必修3unit1单词学习1

Step 1. 检查上节课布置的作业五星级强化训练Level 1 Test 1.

Step 2. 单词学习：

词的构成主要有三种：合成、转化、派生

合成词：指两个或更多的词合成一个词，其合成的方式有：1.直接写在一起；2.用连字符连接；3.由2个分开的词构成

合成形容词

一、形容词开头的合成形容词

1. 形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热

2. 形容词+名词：first-class头等的; full-time全部时间的，专任的; part-time部分时间的，兼职的。

3. 形容词+现在分词：good-looking漂亮的，美貌的；free-thinking具有自由思想的

4. 形容词+过去分词：ready-made现成的，做好的。

5. 形容词+名词-ed：good-tempered脾气好的，敦厚的；middlle-aged中年的，cold-blooded冷血的

二、名词开头的合成形容词

1. 名词+名词-ed：iron-willed意志坚强的

2. 名词+形容词：world-famous世界闻名的；day-long长达一天的

3. 名词+现在分词：beauty-loving爱美的；freedom-loving热爱自由的，job-hunting求职的，找工作的；

time-saving节省时间的；time-consuming耗费时间的

4. 名词+过去分词：man-made人造的，人为的；water-covered被水覆盖的

三、副词开头的合成形容词

1. 副词+形容词：ever-green常青的

2. 副词+现在分词：hard-working勤勉的，努力工作的；far-seeing有远见的

3. 副词+过去分词：well-prepared准备充分的；quickly-cured很快就治愈的；well-known众所周知的，

著名的

四、数词开头的合成形容词

1. 数词+名词：five-year五年的

2. 数词+名词+形容词：five-year-old五岁的

3. 数词+名词-ed：four-legged四条腿的；six-storied六层楼高的

Step 3. 复习必修3 unit 1

重要知识点的复习

一、朗读单词，明确重点单词和短语

二、分析课文Reading

1. take place

E.g.: What does the ceremony take place?

We have never discovered what took place that night.

英语中表示“发生”的词都是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。

take one’s place/ take the place of sb./ sth.代替某人某物

2. starve挨饿

starve to death饿死

be starved of/ starving for渴望，缺乏

3. do harm 损害，危害（与do good相对）

4. in memory of纪念，追念

in honour of出于对……的敬意，为纪念……

5. dress up 盛装打扮

6. trick 诡计，花招，欺骗

play a trick on sb.对某人使用诡计，诈骗某人

7. gain获得，赢得

8. award 奖品，奖，奖学金vt.授予；判定

9. admire 钦佩，赞美

10. look forward to期望，期盼

11. as though/ as if好像、仿佛（注意其使用时的虚拟语气和陈述语气）

12. have fun （with）和某人玩得开心

make fun of sb./sth嘲笑某人/某事

13. be proud of 以……为自豪，以……为骄傲

三、分析课文Extensive Reading

1.either……or……

连接2个并列的成分，表示两者之一。

连接2个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即就近原则。

例句：Either you or I am to blame.

2. with 复合结构：with+宾语+宾补

宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况，如sleep with the windows open. 做补语的词有n. /adj. / to do /-ing / -ed /介词短语等等。

例句：They named the child Jimmy.（名词做宾补）

I found the book very interesting. （形容词短语做宾补）

He wants me to read this passage. (不定式短语做宾补)

I have guests coming. （现在分词做宾补，表主动意义，与宾语是主动关系）

Can I have this bag weighed here? (过去分词做宾补，表被动意义，与宾语是被动关系)

I found everything in good condition. （介词短语做宾补）

3. as though = as if 引导表语从句或方式状语从句，从句中既可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。

例句：It looks as if it is going to rain. (陈述语气)

They talked as if they were old friends for ages. (虚拟语气).

4.It is + adj. + that ……It 做形式主语，that从句才是真正的主语。另外还有v-ing. v.-to do 也可做真正主语。

例句：It is not known yet whether they will come today. (It 作形式主语，whether从句做真正的主语) It is said that he’s got married.（此句还用到被动语态）

It is not easy to learn English well.(不定式做主语)

It is no use arguing with him.(v-ing做真正主语)

5.while引导的时间状语从句

as, when, while都可以引导时间状语从句，但三者是有区别的。

①as多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”。有时还有“随着”的意思。

例句：As I was going out, it began to rain.(as强调两个动作紧接着发生，不强调开始下雨的特定时间，故须用as,不用when)

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. (随着)

②when 表示特定时间

例句：When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.(此处when表示特定时间，在这个意义上可以与as互换。)

③while也表同一时间，它表示的时间不是一点，而是一段。上句中的when改为while的话，则强调他吃早餐的过程。

6. remind sb. of sth. 或remind sb. that……使某人想起某事

remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人去做某事

例句：What you’ve just said reminds me that I must get some cash.

This scene reminded me of my childhood.

Please remind him to start earlier.

语法的复习

情态动词（一）

情态动词只有情态意义，即它表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等等。

情态动词的特点：

1>在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有过去式

can - could

may – might

shall – should

will – would

must – must

ought to – ought to

have to – had to

2>在用法上，情态动词不能单独做谓语。

3>在意义上，大部分情态动词是多义的。

一、can / could

1. 表能力= be able to

can 指现在和将来，could指过去。如果需要表示更多的时态，如完成时、非谓语形式等，用be able to.

例句：

●I can’t play basketball now, but I could when I was young.（现在与过去的情况）

●Can you come to the meeting?（可用在疑问句中）

★can / could和be able to的区别：

①can只有现在时和过去时could, 而be able to 则有更多的时态变化，在完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to.

②can 一般指自身具有的能力或天生具有的能力，而be able to 则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do 或succeed in doing.

例句：

●I can speak Japanese, but I can’t write it.

●This time I failed in the exam, but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time.(更丰富的时态变化和暗示经过努力)

2. 表许可

can /could 均可以表示许可，could的语气更委婉。给予许可用can, 不允许用can’t.

例句：

●- Can you lend me a hand?

- Of course.

●- Could I interrupt a moment?(更委婉的请求)

- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. (给予允许用can,不允许用can’t)

●You can borrow my bike tomorrow. (给予许可)

3. 表猜测。

用来表示惊讶、怀疑等态度。常用于疑问句、否定句、感叹句中。could的可能性比can小。

例句：●Can it be true?

●Could it be true?(较不确定)

●It can’t be true. (表不大可能)

●It couldn’t be true.（较不确定）

●What can/could they have gone?他们会到哪里去了呢？

●He can’t/couldn’t have finished so much work in so short a time.（不可能）

4. 表示理论或习惯上的可能性。

例句：●Accidents can happen at any time.

●It could be very interesting to go out for a drive.(could 比can可能性小)

●The moon cannot always be at full.

二、may / might

1.表许可。

= can/ could。may较正式些，而can较口语化。might 比may语气更委婉客气。给予许可用may/can, 不允许用can’t/mustn’t。

例句：

●May/Might I use your bike ?

●- May I come in ?

- Yes, you may/can.

- No, you can’t/mustn’t.

- No, you’d better not.

2.表推测。

用在肯定句和否定句中。might比may的可能性小。may not表示―可能不‖之意。

例句：

●It may be a trick.

●He may not be at home.（可能不）

●T hey might have been killed by radiation.他们可能死于辐射。

3.表祝愿。

仅may。且用在祈使句中。

例句：●May you succeed !

●May God bless you !

三、will / would

1.表请求、建议。

用在第二人称疑问句中，would比will 语气更委婉。

例句：●Will/Would you call back later, please?

2.表意愿、决心.

would 表示过去的意愿和决心,通常用于间接引语中。否定式表示拒绝，―不愿意‖、―不乐意‖之意。如果否定式的主语是物，则表示“不起作用”。

例句：●I will never do that again.

●She said she would take care of the child.(间接引语中) 她说她愿意照顾小孩。

●I won’t argue with you.（否定式）我不愿意和你争论。

●No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.

●The drawer won’t shut.抽屉关不上了。（主语是物，表示不起作用）

3.表习惯性动作。

意为“经常、总是”。would表示过去习惯性的动作和倾向。

例句：●John will fall asleep in church.约翰做礼拜时老睡觉。

●On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。

★would do和used to 的区别：

①would do和used to都表示“过去常常”。但would do仅表示过去的习惯动作，不能表状态，也不能表示一次性动作。而used to既可以表示动作又可以表示状态，表动作时用used to do sth.。表状态时用be used to (doing) sth.。（be可以由其他系动词代替，如get ,become等，且有多种时态，如will be used to doing sth,/has been used to doing sth.）

例句：

●When we were children we used to/would go skating every winter.

●He used to get up early.= He was used to getting up early

●I used to have an old car.(注意此处不能用would)

②used to 暗示现在已经不再做或不再有那种状态。而would则表示现在既有可能还如此，也有可能不再那样。

例句：●He would get up at eight. (现在可能不这样了)

●He used to get up at eight. (现在不再这样了)

4.表猜测。

对目前情况的推测用will be (doing) sth.，对将来完成的动作的推测用will have done . would是will的过去式。

例句：●This will be the school, I believe.我想这大概就是那所学校。

●Hurry up. They will be waiting.快点，他们一定在等我们哩。

●You will have heard the news, I’m sure.我想你大概听说了这个消息。

●It would be about 4 o’clock in the morning when he arrived home.

5.表能力和客观事实。

例句：●The hall will seat 100 persons.这个大厅能坐下100人。

●Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死。

四、shall / should

做助动词时，should是shall 的过去时，但做情态动词时，两者是不同的两个词。

1. shall

①表征求意见(过去时用should)。

用于一、三人称的疑问句中。

例句：●What shall we do this evening? Shall we go to the theatre?(一人称)

●What shall he do next?(三人称)

●Professor Li asked if he should get his visa on time李教授问他能否准时拿到签证。（从句因受主句时态影响用了过去时）

②表命令、许诺、警告、宣布规定。

用于二、三人称的肯定句、否定句中。

例句：●You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

●You shall do as you see me do.(命令)

●He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(许诺)

●The fine shall be paid in cash.（宣布规定）

2. should

①表劝告、建议、义务

其同义词是ought to，在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to,意为“应该”。还常用在虚拟语气中。

例句：●You shouldn’t have told him the news..你本不该告诉他这个消息。（虚拟语气）

●Sal suggested that we should go for a swim.萨尔建议我们去游泳。（建议）

●You should complete your test by yourself.(义务)

②表推测。

暗含很大可能性，往往有一定的依据。

例句：

●The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部影片是一流演员主演的，可能拍的很好。

●The roads should be less crowded today.

四、must

1.表“必须”之意。

疑问句的回答肯定用must,否定用needn’t或don’t have to.

例句：

●You must come and see us when you’re in London.你到伦敦后应当来看我们（建议）

●You must talk to your daughter about her future.(义务)

●- Must I come back before ten?

- Yes, you must.

- No, you needn’t/don’t have to.

2.否定式mustn’t是“禁止”、“不允许”之意。

例句：●You mustn’t lend the new book to others.

●Drivers mustn’t drive after drinking.严禁司机酒后驾车。

3.指感情色彩，“偏偏、偏要”。

常指不愉快之事。

例句：●Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏偏要在星期天下雨？

4.表推测。

只用于肯定句的推测。若是否定情况的推测，不能用mustn’t，而应该用can’t/couldn’t。例句：

●He must be at the library.

●- I think the news must be true.

- No, it can’t be true.

五、情态动词+have done

1.could have done 过去本能够做，但实际上未做……。

2.can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做了……(表推测)

3.may/might have done可能做了……（表推测）

4.must have done 一定做了……（表推测）

5.should have done 本该做，但实际上未做

6.shouldn’t have done 本不该做，但实际上做了

以上必须记住的是1、5、6，因他们已经是固定形式短语了，具有独有的意义。

例句：

●You could have come 5 minutes earlier.你本能够早来5分钟。

●You should have started earlier.你本该早点出发。

●You shouldn’t have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。

本章任务：请以表格形式归纳本章的知识点。

巩固练习：情态动词填空并说出它们在句中的意义,注意体会句子的感情色彩。

1. _______ you shout so loudly?

2. _______ you be happy.

3. _______ we go skating now?

4. It ______ be Jack. He has gone to Shanghai.

5. The door _____ open. There must be something wrong with it.

6. You _____ have studied hard at your work.

7. Someone has taken away my dictionary. Who _____ it be?

8. Poor as he was, he ______ help others, like Lei Feng.

9. Walking on the street, we _____________ play with a ball, for it is dangerous.

10. Jack is the youngest among the children, so he _______ raise the box.

11. He _______ be working in his office at present , for the light is on.

12. I _____ help you if you need me.

13. Sam suggested that they _______ have a rest.

答案：

1. Must 偏偏，偏要，多指不愉快之事

2. May 祝愿

3. Shall 征求意见，用在一三人称疑问句中，若是二人称则用will/would

4. can’t 表推测，不可能

5. won’t 以物做主语表示不起作用

6. should should have done结构，本该做某事

7. can 表猜测，常用在疑问句中。

8. would 表示经常做某事，根据语境，he was，这里应用过去时

9. mustn’t /shouldn’t 表示禁止做某事，或者表示义务责任

10. can’t 表自身能力，根据语境要用否定式

11. must 表推测，根据语境，这里的可能性是非常大的

12. will 表承诺、许诺。而shall表许诺时用在二三人称

13. should 表建议。而will表建议时用在疑问句中。

情态动词（二）

一、ought to

1.表义务= should

意为―应该，应当‖，无人称、数的变化

例句：You ought to take care of your parent.

2.表推测

语气较肯定，通常指的是一种合乎逻辑的可能性，语气比must弱。

例句：They ought to be at work by now.到现在为止他们应该在上班。

3.ought to 的否定形式为ought not to 或者oughtn’t to

例句：● You oughtn’t to smoke so much!

● -Ought I to leave tomorrow?

- Yes, you ought to.

No, you don’t have to.

4.在反意疑问句中，ought(n’t) to 中的to 要省去，在美语中常用shouldn’t 代替oughtn’t

例句：We ought to go now, oughtn’t / shouldn’t we?

5.ought to have done = should have done―本该做（而未做）‖，否定式表示―本不该做（却做了）‖

例句：● You ought to / should have asked him.

● We oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have told him the news.

[注]：ought to 往往与should同义，在生活交际中人们多用后者，但有时ought to有针对性，should 则表示一般的忠告，试比较

We ought not to tell falsehoods.我们不该说谎话。

We should not tell falsehoods.我们不应该说谎话。

二、have to

例句：We must depend on ourselves. (自己的选择，主观)

You will have to wash your own clothes when you join the army.(没有选择，客观)

You don’t have to go now.

You mustn’t go out alone at night.

● -Must I do it at once?

-Yes, you have to / must.

No, you don't have to / needn’t.

三、need

表―需要‖或―必须‖，既可以作情态动词，又可以作实义动词。

1.作情态动词时，后跟不带to的不定式，只用于否定句和疑问句。

例如：● He needn’t pay for it.

● -Must I type this letter again?

-No, you needn’t / don’t have to。

Yes, you must / have to.

2.作实义动词时，有动词的全部形式：人称数、分词、时态等，后跟带to的不定式。用于一切句式。

[注]need作实义动词后跟不定式的被动形式，相当于跟v.-ing的主动形式。（该动词必须是vt.，如果是vi.，后应跟介词）

The house needs to be repaired.

needs repairing.

needs 可换成wants/requires

3.needn’t have done本没必要做（而实际却做了）

四、总结情态动词+have done

肯could have done 本可以做

should have done 本应跟做

否needn’t have done 本没必要做

shouldn’t have done 本不应该做

其它can't / couldn’t have done （推测）不可能做了

may / might have done (推测)可能做了

must have done (推测)一定做了

五、练习

1.判断下列句中情态动词的意义。例如：Shall we go skating now?-表征求意见

1) He would get up at eight.

2) Will/Would you call back later, please?

3) I will never do that again。

4) The room will seat 100 persons.

5) It would be about 4 o’clock in the morning when he arrived home.

6) I can speak Japanese, but I can’t write it.

7) Can/Could you lend me a hand?

8) He is an honest man；he couldn’t be telling lies.

9) Accidents can happen at any time.

10) You may leave if you like.

11) He may not come today.

12) What shall we do this evening?

13) You shall fail if you don’t work hard.

14) The roads should be less crowded today.

15) He must be at the library.

16) Must you shout so loudly?

17) You shouldn’t have told him the news.

18) He can’t/couldn’t have finished so much work in so short a time.

19) You ought to have asked him.

20) She needn’t have come yesterday.

2.单项选择题

1.You _____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

A. must

B. mustn’t

C. have to

D. don’t have to

2.Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

A. needn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

3.-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?

-Well, it _____ be big——that’s not important.

A. mustn’t

B.needn’t

C.can’t

D.won’t

4.The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ____ go to work tomorrow.

A. can’t

B.mustn’t

C. need n’t

D.shouldn’t

5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job_____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours.

A. can; have to

B. may; can

C. have to; may

D. ought to; must

6. It is important to know about the cultural differences that ______ cause problems.

A. must

B. dare

C. need

D. may

7. –May I take this book out of the reading room?

-No, you _____. You read it in here.

A. mightn’t

B.won’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

8. Jack described his father, who _______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.

A. would be

B. would have done

C. must be

D.must have been

9.Just be patient. You _____ expect the world to change so soon.

A. can’t

B.needn’t

C. may not

D. will not

10. –I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

-Don’t worry, You _____ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

答案：1-5DABCA 6-10 DDDAB

Step 4. 考试测试卷第一单元

Step 5. 家庭作业：背熟今天复习到的词汇。五星级强化训练Level 2 Test 2