专业英语期中作业

专业英语期中作业

10级化学三班 201001010333 李倩

1．From Elements to Clusters: The Periodic Table Revisited Virtuallyeveryonewhohasbeenexposedtoascienti?csubject has heard the name “Mendeleev”, the individual credited with devising the periodic law. Concepts leading to the periodic table1 canbetracedtoanumberofearlyobservations,amongthe

?rstbeingcuriousrelationshipsbetweenthemolecularweightsof various compounds determined by a German chemist, Johann Doebereiner (Goethe’s chemistry teacher). His ?ndings, which predatedMende leev’sdiscoverybysome50years,wereaprelude to the periodicity noted. Prior to J. J. Thomson’s discovery of the electron, all of the observations were based on atomic weights and the occasional discovery of numerous elements whose weights or properties ?t th e periodic relationships based on Mendeleev’s predictions.

2.Ag(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Application

N-Heterocyclic carbenes have received a great deal of attention within the last 15 years. They have been investigated for several purposes but are most promi- nent in the field of catalysis. The development of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of silver has mainly come about by the discovery of the transmetalation from silver NHCs to other metal NHC systems. Silver N-heterocyclic carbenes, unlike other metal NHC systems, can be synthesized without the need for anaerobic conditions. The ease with which silver NHCs can be synthesized and undergo transmeta- lation has made it and continues to make it the most attractive route in the development of many metal NHC systems.

The structural study of silver NHCs has led to a diverse field of bonding motifs in the solid state. The silver-carbene interaction remains, in general, con- sistent from one bonding motif to another. The only exception to this is when the N-heterocyclic carbene bridges two silver cations. Argentophillic and silver- halide interactions play key roles in the formation of the structurally diverse silver NHC chemistry. The restraints of the ligand, sterics and flexibility (for multidentate ligands), are also factors that determine the outcome of the reaction. However, more study needs to be done to establish the rel- evance of these potential catalysts.

3. Metal/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Opportunities for the Development of Anticancer Metallodrugs

Metal-NHCs affect mitochondria by inhibiting TrxT and other proteins. The possibility of using novel azolium precursors and various metals should offer interesting perspectives for the rapid and selective construction of libraries of high molecular diversity and complexity, and could be achieved by pre-[9a] or post- functionalization[9b–e] synthetic paths or by using the auto functionalization of CuI-NHCs bearing azides,[9f] thus provid- ing a basis for the design and development of metal-based drugs associated with unprecedented biological targets.

4.GOLD-TREE

Eucalyptus trees may translocate Au from mineral deposits and support the use of vegetation (biogeochemical) sampling in mineral exploration, particularly where thick sediments dom- inate. However, biogeochemistry has not been routinely adopted partly because biotic mechanisms of Au migration are poorly understood. For example, although Au has been previously measured in plant samples, there has been doubt as to whether it was truly absorbed rather than merely adsorbed on the plant surface as aeolian contamination. Here we show the ?rst evidence of particulate Au

within natural specimens of living biological tissue (not from laboratory experimentation). This observation conclusively demonstrates active biogeochemical adsorption of Au and provides insight into its behaviour in natural samples. The con?rmation of biogeochemical adsorption of Au, and of a link with abiotic processes, promotes con?dence in an emergin g technique that may lead to future exploration success and maintain continuity of supply.

科学家最初发现，生长在地下约35米处存在金矿的土壤中的桉树，其叶片上的金元素浓度，比生长在800米外的桉树叶片高20倍。研究人员也已证实，树实际上是从土壤中吸收金属，并最终沉积到叶片上。但这一研究并不适合所有地区，植物探矿也需进一步实践研究。

5.气溶胶

气溶胶是悬浮在大气中固体粒子或液态小滴物质的统称。

雾、烟、霾、霭和烟雾等，都是天然的或人为的原因造成的大气气溶胶。

6. 2013年诺贝尔化学奖

2013年诺贝尔化学奖被授予了美国科学家马丁?卡普拉斯、迈克尔?莱维特、阿里耶?瓦谢尔，以表彰他们“在开发多尺度复杂化学系统模型方面所做的贡献”。

在三位获奖者的研究中，他们将便于计算化学反应过程、但只适于小分子的量子物理学和计算简单且能为大分子建模、但无法模拟化学反应的经典物理学结合在一起，建立了一种多尺度复杂化学系统模型。三位化学家所做的研究工作为今天的研究工作奠定了坚实的基础，帮助人们加深了对化学过程的理解和预测。

7.抗体---药物偶联剂（ADCs）的研究进展

抗体---药物偶联剂（ADCs）将基于抗体的免疫疗法与基于化学药物的化学疗法结合在一起，充分协同发挥抗体药物和化学药物各自的优点，利用抗体对靶细胞的特异性结合能力，输送对癌细胞具有高度杀伤效力的小分子高细胞毒性化学药物，以此来实现对癌变细胞的有效杀伤。

8.荧光探针

使用荧光染料溶液如Ardrox、Basic Yellow 40或罗丹明6G（Rhodamine 6G）作为着色剂，与邻苯二醛一起和蛋白质或氨基酸发生反应，产生高荧光性物质，从而使不易被肉眼观察到的物象清晰的显现出来。这一研究适用于众多的刑事调查中，用来帮助警察找出潜伏的指纹，协助案件的调查侦破。

9.化学元素周期表

化学元素周期表中，重点讲解了有关重金属的内容。所谓重金属是指密度在4.5g/cm3以上的金属。原子序数从23(V)至92(U)的天然金属元素有60种，除其中的6种外，其余54种的相对密度都大于4.5g/cm3，因此从相对密度的意义上讲，这54种金属都是重金属。但是真正划入重金属的金属元素有：铜、铅、锌、锡、镍、钴、锑、汞、镉和铋及U235。

其中铝、汞、铅及U235对人体伤害很大，在日常生活中应尽量避免这些重金属的摄入，尤其要远离极具辐射性的U235。

2013年诺贝尔化学奖

2013年诺贝尔化学奖授予马丁?卡普拉斯（左）、迈克尔?莱维特（中）、阿里耶?瓦谢勒。

卡普拉斯、莱维特和瓦谢勒研究的开创性在于，他们让经典物理学与迥然不同的量子物理学在化学研究中“并肩作战”。以前，化学家必须二选其一。依靠用塑料棒和杆创建模型的经典物理学方法的优势在于计算简单且能为大分子建模，但其无法模拟化学反应。而如果化学家选择使用量子物理学计算化学反应过程，但巨大的计算量使得其只能应付小分子。为此，在20世纪70年代，这三位科学家设计出这种多尺度模型，让传统的化学实验走上了信息化的快车道。

多尺度复杂化学系统模型的出现无疑翻开了化学史的“新篇章”。化学反应发生的速度堪比光速。刹那间，电子就从一个原子核跳到另一个原子核，以前，对化学反应的每个步骤进行追踪几乎是不可能完成的任务。而在由这三位科学家研发出的多尺度模型的辅助下，化学家们让计算机做“做帮手”来揭示化学过程。例如，在模拟药物如何同身体内的目标蛋白耦合时，计算机会对目标蛋白中与药物相互作用的原子执行量子理论计算；而使用要求不那么高的经典物理学来模拟其余的大蛋白，从而精确掌握药物发生作用的全过程。

诺贝尔化学奖评选委员会在当天发表的声明中说，现在，对化学家来说，计算机是同试管一样重要的工具，计算机对真实生命的模拟已为化学领域大部分研究成果的取得立下了“汗马功劳”。通过模拟，化学家能更快获得比传统实验更精准的预测结果。[ 目前，三位科学家的研究成果，已经应用于废气净化及植物的光合作用的研究中，并可用于优化汽车催化剂、药物和太阳能电池的设计。化学是一门与生活息息相关的学科，身为化学生，我们应以他们为榜样，乐于探究，勤于思考，善于发现，运用所学为社会造福，为科技进步贡献自己的一份力量。

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计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考） 计算机专业英语作业1 第1－3章作业一．( 词汇) (一)．(写出下列词组的汉语。) 1．（）中央处理器 2 标题栏 3．操作系统4．个人计算机 5．菜单栏6．桌面排版 7．电子表格8．硬盘 9．数据库10．光标 (二)．.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．随机存储器2．只读存储器 3．传输控制协议P 4．数字视频光盘5．通用串行总线6．计算机辅助设计7．计算机辅助制造8．中央处理器 (三)．.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。) 1．键盘2．鼠标3．扫描仪 4．打印机5．输入6．输出 7．显示器8．存储器9．数据库 10．操作系统11．应用软件 12．字处理器13．网络浏览器 二．(T) (F).(判断正误。) 1．, . (√)

2．'s . (√) 3．: . (√) 4． a 2000 . (×) 5．( ) a . (√) 6. , a . (√) 7. , ’s . (×) 8. ’t . (×) 9. . (×) 10. . (×). 三．.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。) （一）． 1. （） a. 操作系统 2. b. 输入. 3. ( ) c. 只读存储器 4. ( ) d. 应用软件 5. e. 中央处理器 6. f. 系统软件 7. g. 硬件 8. h. 随机存储器 9. i. 内存 10. j. 输出 1．e 6. j 2．g 7．a 3．h 8. d 4．c 9. f 5．b 10. i (二) ． 1. a

2. b a 3. c 4 d a 0 1 5. e a 6. f 7. g 8. h a 9. i a 1．d 6. a 2．g 7．f 3．h 8. c 4．b 9. e 5．i 四．, . （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。） 1． () . , a . , . , , . , . 2. , , . , a a a , a , a , a . , , . a , , a . , 1-2-3 . a , a ( ) . 3.

专业英语作业

1. 获取更多信息如摘要的格式和类别,请参考附上的“提交摘要说明”。 For more information such as the format and the categories of the abstract, please refer to the attached “Instructions for Submission of Abstracts”. 2. 随信寄上两份论文摘要和一份个人简历，请查收。请便中告知我是否有资格申请大会的资助。 We are enclosing two copies of paper and a resume, please check. Please inform me if there are eligible to apply for funding of the conference. 3.非常感谢你的信息和对GEC2004感兴趣。不幸的是我们对参与者不提供任何财务援助。对组织会议有很大帮助的人将会提供一些金融帮助,例如给主题演讲或教程,组织一个邀请会话等。 Thank you very much for your message and for your interest in GEC2004. Unfortunately we can’t offer any financial assistance for regular participants. There will be some financial help available only for people who give considerable help in organizing the conference, e.g. giving a keynote lecture or a tutorial, organizing an invited session, etc. 4. 感谢你的8月15日来信，邀请我去参加2003年1月25日至28日在密歇根州的Bellaire即将举行的“2003国际会议比较文学”。

第1学期《会计专业英语》作业

作业说明 1.用16开纸（184×260mm）打印题目，上、下、左、右各设2CM边距； 答案必须手写。 2. 作业模板如下页所示：

2012-2013学年第1学期《专业英语》作业 专业：班级：任课教师：丘永政 姓名：学号：成绩： I. Analyzing transactions and preparing financial statements Holden Graham started The Graham Co., a new business that began operations on May 1. The Graham Co. completed the following transactions during Require d： 1.Prepare an income statement for May, a May 31 balance sheet. a statement of cash flows for May. 2.These statements are given as follows

THE GRAHAM CO. Income Statement THE GRAHAM CO. Balance Sheet

THE GRAHAM CO. Statement of Cash Flows II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.Most U.S. companies are not directly affected by international accounting standards. International standards are put forth as preferred accounting practices. However, stock exchanges and other parties are increasing the pressure to narrow differences in worldwide accounting practices. International accounting standards are playing an important role in that process.

数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例 词组翻译 1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation 2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction 3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart 4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation 5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction 6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place 汉译英 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。 Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。

专业英语作业

PART1: Reading How to quickly read an English paper? Metalworking Glossary Cutting Tool Engineering, November, 2000, 209-238 The metalworking glossary defines terms common to those who cut and grind metals and other materials. The terms are divided into 11 categories: 1.Manufacturing Definitions; 2.Machining Operations; 3.Machine Tools and Ancillary Equipment; 4.Cutting Tools and Related Terminology 5.Coolants, Lubricants, and Related Terminology 6.Accessories and Attachments; 7.Alloys, Coatings, Material Compositions, and Related Terminology; 8.Heat-treating and Special Processes; 9.Inspection, Measurement, and Quality Control; 10.Robotics and Automated Assembly; 11.Nontraditional Machining How to Make Use of the Linguistic Features of Scientific Papers (科技论文的语言特点) 1.Linguistic Style(语体) 科学技术领域，科技工作者的任务： 描述自然现象 分析自然现象产生的规律 研究自然现象应用于人类生产实践 的方法 表达所取得的成果及其应用 思维形式：概念、公式或公式化的概念 思维活动的语言表达：按照严格的逻辑程序导 出的判断和推理，科技文体具有抽象性、概念 性和高度的逻辑性 内容：写实 语言风格：准确严谨、合乎逻辑，非形象性(理 性)、客观性、无明显感情色彩、简洁明快。Literature 1.Conference paper 2.Journal paper 3.Lecture 4.Book (Dissertation or Thesis) 5.Report (News) 6.Manual and Specification Paper and Experimental Report: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Results and Analysis, Conclusion and Discussion Book & Lecture: Title, Author(s), Name of the process or publisher, Name of the printing House, Name of the distributor, Date of publication, Date of printing, Synopsis, Note by the publisher, International Standard Book Number, Preface or Foreword, Acknowledgements, Contents, Text of the book, Appendix or Supplement, Index, Epilogue Manual and Instructions, Directions: Principle, Operation, Maintenance 2.Vocabulary Typically Professionalized Terms Whenever a force acts on a body so as to make the body move through some distance, it is said to have done work. Body n. 身体, 肉体, 人, 尸体, 主要部分, 团体, 大量vt. 赋以形体 机械专业n. 车身,机身

专业英语作业

学期作业题目：我的历史观 学院历史学院课程名称专业英语学号20090867 姓名许静指导教师孙艳萍 2010 年8 月20 日

我的历史观 1、我的历史观本身就是一小段历史，但是这段历史并非属于我自己，他主要是其他人的历史，这是因为，作为一名学者，其毕生的工作就是要将自己的那桶水填入那条浩瀚的知识海洋中去，而这条河就是靠无数桶诸如此类的水养育的。如果我个人的历史观赋予启发性，或确实易懂，我的这种历史观必然在它的起源，发展以及社会和个人背景来呈现。 2、人类思想凝视宇宙的视角多种多样，为什么我是一名历史学家而不是哲学家或者是物理学家？同样的原因可以用来解释为什么我喝茶或咖啡不加糖。两种习惯由我母亲的影响下在我年少不更的孩童时代已经形成了。因为我母亲在我之前就是一名历史学家，所以我是一名历史学家，然而同时我一时是我与母亲不属于同样的学派，为什么我没有完全追随我的母亲呢？ 3、首先，我和我母亲不是一代人。因此当1914年历史将我们这一代人的脖子掐住之时，我的思想尚未僵固定型。其次由于与母亲所受的教育相比，我所受的教育更为保守。我母亲属于英国在现代西方是英国第一代接受大学教育的妇女。她在西方现代史方面是当代新教育的第一代人。以英国民族为主要的指导方针。在那个时期她的儿子进入了老式英国公立学校开始受教育，不管在那里还是在伦敦和牛津，几乎完全是希腊拉丁古典学。 4对于任何一位将要从事历史研究的人来说----特别是对于出生在这些时代的人来说，在我看来，古典教育能使人受益匪浅，作为思想训练的场所，希腊罗马世界的历史有着它显著的优点的。首先，希腊罗马史不以清晰地呈现在我们脑海里，而且我们不以从整体上来看待，因为这段历史已经终结了。与之相对比的是我们自己西方世界的历史，是我们仍然没有终结的戏剧，我们不知道喜剧的的结局。作为我们的临时演员在她那拥挤骚动的舞台上，我们甚至不能从自己的角度观看到当前的全貌。 5其次，希腊罗马这个领域没有大量的信息所阻碍或遮挡。因此我们能够看到这片森林----这是因为从希腊罗马社会消亡到我们这个社会出现之前的这一段空档期里，树木是出奇的稀疏，另外现存的便于管理的大量资料没有被地方性公国的公文在数量上没有超过西方世界的这样的资料。在前原子弹时代的数个世纪里，已成吨的大量现存的研究希腊罗马历史的资料不仅在数量上便于管理而且在质量上也是精选的。这些材料在性质上也是十分均衡的。在这里，雕像、诗歌和哲学著作的价值要远远高于哪些法律文书和条约文本。这也在受过希腊罗马史教育的历史学家心中滋生出一种意识；这是由于艺术家和文学家的作品比商人、士兵、政治家的事迹要更能经受住时间的考验，诗人和哲学家要胜过历史学家；然而先知家和圣人又比前面所有人更胜一筹。借助荷马和修昔底德的美妙词句，阿伽门农和伯里克利的灵魂依然出没于这个世界。虽然说荷马和修昔底德的著作如今已不再有人阅读，但可以有把握的语言对我们来说几乎难以置信的久远的那个年代人的心目中，基督，佛陀和苏格拉底必将依旧栩栩如生。 6、第三，或许希腊罗马历史最大的优点在于它的事业是全球性的而不是地方性的，可能雅典使斯巴达和罗马的萨莫奈黯然失色，然而雅典在其鼎盛时期成为全希腊的楷模。同时罗马在她的晚期，希腊罗马世界进入了单一的帝国。纵观希腊罗马史，统一都是主旋律。当我一直听这部伟大的交响乐时，我就不再害怕被本国的地方史那单一、古怪的音乐所迷惑。从前母亲成宿的分期给我讲述本国史时，我母亲那一代人教授历史的助教和教师不仅在英国本土而且在数个西方国家他们都大力提倡对民族史的研究。并错误地认为这与他们国民的生活更为密切。因此在某种意义上来说与其它地方史和时代历史相比本国的地方史是更易被他们所了解的历史。尽管事实上耶稣的巴勒斯坦和柏拉图的希腊比阿尔弗烈德大帝或者伊莉莎白女王时期的英国，维多利亚时代的英国人的生活影响更为强大。 7、然而尽管这样英国历史特殊推崇----这与尊者彼得英国历史之父的精神大相径庭，