构词法练习2
Affixation
1.Form negatives with each of the following words by using one of the following prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, non-, un-
smoker, capable, practical, obey, security, revevant, mature, ability, officially, willingness, legal, agreement, logical, loyal, convenient
2. Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with –en, -ify, -ize and then choose them to fill in the blanks in the sentences that below.
Hard horror modern memory false apology deep, glory, sterile length, intense, beauty, fat, sympathy
1). He ___________ for interrupting her.
2).She tried to ___________her room with posters and plants.
3) A study has been ordered into the feasibility of ___________ the airport’s main runway by two hundred meters.
4) However much they_______, they all felt it was her fault.
5) Soya is excellent food _________ cattle.
6) She laughed and that seemed to _________her voice.
7) Four thousand pound had been spent on _________________ the station.
8) __________ the bottles by immersing them in boiling water for 15minutes.
Conversion
Pick out the words which you think are converted in the following sentences and tell how they are converted.
1)We can’t stomach such insult.
2)Bill Gates roomed right next to me.
3)He wolfed down his lunch.
4)There is no come and go with her. 她很固执，很难说服。
5)I am one of his familiars.
6)Poor innocents!
7)She flatted her last note.
8)The engineers ahed and ouched at the new machines.
9)Come to the fire and have a warm.
10)He Hamleted at the chance and then regretted for it. (机会到来时，他犹豫不决，过后有懊
悔。)
11)These shoses were an excellent buy.
12)The song quickly became the hit of the country.
13)Women have an equal say in affairs at home.
5. 小船在河上碰礁遇难。The canoe Titanicked on a rock in the river. (Titanic是美国号称“永不沉没的巨轮”，1912年4月15日在大西洋触冰山沉没。）
Clipping
Restore the full forms of the following words and see how these clipped words are formed. Copter dorm, lab, gas, prof, ad
一. 名转动
1. 我们不能容忍这样的侮辱。We can’t stomach such an insult.
2. 谁雇佣你来干涉我的私事？Who has hired you to nose into my own business?
3. 你做了错事，现在你得承担后果。You have done wrong, and now will have to face the music.
4. 机会到来时，他犹豫不决，过后又懊悔。He Hamleted at the chance and then he regretted for it.
5. 小船在河上碰礁遇难。The canoe Titanicked on a rock in the river. (Titanic是美国号称“永不沉没的巨轮”，1912年4月15日在大西洋触冰山沉没。）
6. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了午饭。He wolfed down his lunch.
?7. 她没有因胆怯而退缩。She didn’t chicken out.
?8. 灾难紧追着海林不放。Misfortune dogged Hailin’s steps.
?9. 他们国家的物价象氢气球一样地急剧上升了。The prices ballooned in their country.
?10. 焦虑使他快步如飞。Anxiety winged his feet.
?11. 彩虹横跨天空。The rainbow bridged the sky.
?12. 他有礼貌地把来访者慢慢打发到门口。He politely edged the visitors to the door.
?13. 他读书度过此周末。He booked away the week-end.
?14. 他把计划搞到手，就乘直升飞机去首都。He got the plans and helicoptered to the
capital.
?二. 形转动
?15. 他使自己的声音坚定起来。He firmed his voice.（形转动）
?16. 我们用窗帘美化房间。We have curtains to pretty up the room.（形转动）
?三. 副转动
?17. 知识分子又受到了重视。The intellectuals are muched again.（副转动）
?18. 海军上将当场提升了这个年轻水手。The admiral upped the young seaman on the spot.（副
?转动）
?四. 感叹转动
?19. 我叔叔对整个计划嗤之以鼻。My uncle pooh-poohed the whole plan.（感叹转动）?20. 学生们对这个主意表示轻蔑。The students tut-tut the idea.（感叹转动）
?21. 工程师们对这台新机器“哎哟”、“啊呀”地大加赞赏。The engineers ahed and ouched at the
?new machine.（感叹转动）
?五. 复合词转动
?22. 她企图用甜言蜜语诱使他们走出来。She tried to sweet-talk them to come out.（形+名转动）
?23. 昨天我们举行秘密会议。We close-doored the meeting yesterday.（形+名转动）
?24. 他们抄近路到西湖。They short-cut their way to the West Lake.（形+名转动）
?25. 这点误会妨碍了他们的友谊。This misunderstanding short-circuited their friendship.(形+名
?转动）
?26. 我想明天溜达看看商店橱窗。I’d like to window-shop tomorrow. （名+名转动）?27. 马上干起来！别再想入非非了。Be up and doing! Don’t day-dream any longer. (名+名转动)
?六. 动转名
?28. 她很固执，很难说服。There is no come and go with her. (动转名)
?29. 你最好再想一想。You had better have another think. (动转名)
?30. 这件外衣买得好。The coat is a good buy. (动转名)
?31. 你是这里最优秀的人。You are the pick of the basket here. (动转名)
?32. 如要磋商成功，必须双方让步。There must be give and take if the negotiations are to succeed. (动转名)
?33. 对你来说，这是一件必须做的事。For you this is a must.（动转名）
?34. 对大多数访问北京的外宾来说，万里长城是必游之地。The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.
?35. 这是一部重新摄制的影片。This film is a remake. (动转名)
?七. 副转名
?36. 他浮沉一生，坎坷不平。There are ups and downs in his life.（副转名）
?37. 他知道这件事情里里外外。（或：他了解这事的内情底细。）He knew the ins and outs of the matter. (副转名)
?38. 我们必须对每件事情问个为什么。We must go into the hows and whys of everything. （副转名）
?八. 形转名
?39. 我是他的熟人之一。I’m one of his familiars.（形转名）
?40. 她是个古怪的女人。She is a queer. (形转名)
?九. 其它
?41. 你要一杯放糖的茶还是不放糖的茶？Would you like a with or a without? （介转名）?42. 在这个城市的人看来，穿长裙过时，穿短裙时髦。For the people of the city, long-skirts are out, miniskirts are in.（介转副）
?43. 随大流者总比袖手旁观者好。Better to be an also-ran than a never-was. (“副+动”复合词转名)
?44. 玛丽的新生儿是男的吗？Is Mary’s new baby a he? (代转名)
?45. 他的父亲是个具有男性魄力的人。His father is a he man. （代转形）
?46. 王教授是当时的系主任。Professor Wang was the then dean. (副转形)
?47. 你是成功者还是壮志未酬者？Are you a has-been or a might-have-been? (动词词组转名)
?48. 他乘出租汽车去机场。He taxied to the airpot. (名转动)
?49. 我看见几个顽童在拼命厮打。I saw some naughty boys fighting tooth and nail. (名转副)
?50. 我不想听你的任何借口，马上把药吞服下去。I don’t want any ifs and
buts——swallow your medicine at once. (连接词转名词)
(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法 2015新课标1卷 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案：regularly 构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。 2015新课标2卷 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 答案：ability 构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equality Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.
答案：slowly 构词法：形容词构副词 As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案：natural 构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national 2016全国卷（新课标一） But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract). 答案：attraction 构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 答案：officially 构词法：形容词构副词 2016全国新课标二卷
构词法专项复习练习答案
构词法专项复习练习答案 一、根据要求写单词： 1．写出下列单词的形容词： 二、连线成词： un come key wide tri agree side out dis ordinary net board en build news ware extra friendly tax paper sub legal shop work il cycle web site in rich note keeper mis way through road non work hard payer re understand team work over smoker nation book 三、翻译下列句子（用上所提供的词的正确形式）： 1．整个赛季他平均每场比赛得五十多分。（average） He averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.
2． 她通过了驾驶考试并取得了驾驶执照。（permit ） She has passed the driving test and got a driving permit. 3． 洪水使成千上万人无家可归。（home ） The flood made thousands of people homeless. 4． 这小孩眼巴巴地看着巧克力蛋糕。（eye ） The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. 5． 他梦想为NBA 效劳。（dream ） He dreamed of playing for the NBA. It ’s your mouth! When you get down to the interview, try and speak clearly. Don ’t show a bad impression. If the interviewer asks you a difficult question ., ‘Can you use a fax machine ’), give an （., ‘No, I ’m afraid not, but I can soon learn.’）.Besides, your gestures and your body language say a lot. For example, smiling gives a much more positive impression than Remember, most companies are looking who dress well and prefer people who will work well with all their colleagues in the office
构词法练习题100道
派生词专项训练100题 1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ___(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live. 5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language. 7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago. 10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion). 12.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will___(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime. 14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the___(job). 15.The days start to___(long) in March. 16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely). 18.Stop you ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million). 20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ___(mouth). 23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger. 24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense. 25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy. 26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence). 27.The baby was sleeping___(peace). 28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory. 29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker. 30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing
构词法练习
班级：_________ 姓名：______________ 学号：_______________ 构词法专练 Ⅰ.填空或填写括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Mary was very sad at the news, so she looked sadly at her husband, her eyes full of ___________(sad). 2.To our ______________ (satisfy),the headmaster was very satisfied with our report. 3.The good working condition in this city is _______(attract). 4.The police are looking into the woman’s____(disappear). 5.After a long_____________ (discuss) with her father, she decided not to take the job. 6.Rose had left the company after a____________ (disagree) with her boss. 7.The boy didn’t pass the entrance examination, so his parents were _____________(happy) about the result. 8.There,my voice sounds really ______________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo（回音）to it. 9.Edison was a great _______________ (invent).During his life he had many inventions. 10.She once led a ____________ (home) child to her home and made the child her younger sister. Ⅱ.真题链接 1.While there are ____________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 2.Just be ____________ (patience).(2014新课标全国Ⅰ) 3.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ______________(sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014新课标全国Ⅱ) 4.I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain).(2014辽宁) 5.She was _____________ (surprise) helpful.(2014广东) 6.“That would be a very ______________ ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,”Nick said.(2013广东) 7.“But such a small thing couldn’t ______________(possible) destroy a village.”(2013广东)
现代汉语中的造词法和构词法
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①儿化韵造词；如：盖--盖儿尖--尖儿 ②改变读音造词；如：好（三声）--好（四声） （4）说明法——通过对事物加以说明从而产生新词的造词方法。 ①情状；如：国营、胆怯 ②性质特征；如：方桌、石碑、丁字尺 ③用途；如：雨衣、牙刷、洗衣粉、书桌 ④领属；如：树叶、羊毛、鞋带 ⑤颜色；如：红旗、绿豆、白云 ⑥数量；如：三秋、六书、八卦 ⑦通过注释的方法进行说明。 a.用所属物类注释说明；如：菊花、芹菜、吉普车 b.用单位名称注释说明；如:人口、马匹 c.用事物情状进行注释说明；如：静悄悄、恶狠狠、光秃秃 ⑧运用语言中习用的虚化成分，对原有词的意义做某些改变以说明事物。如：聋子、甜头、黑乎乎 （5）比拟法——用现有材料，通过比拟、比喻等手段创制新词的方法。 ①整个词就是一个完整的比喻，属于借喻，不出现本体，只出现喻体。如：鸡眼、猫眼 ②新词的一部分是比喻成分；如：雪花、瓜分、木马、刀子嘴
初中英语构词法汇总及练习
s 初中英语构词法汇总及练习 一。概念 英语的构词法主要有：转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二。相关知识点精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： ① Let's go out for a walk. ______________________________ ②He is a man of strong build 。______________________________ 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： ① Did you book a seat on the plane? _____________________________? ②Please hand me the book 。____________________________________。 ③She nursed her husband back to health 。______________________________。 ④We lunched together 。__________________________________。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： We will try our best to better our life 。___________________________________。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out 。(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如： People should be dressed in black at the funeral 。______________________________。 The old in our village are living a happy life 。__________________________________。 2.派生法 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 1)前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： important 重要的→___important appear 出现→____appear 消失 correct 正确的→___correct 不正确的 lead 带领→___lead 领错 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词)， anti- (反对；抵抗)， auto- (自动)， co- (共同)， en- (使)， inter- (互相)， re- (再；又)， sub- (下面的；次；小)，
(完整word版)英语构词法练习题基础篇.docx
英语构词法练习题一、基础练习 A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词 sun---_________( rain ---________( health ---________( luck ---__________( B: 名词后加“-ful” )wind ---__________()cloud---__________() )snow ---__________()fun---__________() )noise ---__________()salt---__________() )sleep ---__________()sand---__________() -less“”变成形容词 care ---__________()__________() use---__________()__________() colour---__________() _________() help---__________() __________() hope ---__________()__________() harm---__________() __________() success---________()wonder---_______()peace---__________() sleep ---__________()home---__________()value---__________() C:名词后加“-ern ”变成形容词 east---______()west ---_______()south---_______() north---__________() D:名词后加“-al”变成形容词 person---__________()education---__________()tradition---__________() medicine---__________()music ---__________()nature---__________() E:名词后加“-ly”变成形容词 friend---___________() love---___________() week---__________() F:名词后加“--ous”变成形容词 danger---___________() mystery---___________() fame---__________() G:名词后加“-en”变成形容词 wool---___________() wood---___________() gold---__________() H:名词转化为形容词的不规则变化 energy---___________() athlete---___________() hunger---___________() pride---___________()death---___________()science---___________() knowledge---___________() anger---___________() Africa---___________() America---___________()Asia---___________() Australia---___________() I:动词变名词 ① work---________( 工作者 ) sing---________( 歌手 ) teach---_________( 教师 ) drive---_________( 司机 ) write---________( 作家 ) dance---_________( 舞蹈家 )win---_________( 获胜者 ) run---___________( 赛跑者 ) swim---_________( 游泳者 )act---_________( 演员 ) collect---__________( 收藏家 ) direct---___________( 主管 ) visit---_________( 参观者 ) invent---_________( 发明家 ) translate---_______ _(翻译家 ) ②educate---___________( 教育 ) describe---___________( 描述 ) predict---___________( 预言 ) collect---___________( 收藏 ) invent---___________( 发明 ) build---___________( 建筑物 ) ③mean---___________( 意思 ) meet---___________( 会议 ) cross---___________( 路口 ) turn---___________( 转弯处 ) decide---___________( 决定 ) die---___________( 死亡 ) ④fly---___________( 飞行 ) know---___________( 知识 ) please---___________( 高兴 ) pronounce---___________( 发音 ) mix---___________( 混合物 ) J：形容词的两种形式—ing/— ed
构词法练习答案
构词法练习答案： 各位，前面的构词法小练1---40题我是前几年自己做的答案找不到了。大家自己做了相互对一下吧。第二部分有答案还有我当时自己对应补充的一些词汇保存下来了。都附在后面你们对应着看吧，也许有个别题中间有删减了对不上的请见谅哦。 构词法练习1（易）自查答案： 1. appreciation 2. beginning 3. creative 4. description 5.discovery 6. emphasize 7. energetic 8. enjoyable 9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily 17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful 23. mysterious 24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity 32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying 39. scholarship 40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage 56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike 70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 构词法易补充词汇： 2.beginner 3.creation; creativity 8.enjoyment 12. hopeless 13.lucky 20.unfortunately 25.necessity 26.personality 27. pleasant 28.impolite 29.professor 30.qualifiable; qualified 35. racialism, racialist 37. religion 42. sleepy; asleep 47. tasty 50. unbelievable, belief 52. various 56. attraction 57. applicant; applicative, appliance 58.friendly, friendliness, friendless 61. invaluable, priceless, valueless, worthless 65. wiser 67. inconvenient 68. closed 69. unlike 71. equalize, equalization 72. gentleness https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,rmed 76. imaginative
构词法练习及其答案(可编辑修改word版)
高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 合成动词 二、派生 Derivation (5)合 成 代 词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （ 6） 合 成 介 词 inside
三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类 转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2.形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.H e is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a . A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.T he three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone’s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. —You can write _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in . A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a . A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool
构词法详细讲解
造词法和构词法 ? 教学目的和要求： ? 1.了解造词法和构词法的区别； ? 2.认识造词法的基本原理，熟悉造词法的种类和词的结构类型； ? 3.能够熟练地对词进行造词法分析和构词法分析； ? 4.了解构词法和构形法的区别。 教学重点和难点: 重点：造词法的类型、构词法的类型 难点： ? 构词法和造词法的区别 ? 造词法辨析和构词法辨析 ? 构词法和构形法的区别 ? 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 二、造词法 ? 三、构词法 ? 四、构形法 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 构词是指词的内部结构问题，它的研究对象是已经存在（创造出来）的词。构词法指的是词的内部结 构规律的情况，也就是语素组合成词的方式和方法。 ? 造词就是指创造新词，它是解决一个词从无到有的问题。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 ? 构词法，是指构词的法则，也即词的构成方式，是从静态的角度，对现有词内部语素间的结构关系进 行考察分析的结果。 ? 造词法，指的是创造新词的方法，是从动态的角度，对词的来源的一种发生学研究。 有些词，如果不了解其造词方法，对于其构词法的分析也会造成偏误，如： 瓜分：像切瓜一样地分割或分配。 造词法：比喻式 鲸吞：像鲸鱼一样地吞食。 构词法：偏正式 （一）什么是造词法 造词就是创造新词，也就是给事物现象命名。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 造词法的研究包括两个方面的内容： 一是用什么语言材料造词，用来造词的语言材料主要是语素，也可以是音节。 骄阳、阳光 （骄、阳、光：语素） 玻璃（玻、璃：音节） 二是用什么方法造词。 国内学者从不同的角度，依据不同的方法，对汉语造词法进行了大量的研究，提出了不同的主张。 ? 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） ? 任学良《汉语造词法》（1981） ? 武占坤、王勤《现代汉语词汇概要》（1983.7） ? 刘叔新《汉语描写词汇学》（1990.11） ? 葛本仪《现代汉语词汇学》（2001.4） 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） 1.语音造词方法——象声造词 2.语义造词方法——变义造词（引申变义、转化变义）和比拟造词 雪花、汗珠 造词法：修辞法（比喻式） 构词法：补充式
(完整版)初中英语构词法练习
构词法练习 一、选择填空 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________. A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,tely https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,test https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,ter https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17977297.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an________country.
构词法精讲
构词法 许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。英语中的构词法主要有派生法(Derivation)、合成法（Composition）和转换法(Conversion)三大类。 一、派生法（Derivation） 在一个词的词根（root）前面或后面加上某个词缀（affix）来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法（derivation）或词缀法（affixation）。加在前面的词缀叫前缀（prefix），加在后面的词缀叫后缀（suffix）。一般情况下，前缀往往改变词根的词义，不改变词根的词性；而后缀往往改变词根的词性，有些也涉及意义的变化。大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义，因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。 （一）后缀法（Suffixation）： 这种通过在词根的后面加词缀构成新词的方法叫后缀法。一般情况下，构成新词的词性发生改变，许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。 后缀法——名词后缀 1.构成名词的常用后缀有： 2) 构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀有：-al, -ance, -ence, -(a)ton, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment,
后缀法——形容词后缀 2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。例
（二）前缀法（Prefixation）：这种通过在词根的前面加词缀构成新词的方法叫前缀法。一般情况下，它不改变新词的词性，只引起词义的变化。许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。