通过自己独立的发电机发电。在电网产生以后，农场和企业关闭他们自己的的发电机，并且从电力公司以一个比他们用自己发电机发电低得多的价格（并且更具有可靠性）买电。为了寻找相同类型革命的发生，使得云计算成为定局。由于我们所期望的教育普及，每时每刻的可靠性和无处不在的云计算协作承诺使得以台式机为计算中心的观念半途而废。云计算将是未来发展的方向。云计算：它是什么和它的不同通过传统的桌面计算，你可以在你的每一台电脑上运行程序的副本，你所创建的文件都保存在你创建文件的计算机上。虽然它们能够被这个网络上的其他计算机访问，但是它们不能被外网的计算机访问。整个的场景都是以个人计算机为中心。通过云计算，你使用的软件程序不需要运行在你的个人电脑上，但是却可以通过访问英特网上的服务器使用这个软件程序。假如你的电脑死机了，但是这个

软件程序仍然可以供其他人使用。这种模式仍然适用于你创建的文件，它们被储存在一个可以通过互联网访问的集合中。经过许可的任何人不仅可以访问文件，还可以实时地编辑和处理这些文件。不同于传统的计算，云计算模式不以个人计算机为中心，而是以文档为中心，个人计算机使用简单的文件访问并不重要。但是这只是一个简化。让我们来看看更详细的云计算是什么样子的？它和我们了解云计算的不同同样重要。云计算的不同首先，云计算不是网络计算。通过网络计算，应用程序和文档被托管在一个公司的服务器中并且通过公司的网络可以访问那些应用程序和文档。云计算要比网络计算大很多，它包含了许多个公司，许多个服务器和许多个网络。此外，与网络计算不同，云服务和储存通过网络在世界的任何地方都可以访问，但是通过网络计算，只能在自己公司的网络访问到。云计算也不是传统的像一个公司将计算服务外包（分包）给一个外部公司。虽然外包公司可以托管一个公司的数据或者应用程序，但是这些程序和计划只有这个公司的员工通过公司的网络才能访问到，而不是通过整个英特网。因此，尽管表面上很相似，但是网络计算和外包不是云计算。什么是云计算云计算定义的关键是“云”本身。对于我们而言，云是一大群互联的计算机。这些计算机可以是个人电脑或者网络服务器，它们可以是公共或者私人的。例如，谷歌的云是由小的个人电脑和更大的服务器组成的。谷歌云是私人的（即，谷歌拥有它），是公开访问的（通过谷歌用户）。这种计算机云继承并且超越了单一的公司或者企业。跨企业的跨平台的广大用户群可以访问云服务所提供的应用程序和数据。通过互联网访问，任何被授权的用户可以访问连接在英特网上的任何计算机上的这些文档和应用程序。并且，对于用户而言，云技术和云背后的基础设施是不可见的。云技术是否基于HTTP,HTML协议，XML，JavaScript或者其他特定的技术是不明显的。（在大多数情况下是无所谓的）。云计算是用户为中心的。一旦你作为一个用户连接到云，无论储存在哪里的文件，信息，图像，应用程序，无论什么都将变成你的。此外，你的数据也可以

外文翻译原文

204/JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING/AUGUST1999

JOURNAL OF BRIDGE ENGINEERING /AUGUST 1999/205 ends.The stress state in each cylindrical strip was determined from the total potential energy of a nonlinear arch model using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. It was emphasized that the membrane stresses in the com-pression region of the curved models were less than those predicted by linear theory and that there was an accompanying increase in ?ange resultant force.The maximum web bending stress was shown to occur at 0.20h from the compression ?ange for the simple support stiffness condition and 0.24h for the ?xed condition,where h is the height of the analytical panel.It was noted that 0.20h would be the optimum position for longitudinal stiffeners in curved girders,which is the same as for straight girders based on stability requirements.From the ?xed condition cases it was determined that there was no signi?cant change in the membrane stresses (from free to ?xed)but that there was a signi?cant effect on the web bend-ing stresses.Numerical results were generated for the reduc-tion in effective moment required to produce initial yield in the ?anges based on curvature and web slenderness for a panel aspect ratio of 1.0and a web-to-?ange area ratio of 2.0.From the results,a maximum reduction of about 13%was noted for a /R =0.167and about 8%for a /R =0.10(h /t w =150),both of which would correspond to extreme curvature,where a is the length of the analytical panel (modeling the distance be-tween transverse stiffeners)and R is the radius of curvature.To apply the parametric results to developing design criteria for practical curved girders,the de?ections and web bending stresses that would occur for girders with a curvature corre-sponding to the initial imperfection out-of-?atness limit of D /120was used.It was noted that,for a panel with an aspect ratio of 1.0,this would correspond to a curvature of a /R =0.067.The values of moment reduction using this approach were compared with those presented by Basler (Basler and Thurlimann 1961;Vincent 1969).Numerical results based on this limit were generated,and the following web-slenderness requirement was derived: 2 D 36,500a a =1?8.6?34 (1) ? ??? t R R F w ?y where D =unsupported distance between ?anges;and F y =yield stress in psi. An extension of this work was published a year later,when Culver et al.(1973)checked the accuracy of the isolated elas-tically supported cylindrical strips by treating the panel as a unit two-way shell rather than as individual strips.The ?ange/web boundaries were modeled as ?xed,and the boundaries at the transverse stiffeners were modeled as ?xed and simple.Longitudinal stiffeners were modeled with moments of inertias as multiples of the AASHO (Standard 1969)values for straight https://www.wendangku.net/doc/f416347002.html,ing analytical results obtained for the slenderness required to limit the plate bending stresses in the curved panel to those of a ?at panel with the maximum allowed out-of-?atness (a /R =0.067)and with D /t w =330,the following equa-tion was developed for curved plate girder web slenderness with one longitudinal stiffener: D 46,000a a =1?2.9 ?2.2 (2) ? ? ? t R f R w ?b where the calculated bending stress,f b ,is in psi.It was further concluded that if longitudinal stiffeners are located in both the tension and compression regions,the reduction in D /t w will not be required.For the case of two stiffeners,web bending in both regions is reduced and the web slenderness could be de-signed as a straight girder panel.Eq.(1)is currently used in the ‘‘Load Factor Design’’portion of the Guide Speci?cations ,and (2)is used in the ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’portion for girders stiffened with one longitudinal stiffener.This work was continued by Mariani et al.(1973),where the optimum trans-verse stiffener rigidity was determined analytically. During almost the same time,Abdel-Sayed (1973)studied the prebuckling and elastic buckling behavior of curved web panels and proposed approximate conservative equations for estimating the critical load under pure normal loading (stress),pure shear,and combined normal and shear loading.The linear theory of shells was used.The panel was simply supported along all four edges with no torsional rigidity of the ?anges provided.The transverse stiffeners were therefore assumed to be rigid in their directions (no strains could be developed along the edges of the panels).The Galerkin method was used to solve the governing differential equations,and minimum eigenvalues of the critical load were calculated and presented for a wide range of loading conditions (bedding,shear,and combined),aspect ratios,and curvatures.For all cases,it was demonstrated that the critical load is higher for curved panels over the comparable ?at panel and increases with an increase in curvature. In 1980,Daniels et al.summarized the Lehigh University ?ve-year experimental research program on the fatigue behav-ior of horizontally curved bridges and concluded that the slen-derness limits suggested by Culver were too severe.Equations for ‘‘Load Factor Design’’and for ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’were developed (respectively)as D 36,500a =1?4?192(3)? ?t R F w ?y D 23,000a =1?4 ?170 (4) ? ? t R f w ?b The latter equation is currently used in the ‘‘Allowable Stress Design’’portion of the Guide Speci?cations for girders not stiffened longitudinally. Numerous analytical and experimental works on the subject have also been published by Japanese researchers since the end of the CURT project.Mikami and colleagues presented work in Japanese journals (Mikami et al.1980;Mikami and Furunishi 1981)and later in the ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics (Mikami and Furunishi 1984)on the nonlinear be-havior of cylindrical web panels under bending and combined bending and shear.They analyzed the cylindrical panels based on Washizu’s (1975)nonlinear theory of shells.The governing nonlinear differential equations were solved numerically by the ?nite-difference method.Simple support boundary condi-tions were assumed along the curved boundaries (top and bot-tom at the ?ange locations)and both simple and ?xed support conditions were used at the straight (vertical)boundaries.The large displacement behavior was demonstrated by Mi-kami and Furunishi for a range of geometric properties.Nu-merical values of the load,de?ection,membrane stress,bend-ing stress,and torsional stress were obtained,but no equations for design use were presented.Signi?cant conclusions include that:(1)the compressive membrane stress in the circumfer-ential direction decreases with an increase in curvature;(2)the panel under combined bending and shear exhibits a lower level of the circumferential membrane stress as compared with the panel under pure bending,and as a result,the bending moment carried by the web panel is reduced;and (3)the plate bending stress under combined bending and shear is larger than that under pure bending.No formulations or recommendations for direct design use were made. Kuranishi and Hiwatashi (1981,1983)used the ?nite-ele-ment method to demonstrate the elastic ?nite displacement be-havior of curved I-girder webs under bending using models with and without ?ange rigidities.Rotation was not allowed (?xed condition)about the vertical axis at the ends of the panel (transverse stiffener locations).Again,the nonlinear distribu-