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过去分词和现在分词语法总结

过去分词和现在分词语法总结
过去分词和现在分词语法总结

分词也是非谓语动词之一

分词在形式上不同于不定式和动名词,它有两种形式;

①现在分词:动词原形+ing(同动名词形式)

②过去分词:(规则动词)动词原形+ed (不规则动词)构成没有什么规律

分词也和不定式和动名词一样,在句子中不能作谓语但它还保留一部分动词性质,它可以带自已的状语和宾语,有时也有它自己单独的逻辑上的主语

例:(1)He saw the thief stealing the books from the book shop.(带状语)他看见这个贼正在书店偷书。

(2)Hearing the news he jumped.(带宾语)听到这个消息,他跳了起来。

( 3 ) Li Ming being late, we had to wait.(带逻辑主语)李明迟到了,我们只好等他。

另外,分词具有形容词和副词性质,它可以在句子中担任表语、定语、状语和宾补。

The story is interesting. I'm interested in it.这个故事很有趣,我对它感兴趣。(作表语)

This is a moving film. 这是一部感人的电影。(作定语)

The woman dressed in blue is my sister. 穿着蓝衣服的妇女是我姐姐。(作定语)

The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.(作状语)

秘书工作到深夜,为总统准备一篇长的发言稿。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果再多加注意,这些树会长得更好。(作状语)

When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)

当他经过银行时看见这个贼正在偷钱。

When he was decorating his house, he got(had)the bedroom painted first.(作宾补)

分词的形式(及物动词的分词有七种形式,不及物动词的分词有四种形式)

动词类别及物动词(do) 不及物动词(fall)语态主动被动主动被动

一般式doing being done

done(2)

falling

fallen(2)

完成式having done having been doing having fallen 无

完成进行式(1)having been done having been being done

(基本不用)

having been falling 无

注:(1)以上几种形式中完成进行式不常用。(2)fallen是不及物动词fall的过去分词,表示主动,

而done是及物动词do的过去分词,表被动(除了这两个是过去分词外,以上其余皆是现在分词。)

例:Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.

关于这一事故,他什么也不知道,所以他还像平常一样去上班了〃

Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 因为他没有收到回信,他决定再写。

它们的主要区别表现在语态和时态上

Ⅰ. 从语态上来区别

1.在语态上现在分词无论是及物动词或不及物动词,一般都表示主动的意思。

Do you know the woman talking to Tom?=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?

定语从句(主动语态)

你认识那位正在和汤姆说话的那位妇女吗?

Entering the city, they saw a lot of soldiers marching.=When they entered the city, they saw a lot of soldiers marching.

状语从句(主动语态)

进入城市后,他们看见许多士兵们在行进。

2. 及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动。

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.=The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. 在战争中受伤的那位士兵现在已经成为一名医生了。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city is more beautiful.=If it is seen from the top of the hill, the city is more beautiful. 如果从山顶上看这座城市更加美丽。

注意:请注意missing的用法。

be missing=be lost

eg1:

China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

↓ ↓

(vi)现在分词表正在进行 (vi)过去分词表示完成

=China is a country that is developing and America is a country that has developed. 中国是一个发展中国家,而美国是一个发达国家。 eg2:Look. The falling leaves are all yellow. Lots of fallen leaves make the road yellow. ↓ ↓ (vi)现在分词表正在进行 (vi )过去分词表示完成

=Look. The leaves that are falling are all yellow. Lots of the leaves that have fallen make the road yellow. 看,这些落叶(正在下落)使得马路变黄了。

eg3:At the party I met my schoolmate just returned from Africa. =At the party I met my schoolmate who has just returned from Africa. ↓ 在聚会上我遇见了刚刚从非洲回来的我的一位校友。 (vi )过去分词表示完成

1. 跟在系动词之后

分词作表语,一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等系动词后面。

现在分词作表语:一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。 含有“令人……”的意思。 主语多数情况下是物。

过去分词作表语:一般表被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到……”的意思。 主语多数情况下是人。

而作表语用的分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有以下:

现在分词:moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising. 过去分词:interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, frighten, excited, inspired, pleased, satisfied, tired, worried, completed, delighted ,

hurt, married, crowded.

The news sounds encouraging. How did the audience receive the new play ?观众对这个新剧反映如何?

They got very excited. 他们非常激动。

How did Bob do in the exams this time ?这次鲍伯考得怎么样?

Well, his father seems pleased with his results.不错,他父亲似乎对于他的成绩感到高兴。

2.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别

这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的,都是由“系动词be 十过去分词”构成的,有时容易混淆。区别如下:

The blackboard was broken (has been broken )by Li Ming.(被动语态,表示动作)这块黑板是李明打碎的〃

The blackboard is broken.(系表结构,表示主语the blackboard 所处的状态broken )这块黑板碎了。

系表结构:只用于一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时。

被动语态:除了不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时外, 可用于其它时态。

被动语态的时态要与相应的主动语态一致。

系表结构不需要一致。

The blackboard, was broken by Li Ming.(被动语态)

Li Ming broke the blackboard.(主动语态)

The blackboard is broken.(系表结构)

(表示状态则可用现在时,表示目前的状态,不必考虑其时态要与相应的主动语态一致。我们可理解为这块黑板以前(或已经)被李明打碎,现在它是碎的。)

必背:不是所有动词的过去分词都可以作表语,表示主语所处的状态的,

只有那些形容词特征显著的过去分词才能作表语。常见的有:

amused 觉得有趣 injured 受伤的 covered 盖着的 known 有名的 dressed 穿着 lost 失去的 broken 破的 gone burnt 燃烧 shut 关着的 wounded 受伤的 painted

excited 兴奋的 crowded 拥挤的 interested 有趣的 drunk

satisfied 满足的 married 已结婚 pleased billed

worried 担心 surprised 惊讶 finished 完成的 delighted

done

注意:有相应的形容词能说明状态时,则不用分词,而用形容词。

The window is open. The door is locked.(O ) 窗户是开着的,门是锁着的。

The window is opened. The door is locked (×)

( open 可兼作动词与形容词,都当开、开着的讲,所以只能用它的形容词,而不能用它的分词。而锁着的lock 不能作形容词,所以只能用它的过去分词)

必背:请记住这一句话! Keep your eyes open, keep your mouth closed. 多观察(用眼),少说话(用嘴)。

My watch is gone.

It's not my fault. You are mistaken. 这不是我的过错,你误会了。

3.作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别

作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。

进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。

The situation in our country is encouraging.(系表结构)我国的形势鼓舞人心。

The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)我国的形势正鼓舞着人民。

另外,在分词作表语的结构中,可以用其它系动词来代替be,但在进行结构中,则不可以。因为进行时的句型必须是be+doing。

The news is surprising.这个消息很惊人。=The news sounds surprising. 这个消息听起挺惊人的。

4. 分词、动名词和不定式作表语时的区别

分词作表语:主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态。主语和表语的位置不可以互换。

动名词和不定式作表语:主要是表示主语的具体内容。主语和表语的位置常常可以互换。

The film is disappointing. 这部电影真令人失望。

(现在分词作表语,表示主语the film的性质、特点,不能和主语互换)←比较

We are disappointed with the film. 我们对这个电影感到失望。

(过去分词作表语,表示主语we所处的状态,表语不能和主语互换。)

My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。=Teaching English is my job. 教英语是我的工作

(动名词作表语,表示主语的内容“我的工作是什么”,表语和主语位置可以互换)

Our aim is to enter the Universities. 我们的目标是考上大学。

=To enter the Universities is our aim.考上大学是我们的目标。

(不定式作表语,表示主语的内容:“我们的目标是什么?”,表语和主语位置可以互换。)

The swimming boy is my brother.(现在分词+名词)那个游泳的小男孩是我弟弟。

Look at the broken glasses.(过去分词+名词)看那些破碎了的玻璃杯。

What is the language spoken in Japan?(名词+过去分词)在日本说什么语言?

Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚。

I have a radio made in China. 我有一台中国生产的收音机。 The girl dressed in white is Mary. 穿白衣服的小姑娘是玛丽。 2.分词短语作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系 分词短语作定语时,要注意分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的时间关系。

分词作定语时,现在分词有进行意味和主动意味,过去分词有完成意味和被动意味。因此,一般来讲,用现在分词时,要符合以下两个条件之一:

The road joining the two villages is very wide.= The road that joins the two villages is very wide.

连接这两个村子的路非常宽。

They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.= They lived in a room which faced the north thirty years ago. 三十年前,他们住在朝北的房间里。

The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.

正在朝那边跑的那个人是主席〃

I know the young man sleeping on the bench. =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.

我认识正在长凳上睡觉的那位年轻人。

*如果分词需要表示动作是主动的,而又在谓语动作之前发生,则要用定语从句表示,在谓语动作之后发生则要用不定式或从句表示。

The man who came yesterday comes again. 昨天来过的那个人又来了。

The man coming yesterday comes again.(x )(在谓语动词comes 之前发生)

The students to attend the meeting (who will attend the meeting )will arrive here tomorrow.

要参加会议的学生们明天到达这里。(动作在谓语动词will arrive 之后发生) The question being discussed is very important.=The question that is being discussed is very important.

正在(被)讨论的问题十分重要。

The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.

=The skyscraper that is being built is still higher than that (one )that was built the year before last.

正在建造的那幢摩天大楼比前年造的那幢还要高。

Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?=Do you know the boy who is being punished by our teacher? 你认识正在被我们老师处罚的那个男孩吗?

You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7.30 pm, Dec.25. 欢迎您参加12月25日晚上7:30在我班召开的晚会。 Those who have handed in their compositions may go home.

定语从句

Those having handed in their compositions may go home 6. 何时用过去分词作定语?

因为过去分词只有一种形式,而它又包含完成和被动意味。因此要符合卜列条件: This is a picture painted by my father. =This is a picture that was painted by my father.

这是一张我父亲画的画。(分同painted 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词is 之前)

The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. =The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 注意:完成形式一般不用于作定语

昨日寄出的那封信,明天将会寄达他手中。

Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. 进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。Is it a letter written in pencil?这是用铅笔写的信吗?

Look at the sleeping boy.(分词作定语)

↓看这个熟睡的男孩。

逻辑上的主语(sleeping boy= the boy is sleeping)

= Look at the boy who is sleeping(定语从句)

( sleeping是主动语态的现在分词,在时间上,它表示sleep这一动

作与谓语动词look)

Please go to the sleeping car.(动名词作定语)请到卧铺车厢。

说明用途(the car is for sleep )

定语

I have a lot of words to say.(不定式作定语)

↓我有许多话要说。

两者存在着逻辑上的动宾关系( say words说一些话)

(to say是不定式的一般式,表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生)3.分词作宾语补足语说明:

动名词作定语:sleeping car

①只有sleeping重读

②不能变成定语从句

③两词没有逻辑上的主谓关系

说明:

分词作定语时:sleeping boy

①两词皆要重读

②可换成定语从句

③两词有逻辑上的主谓关系

说明:

不定式作定语:words to say

①to say只能放在words后面

②两者有逻辑上的动宾关系

主 语 谓 语 宾 语 宾语补足语(宾补)

I heard a bell ringing some where.

我听见铃铛在什么地方响。

I had(got) a decayed tooth pulled off.

我让(大夫)把我的一颗蛀牙拔了。

可以作宾补,但它通常用在一些感觉动词和使役动词的宾语后面,强调它的动作性,因此译文时,一般把分词译成动词。

常用的动词有:感觉动词:hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, leave …

使役动词:make, let, have, get, keep

1. 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别

现在分词与句子的宾语是上动关系,它表示动作的进行。

过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系,它表示动作的完成和结果。

I heard someone calling me. 我听见有人在叫我。

主 谓 宾 宾补

(在此句中宾语和宾补的关系是主动的,它表示call 的动作正在进行。someone calling me =Someone was calling me .如果译换成句子,是个主动句,是进行时)

I heard my name called. 我听见我的名字被叫。

主 谓 宾 宾补

(此句中,宾语和宾补的关系是被动的,它表示call 这一动作已经完成。my name called =My name was called. 转换成的句子是个被动句,是过去时,表示这一动作已经结束)

We found the snake eating the eggs. =the snake was eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋〃

We found the eggs eaten by the snake.=the eggs were eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了〃

You'd better have (get )the dangerous building pulled down. 你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒了。 How often do you have (get )your hair cut ? 你每隔多久理一次发?(不是自己理的) He had some pictures taken in the park.他在公园照了几张相片。(别人给他照的) I had my left arm broken yesterday. 昨天我的左胳搏摔断了。(只是一种经历)

Li Ming had his bike stolen. 李明的自行车被偷了。(是主语的一种遭遇、经历,不可能是主语叫别人做的事)

make oneself understood = to make one's meaning clear to others 使别人听懂自己讲的话

make oneself heard 使别人能听得见自己的话

I can ’t make myself understood because of my broken English.因为我糟糕的英语,我不能用英语表达我的意思。 (我的英语不能使别人明白我的意思)

I didn't make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall.

因为大厅中有许多人大声喊叫,我讲话别人听不见。

A liar cannot make himself believed. 撒谎者的话别人是不会相信的。

Do you hear someone calling you ?(现在分词)表动作正在进行,是主动句 一你听见有人叫你吗? 比较:

He took some

pictures in the

park.他给别人照

的或是他照的风景照。(总之是他

自己动手照的。)

(=Someone is calling you, do you hear?)

Yes, I did. 1 heard him call me several times.(不定式)表动作已结束,是主动句

一是的,我听见他叫了我几次了

Oh, you mean you hear your name called several times. (过去分词)两者是被动关系,且动作已结束

(=Your name was called several times, do you hear?)

一哦,你的意思是他已经叫了你几次了。(你的名子已经被叫了好几次了)

When he was decorating his house, he got the bedroom painted first.(过去分词作宾补)

↓表示动作已结束,被动关系(=the bedroom was painted first)

当他装修他的房子时,他首先把卧室粉刷了。

When he was decorating his house, he had some workers paint his bedroom first.(不定式作宾补)

表动作已结束,主动关系

当他装修他的房子时,他首先让工人们把卧室粉刷一新。

In order to finish it, he had the workers painting his bedroom all the day and night.

为了完成它,他让工人们从早一直干到晚。表动作正在进行,主动关系

I watched the boy cross the street.→The boy was watched to cross the street. 我观察这个小孩过马路

The teacher let the students write the composition at class.→The students were let(to)write the composition at class.

老师让学生们课上写作文。

The boss had Tom clean the room.→Tome was had to clean the room.(X)

Tom was made to clean the room.(0).老板让汤姆打扫房间。

He found a wallet lying on the ground.(现在分词).他发现地上有一个钱包。

He found the city changed a lot.(过去分词)他发现这个城市变化很大。

He found them change the city.(X)

Please be seated. =Please sit down. 请坐下。

What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated(sitting)on the benches at the end of the room. 最使我惊奇的是看见村民们坐在房后的长凳上。(此句中的seated不能写成seating,但可以写成sitting )

I saw her enter the room, sit in a chair, open a book and begin to read.

我看见她走进房间,坐在一把椅子上打开一本书开始读起来了。

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种,它具有动词的一些特点,同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能,在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A.动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式,即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成,也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1.规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited(限制) pretend→pretended(假装) escape→escaped(逃脱) provide→provided(提供) refer→referred(提交) drag→dragged(拖) pray→prayed(祈祷) supply→supplied(供应) 2.不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast(投掷) spread→spread(传播) bite→bitten(咬) forgive→forgiven(原谅) spit→spat(吐) wear→worn(穿) fight→fought(搏斗) lose→lost(丢失) 3.少数动词的-ed形式作定语时,读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B.动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去,他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会,她很生气。 C.动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思,有时也可表示完成的动作。 1.动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外,动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义,有的同时也带有被动的意义。

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

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hear——heard——heard 听见

学习 Iight- --lighted--- --lighted 照亮 mea n- ----meant- ----meant 意思 Shine- ----Shin ed-- ----Shi ned 擦亮,照耀 smell- - ---smelled ——smelled 嗅,闻 spell-- - --spelled-- ---spelled 拼写 spill---- -SPiIIed---- -spilled 流出,使溢出 spoil--- --spoilt — — -spoilt 溺爱,掠夺 Iearn ——Iearned/learnt ——Iear ned/lear nt Wake —Waked / Woke —Waked / Woke 醒着 (2 ) 把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“ d ” 改为“t bend ——bent ——bent 弯曲 构成过去式或过去分词 Ien d--- --Ien t--- -Ient 借给 Sen d-- ---se nt- ---- Sent 送 SPe nd ——SPent ——SPe nt 花费 (3)其他 bring-- ---brought ——brought 带来 buy--- -bought ——bought 买 CatC h- ----caught ——CaUght 赶上,抓住 dig---- -dug---- -dug 挖 feed--- --fed--- --fed 喂养 feel--- -felt---- -felt 感觉 fight--- --fought ——fought 斗争 fin d---- -found- ----found 发现 get---- -got----- got 得到 have-- ---had- - ---had 有 hang-- --- hung ——hung 悬挂 hold--- --held- - ---held 支持, 拥有 lay —— laid —— laid 躺下 lead--- --led —— -led 引导 build ——built ——built 建筑 leave ——left ——left 离开

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现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 (一)分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于: ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于: ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. (二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。 (三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤 (1)根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 (2)找准逻辑主语 (3)判断主、被动关系 (4)选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法 一、构成:规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的,不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点:过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点:1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法: 1.作表语:过去分词作表语时,一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如:(1)The cup is broken.(2)He is retired. (3)After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时,已经变成形容词性质,主要表示主语的状态(被动完成),而被动语态则表示动作. 例如:(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2)The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物,表示“令人……” 例如:The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1)单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。 例如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2)过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如:The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如:The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情,面貌,举止行为以及感觉等,这时不能用v-ing形式例如:The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1)时间状语:A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时,一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如:Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时,通常既表被动又表完成,可用after从句代替,也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如:Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2)原因状语:过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如:Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎,我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等,这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如:Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音,他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙,她看起来比以前更美3)条件状语:作条件状语时,一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如:Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4)伴随情况:表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作,位于主语之后,用逗号隔开,可以同时表示被动与完成, 例如:The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5)结果状语:表示发生在谓语动词后的动作,位于主句后用都逗号分开,也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如:He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如:When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

动词过去式及过去分词变化规则归纳总结

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则:动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结 尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 现在分词的变化规则: 1、一般在词尾加-ing(一般-ing)。例如:going,playing,knowing 2、以不发音的字母e结尾,先去e再加-ing(去e)。例如:making,arriving,coming 3、以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing(重闭单辅先双写)。例如:running,stopping,preferring 4、以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。例如:tying,dying, lying 口诀:现在进行ing,以e 结尾要去e,除去几个特殊词,系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying,直接ie变成y, 一元一辅双写辅(单音节的词)。 把原形变单数第三人称方法 1、一般情况加S 2、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es 3、y前是辅音改y为i加es 4、特殊情况have变has 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则: 1.一般情况加s :book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls 2.以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es :class--- classes box----boxes match----matches 3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es:city---cities country----countries party----parties factory----factories 4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词:heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros 以o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos) 5.以f,fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es :

动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词

动词 一、五种基本形式: 英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式,原形、现在式(用于第三人称单数)、过去式(用于过去时态)、过去分词(用于各种完成时态)和现在分词(用于各种进行时态)。

二、动词时态 定义:时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 四类:一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态。每一类时态都对应四种时间:过去、现在、将来、过去将来。常用8种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时和过去将来时。 1、一般现在时 常见频度副词有:always(总是,一直),often, usually, never, sometimes等 地球围绕着太阳转:The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实。 公交车来了:Here comes the bus.以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

2、一般过去时 有确定的时间状语,如:yesterday, two days ago, last+年/月/星期,the other day, just now, in the old days, the day before yesterday(前天),this morning/afternoon, at the age of+过去年龄段,when引导的状语从句(过去),at+过去时间点,in+过去的年份等。 3、一般将来时 常用时间副词:tomorrow, soon,(today, tonight)时间状语短语:next year/week/month, in a few days, in the future等。 构成:will/shall+动词原形,be going to+动词原形,表示打算和预测。 特殊情形: be to+动词原形,表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。如:She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴。 用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。 用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。 be about to+动词原形,表示即将要发生的事。 4、现在进行时 常与look, listen, now连用 5、过去进行时 the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等标志性词语,主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作。 6、现在完成时: 常见时间状语:always, yet, just, ever, before,these days, recently, in the past/few时间段,since+时间点,for+时间段等。 构成:have/has+动词的过去分词 7、过去完成时 8、过去将来时 Would+动词原形

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 (一)现在分词的定义: 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。 (二)现在分词的功能与用法: 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如: The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get make 注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有: interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的

八年级英语动词过去式及过去分词归纳大全(

八年级英语动词过去式及过去分词归纳choose 选择chose- chosen (分类)build (建造)built- built forget forgot-forgotten (1)AAA 型(动词原形、过去式、lend (借出)lent -lent freeze (结冰)froze- frozen 过去分词同形)send (传送)sent -sent speak (说)spoke -spoken cost (花费)cost cost spend (花费)spent -spent wake (醒)woke- woken cut (割)cut cut lose (丢失)lost- lost drive (驾驶)drove- driven hit (打)hit hit burn (燃烧)burnt -burnt eat (吃)ate- eaten hurt 伤害)hurt hurt learn (学习)learnt- learnt fall (落下)fell- fallen let (让)let let mean (意义)meant -meant give (给)gave- given put (放)put put catch (抓住caught- caught rise (升高)rose -risen read (读)read read teach (教)taught- taught take (取)took- taken hide spread (伸展/ 传播) spread bring(带来brought- brought hide (躲藏)hid -hidden spread fight (战斗)fought- fought buy (买)bought- bought ride (骑)rode- ridden write (写)wrote- written (2)AAB 型(动词原形与过去think (想)thought -thought do (做)did -done 式同形)hear (听见)heard -heard go (去)went -gone beat (跳动)beat beaten sell (卖)sold- sold tell (告诉) told -told lie (撒谎/躺)lay- lain see (看见)saw- seen (3)ABA 型(动词原形与过去find (找到)found found wear (穿)wore- worn 分词同形)have/has(有) had had tear (撕裂)tore - torn become-became -become make (制造)made made bear (生育,忍受) bore- born come- came- come run- ran -run stand (站)stood stood leave (离 开)left- left feel (感觉)felt- felt be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been (4)ABB 型(过去式与过去分smell (闻)smelt- smelt 词同形)smell (闻)smelled smelled dig (挖)dug -dug spell(拼写)spelt- spelt get- got- got forget forget spell(拼写)spelled-spelled forget-forgot-foegot understand-understood- understood hang 吊死hanged hanged hang (悬挂)hung- hung (5)ABC 型(动词原形、过去 hold (抓住)held- held 式与过去分词三者不同形) lay (产卵) laid- laid said- begin (开始)began- begun pay (付款)paid-paid drink (喝)drank drunk sink say (说)said- said sink (沉下) sank-snuk shine (照耀)shone -shone ring (铃响)rang- rung sit (坐)sat- sat sing (唱)sang- sung win (赢)won -won swim (游泳)swam- swum meet (遇见)met- met feed blow (吹)blew- blown feed (饲养)fed- fed draw (画)drew- drawn keep (保持)kept- kept fly (飞)flew- flown sleep (睡)slept- slept grow (生长)grew- grown sweep (扫)swept- swept know (知道)knew- known feel (感觉)felt- felt throw (投掷)threw- thrown smell (闻)smelt- smelt show 出示showed- shown leave (离开)left- left break (打破)broke- broken

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