考验英语题源——徐老师送给2010考研同学的礼物2(吐血推荐)

Lesson 5The facts 确切数字

一、【Text】课文

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆editor n. 编辑

◆extreme n. 极端

◆statistics n. 统计数字

◆journalist n. 新闻记者

◆president n. 总统

◆palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

◆publish v. 出版

◆fax n. 传真

◆impatient adj. 不耐烦的

◆fire v. 解雇

◆originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

★editor n. 编辑

edit vt. 编辑

edition n.编辑

editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论

★extreme n. 极端

go to extreme(s) to do 走极端

Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.

He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world. go from one extreme to the other

★statistics n. 统计数字

★journalist n. 新闻记者

journalist (杂志) 新闻记者

reproter (电视台) 记者

correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员

★president n. 总统

★palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

★publish v. 出版

Eg: They have already published the magazine. = print vt.

Eg: the book has already been published.

The book has gone to press.

★fax n. 传真

sent a fax

★impatient adj. 不耐烦的

patient adj. 有耐心的

patiently adv. 有耐心地

impatient adj. 不耐烦的

impatiently adv. 不耐烦地

patience n.

impatience

★fire v. 解雇

He was fired from his job.

dismass (正式)

The manager disissed him from his company.

sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退

Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.

★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

original adj.

三、【课文精析】

go to extremes走极端

provide = supply 给…，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）

provede sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.

He provided them with a bed for the night.

He provided a bed for them for the night.

instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事

……a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new Africa n republic.?

主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.?

The teacher instructed him to take the examination.

on ==about 侧重强调课题专一

A book on radio

When the article arrived = When the editor received the article

refuse to publish it

refuse: vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）

decline: vt. 婉言谢绝

repudiate: vt. 断然拒绝

which 指代the high wall

instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况

set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing Eg: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years

take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间

It took me five days to write the article.

two more faxes = another two faxes

fail to

reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地

as it had originally been written = in its original way

倒装简述：

not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式

The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well. 1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。

Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。

Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。

常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner

2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装

Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。

Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.

只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。

3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。

not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until

Not in the least is he interested in Englsh literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。Not for an instant did i believe he had lied.

4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。

at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.…绝不?

Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。

On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。

5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。

He had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted

= he had asked for permission

be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth. ：请求允许，被允许

in which ----which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。

while he was counting…

leading to 现在分词，通向

the steps leading to the president?s palace

the road leading to the forest

fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式

which指代wall (避免和前面的句式结构相同)

Lesson 6 Smash-and grab 砸橱窗抢劫

一、【Text】课文

The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since 8 o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweler's. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆smash-and-grab n. 砸橱窗抢劫

◆arcade n. 有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

◆Piccadilly n. 皮卡迪利大街

◆jewellery n. 珠宝（总称）

◆necklace n. 项链

◆ring n. 戒指

◆background n. 背景

◆velet n. 天鹅绒，丝绒

◆headlight n. （汽车等）前灯

◆blare v. 发嘟嘟声，吼叫

◆staff n. 全体工作人员

◆raid n. 偷袭

◆scramble v. 爬行

◆fantastic adj. 非常大的

◆ashtray n. 烟灰缸

★smash-and-grab n. 砸橱窗抢劫

smash vt. break sth. into pieces violently vi. The dishes smashed on the floor. smash into: 撞击到某处

Eg: The bus smashed into a big tree.

grab: seize suddenly

catch: get hold of sth. / sbb. moving snatch: catch sth. / sb. suddenly and violently seize: 强调抓住、抓到的结果Fear seized her. grasp: 强调掌握

hold：强调抓牢、抓紧He is holding an umbrella. ★arcade n. 有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

★Piccadilly n. 皮卡迪利大街

★jewellery n. 珠宝（总称）

★necklace n. 项链

★ring n. 戒指

★background n. 背景

on the background of sth. 以什么为背景background information

a man of excellent background

★velet n. 天鹅绒，丝绒

★headlight n. （汽车等）前灯

★blare v. 发嘟嘟声，吼叫

★staff n. 全体工作人员

★raid n. 偷袭

★scramble v. 爬行

scramble vi. creep quickly

climb vt. 爬上

mount: 登上

★★★fantastic adj. 非常大的

fantastic: very great / large a fantastics of money

strange

wonderful

★ashtray n. 烟灰缸

三、【课文精析】

in a famous arcade near Piccadilly介词短语修饰shops

Eg: The shoe shop in myneighbourhood was just opening.

Eg: Beijing, our capital, is eveloping enormously (at fantastic speed ).

Key sentence:

‘After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop.’

运用ing形式结构，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致

本课的重点句式：with 的复合结构

如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用动词的ing形式：

如果是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补

如果表达某事将要展开发生，要用动词不定式to

She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.

She stood ther with her hands resting on her hips.

He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.

With his homework finished, he felt happy.

He used to sleep with all the windows open.

He went out with his hat on.

With the meeting over, we went home.

He came in with a knife in his hand.

Two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.

With a lot of work to do, he can?t go to the cinama.

总结：

with 用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等；如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词

a thief with atocking over his face

a teacher with a book under his arm

a room with the windows open

come to后面常接名词，表示达到

come to a stop, come to an end, come to a decision, come to an agreement, come to an understanding, come to success, come to fame

停车stop, draw up, pull up

at the barbar’s, at the butcher?s, at the baker?s, at the greengrocer?s. at the grocer?s, at the stationer?s, at the tobacconist?s, at the chemist?s

help oneself to:自便

help yourselt to dish

My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.

at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high(full) speed / with great speed

hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel数十万美元的珠宝

Word building

前缀构词法

如何运用常见的前缀

dis-

agreeable disagreeable content discontent

graceful dis graceful honest dis honest

satisfactory dissatisfactory

dis还可以加在名词前

agreement disagreement

honesty dishonesty

ability disability

grace disgrace

comfort discomfort

dis可以加在动词前

agree dis agree

appear disappear

believe disbelieve

dis-还可表示除去、解除，在名词前加dis-得到动词形式courage discourage

root disroot

mask dismask

burden disburden

il-加在以l开头的形容词之前

legal illegal logical illbogical

literate illiterate

im-加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前

possible impossible

mortal immotal

moral immoral

balanced imbalanced

ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前

regular irregular rational irrational

resistible irresistible

in-主要用于其他字母开头的词之前

human inhuman correct incorrect

justice injustice sinca\ere insincere

un-只能手于形容词和动词之前

不

happy unhappy friendly unfriendly

lucky unlucky

无

conditional unconditional limited unlited

非

official unofficial just unjust

未，主要用于过去分词之前

undecided unfinished unexpected unhurt

用于动词之前表示做相反的动作

lock unlock tie untie

cover uncover pack unpack

dress undress load unload

Lesson 7 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组

一、【Text】课文

Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they make mistakes like this (and a

lot of peole do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!

A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ￡3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding. When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautufully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash! John went to see his bank magnager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the secial department of the Band of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. ‘So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,’ said a spokeswoman for the Band. ‘Last year, we paid ￡1.5m on 21,000 claims.’

二、【New words and expressions】生词和短语

◆mutilate v. 使残缺不全

◆chew v. 咀嚼

◆fiancén.未婚夫

◆microwave n. 微波，微波炉

◆oven n. 炉灶

◆safekeeping n. 妥善保管

◆Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市）

◆identify v. 鉴别，识别

◆spokeswoman n. 女发言人

★mutilate v. 使残缺不全

vt. 经常用于被动语态

1，毁伤，残害。

He was mutilated in the accdient, and now has only one leg.

a multlated note

2, 把…搞砸了

You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes.

★chew v. 咀嚼

A lot of people love chewing gums.

Don?t bite off more than one can chew.不要自不量力

chew the fat: 聊天

chewed up：（俚）着急的，担心的

Don't get chewed up / about your examination.

★fiancé n.未婚夫

★microwave n. 微波，微波炉

micro- = tiny, very very small

microswitch, microfilm, microscope, microsecond, microphone, microbiology 反义前缀：macro- = great. large

★oven n. 炉灶

★safekeeping n. 妥善保管

keep sth. safe

Please keep your ID card safe

do evil:干坏事

evil doing

make trouble => trouble making

★Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市）

★identify v. 鉴别，识别

identify of sb. or sth.

He can?t identify the person.

identity: n.

So far thearcheologists have been unable to discover her identity. identification n.命名，确认

★spokeswoman n. 女发言人

三、【课文精析】

whiter than white====damaged, mutilated.损坏，残缺不全Fortunately for them luckly / happily for them 固定搭配

team组织

make a claim提出索赔

feed sth. to

concern:涉及到——is about

run a factory, run a company

I have a very good day. I have a good time

.

go horse-riding, go fishing, go hunting, go shopping beautifully-cooked wallet:用一种讽刺的口吻

turned to turned into become

who ----band manager

so long as: on condition that 表假设，只要

pay for:为…付款

We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.

on 强调对21000起索赔要求

pay off 还清，偿还

The couple have already paid their debts off.

pay back

1, 把钱归还回去pay money back

2, 报仇，报复pay somebody back

Lesson 8 A famous monastery

著名的修道院

一、【Text】课文

The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 247o metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy,for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to –30○and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the

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第二段 Why does this phenomenon revealed in the chart above？（疑问句加分点）There are numerous reasons accounting for it and I would like to explore a few of the most extraordinary ones here。Above all，I am strongly convinced that since technology and science progressing quickly in the past three decades（短句拉长加分点），some people give plenty of priority to material possessions and personal interests，therefore，a growing/increasing number of people prefer to do{原因一}。In addition，this is partly due to the fact that{原因二}。 第三段 In line with my personal thinking，there is one major equation are two major equations ought to be taken into account seriously（并列结构加分点）。On one hand，the general people ought to do{建议} reasonably。What is more，the relevant department ought to increase the benefit for people。Only if this measure these measures are/is adopted effectively can we live a better life。

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