2006年-2014年考研英语真题答案汇总：翻译篇
2006年-2014年考研英语真题答案汇总：翻译篇
考研真题一直是很多同学复习的时候比较关注的一部分，为方便大家查阅和复习，小编特地梳理和汇总了2006-2014年的考研英语翻译部分真题和答案，仅供各位同学参考，希望能对大家的漫漫考研路有所帮助。
2006年考研英语翻译真题及答案
2006年考研英语翻译真题
(51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socr atic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
(52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possi ble the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
(53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not b een charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
(54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is ex pected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
(55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections o n human problems which involve moral judgment.
2006年考研英语翻译答案
51.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。
52.他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
53.我之所以把他(普通科学家)排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
54.但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
55.他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
2007年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析
The study of law has been recognized forcenturies as a basic intellectual discipline inEuropean universities. However, only in r ecent yearshas it become a feature of undergraduate programsin Canadian universities.
(46) Traditionally legallearning has been viewed in such institutionsthe special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectualequipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of le galeducation is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities some have even begun tooffer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, itsaims and methods should appe al directly to journalism educators. Law is a disciplineencourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportu nities to analyze suchideas as justice, democracy and freedom.
(47) On the other, it links these concepts toeveryday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalist s forge on a dailybasis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact,of basic rig hts and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment andproduction just as in courts of law. Sharpening j udgment by absorbing and reflection on lawis a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her car eer.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly thanan ordinary citizen rests o n an understanding of the established conventions andspecial responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of thestate, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the statew orks, the better their reporting will be.
(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalistswho do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadia n Constitution cando a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur wit hin it are primary subjectsfor journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue relianceamong
st many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.
(50)While commentand reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to relyon their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can onlycome from a well-grounded understanding
of the legal system.
解析：
(46) Traditionally legal learning has beenviewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather th an a necessarypart of the intellectual equipment of aneducated person.
结构分析：
Traditionally 主语//legal learning被动结构（固定结构）// has been viewed in such institutions //asthe special preserve of lawyers, 比较结构//rather than 多重后置定语//a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.
词义推敲：
traditionally 传统上来说
legal learning 法律的学习
view …as… 把…看作…
institutions 公共机构
the special preserve of lawyers 律师专有的特权/权利
preserve禁区，防护物，引申为律师专有的权利
rather than 而不是
necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：受过教育的人的知识储备所必需的一部分
intellectual equipment 知识装备/储备/才能
an educated person 受过教育的人
参考译文：
传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看成是律师专有的特权，而不是一个受过教育的人的知识才能必须的部分。
得分重点：
被动结构，view as ，rather than ，多重后置定语
(47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalist s forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on thenews.
结构分析：
状语结构//On the other,主句//it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner 定语从句
//which is parallel to the links 定语从句（省略that）//journalists forge方式状语//on a dailybasis 时间状语从句
//as they cover and comment on the news.
词义推敲：
On the other, 另一方面
Link 连接，联合（常和to搭配）
everyday realities 日常实际
be parallel to 类似的
forge铸造，形成，塑造
on a daily basis 在日常基础之上
cover the news 报道新闻
参考译文：
另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来，这种联系得方式类似于新闻记者在报道和评论新闻时基于日常规则所形成的方式。
得分重点：
固定短语，定语从句，方式状语，时间状语从句
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than anordinary citizen rests on a
n understanding of the established conventions and specialresponsibilities of the news media.
结构分析：
主句的主语//But the idea同位语从句// that the journalist must understand the law 比较结构
//more profoundly //than an ordinary citizen 主句的谓语//rests on 主句宾语（多重后置定语结构）
//an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the newsmedia.
词义推敲：
profoundly 深深地，深刻地
ordinary citizen 普通公民/市民
rests on 依靠于，依赖于
established conventions 既定风俗
an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media多重后置定语结构——后浪推前浪，我们可以翻译为：对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定风俗的理解。
参考译文：
但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律的观念依赖于对于新闻媒体的特殊责任和既定传统的理解。
得分重点：
同位语从句，比较结构，多重后置定语
(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of thebasic features of the Canadia n Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
结构分析：
In fact, 形式主语//it is difficult 真正主语//to see 宾语从句//how 宾语从句主语/journalists定语从句
//who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 宾语从句谓语/can do 宾语从句宾语
/a competent job on political stories.?
词义推敲：
In fact,事实上，实际上
have a clear grasp of 对…有清晰的认识
basic features 基本特征
Canadian Constitution 加拿大宪法
Competent 有能力的，胜任的
political stories 政治报道/新闻
参考译文：
实际上，要想明白（懂得）那些不能清晰了解加拿大宪法基本特征的新闻记者如何能够胜任政治新闻的报道工作是困难的。
得分重点：
形式主语，宾语从句，定语从句，固定结构
(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable forjournalists to rely on thei r own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
结构分析：
让步状语从句//While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, 形式主语//it is preferable //for journalists 真正主语//to rely on their own notions of significance and make theirown judgments.
词义推敲：
comment and reaction评论和反馈
enhance提高，增强，丰富
preferable更可取的，更好的，更优越的
rely on 依赖于
notions 概念，观念，想法，主张
their own notions of significance 他们对于重要性的理解/看法，他们自己的价值观
make their own judgments 做出他们自己的判断
参考译文：
尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会增加故事内容，但是对于新闻记者来说，他们依赖他们的价值观并作出自己的判断是更加难能可贵的。
得分重点：
让步状语从句，形式主语.几个世纪以来，有关法律的研究一直被看成是欧洲各国大学的一门基本的知识学科。不过，只是在最近几年有关法律的研
究才成为加拿大大学教育的一门学科。(46)传统上，在加拿大的高等学府里，学习法律一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过良好教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。幸运的是，加拿大的许多大学正在树立法律教育更传统、更具有大陆特性的观念，有些甚至已经开始授予法律学士学位。如果有关法律的研究正在开始成为普通教育一个不可缺少的学科的话，那么它的目的和方法应该会即刻吸引新闻学教育家。法律是一门学科，这门学科鼓励进行有责任的判断。一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。(47)另一方面，法律又将正义、民主和自由这些观念与日常生活中的实际联系在一起，其方式就如同新闻工作者在报道和评论新闻事件时，以日常生活为基础，使这些观念与实际情况相结合一样。比如，有关证据和事实、基本权利和公众利益这样的概念在新闻判断和新闻制作过程中起作用，就像在法庭上一样。通过学习并且反省法律来强化判断是一名新闻记者为其事业进行知识准备时渴望实现的。(48)但是，新闻工作者对于法律的理解应该比普通公民更加深刻，这个观点是在对于新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任有深刻认识的基础之上建立的。政治，或者更广泛一点，国家的职能，是新闻记者报道的一个主要方面。他们对国家运作的方式了解越多，他们的报道就越优秀。(49)实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻工作者能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。此外，法律体系以及其中发生的事件是新闻记者报道的主题。虽然与法律有关的新闻报道的性质差别很大，但是，许多新闻记者过分依赖律师提供给他们的诠释。(50)律师的评论和反应当然能够提升新闻报道的价值，但是，记者们最好还是依靠自己对于事件重要性的认识来做出判断。
2008年考研英语真题翻译参考答案
1.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently abo ut every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.他相信，正是这种困难或许能够扬长避短，以使他能长时间专注的思考每一个句子；因此，使他能在推理中和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。
2.He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he f elt certain that he never could have succeeded .他还断言，在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的观点上，他的能力受到了局限。有鉴于此，他曾确信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。
3.On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good obse rver, he had no power of reasoning.另一方面，批评家指责他尽管善于观察，但无法推理，对此，他并不接受且认为观点不成立。
4. He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."他谦卑地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人不容易注意到的东西，更能够对此加以详细地观察”。
5.Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the i ntellect, and more probably to the moral character.达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。
2009考研英语翻译真题来源、答案及简析
2009考研英语翻译试题是典型的学术论说型文体，原文讨论的是The Place of Formal Education.（正规教育的地位），试题的具体来源是John Dewey的专著Democracy and Education（麦克米兰公司1916年出版）。
09年考研翻译试题截取了这本书第一章的部分内容，并做了修改，我把原文和09年试题专家改动后的部分一一对比在下面文章中。
试题虽然讨论的是老话题——教育，但是，在考研翻译中19年试题中，几乎没有出现过“教育”这个话题，所以，考这个话题也合情合理。似乎我在新东方考研强化和冲刺班上也大概谈及了这个话题。不知道这也算不算大家所谓的“押中了题”？
试题难度保持在历年试题水平上，没有偏词和怪词，极大多数单词，如institution, effect, direct, measure, it may be said, part of, note, be consider as, factor, deal with, contact, common, power等等等等，都在历年真题里面有过。
There is, accordingly, a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, as long as he really lives instead of just continuing to subsist, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. While it may be said, without exaggeration, that the measure of the worth of any social institution, economic, domestic, political, legal, religious, is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; yet this effect is not a part of its original motive, which is limited and more immediately practical.（命题专家把这个句子改写为：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive）可以说，要衡量任何社会制度价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution, its effect upon the quality and extent of conscious life, noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a
directive factor in the conduct of the institution.（命题专家改为：Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。）这种制度的副产品（附带产生的影响）只有逐步得到认识；而在实施这种制度的过程中，认识到这种效果具有直接作用的时间则更加缓慢。Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, or to subordinate that educative effect to some external and tangible result, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. （命题专家改为：while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.）虽然在与年轻人接触的时候，我们容易忽略我们的行动对他们性格的影响；但这并不像与成年人打交道那么简单。The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们不能不考虑我们是否正在形成一种力量，这种力量可以确保我们获得能力。If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect -- its effect upon conscious experience -- we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.
因此，在上述（目前为止已经考虑到的）宽泛的教育过程中，可以使我们区别出一种更正规的教育，即直接教导或学校教育。In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. Savage groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group. They have no special devices, material, or institutions for teaching save in connection with initiation ceremonies by which the youth are inducted into full social membership. For the most part, they depend upon children learning the customs of the adults, acquiring their emotional set and stock of ideas, by sharing in what the elders are doing. In part, this sharing is direct, taking part in the occupations of adults and thus serving an apprenticeship; in part, it is indirect, through the dramatic plays in which children reproduce the actions of grown-ups and thus learn to know what they are like. To savages it would seem preposterous to seek out a place where nothing but learning was going on in order that one might learn.
2010年考研英语翻译点评和指导（跨考版）
46. 参考译文：科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。
句子的主干是“scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence”. 后接that 引导的同位语从句。“to the effect ”是“大致意思是，大概是说的意思”。
句子结构整体不难，但隐藏着一些有难度的单词和短语，比如“jump to the rescue, distinct，shaky。此句难度不大
47. 参考译文：但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。
句子整体结构是一个that引导的宾语从句。
句子整体结构相对简单。
48.参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。需要注意的是Time was when，应翻译成曾几何时，是一个固定搭配。
49. 参考译文：在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。
句子的主干是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community”，是一个被动语态。句子开头是一个where引导的定语从句，to be preserved是修饰noncommercial tree species的成分。
需要注意的是within reason和native forest community，是两个固定搭配
此句结构不难，但分析起来比较复杂。
50．参考译文：他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。
句子的主干很简单，即“it tends to ignore and eliminate many elements”. 后接that引导的两个定语从句，但先行词都是elements。翻译时可先将主干翻译出来，然后将第一个定于从句嵌在主干中，but后的定语从句分开翻译。
这句话翻译起来相对简单，结构不复杂。
2011年考研英语答案翻译部分(跨考版)
这是2011年考研英语答案翻译部分，由跨考教育提供。仅供参考。
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
2012考研英语答案——英语一翻译答案（沪江版）
46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
47. 在这一点上，达尔文学说似乎给人们提供了准则，如果所有人种同宗同源，那么“文化多样性也能追溯到更为单一的源头”的假定也就不无道理了。
48. 将偶发的和独特的从这些共性中筛除掉能够让我们了解文化行为的复杂起源以及是什么在发展中或认知过程中指导我们。
49. 第二，乔舒亚·格林贝格采用了一个更加经验主义的方法来解释普遍性；他认为许多语言都共有特性，（尤其是在语序上）；这些特性被认为代表了由认知限制所带来的偏见；
50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言改变的模式，该模式是独立于家谱也独立于贯穿家谱的路径，而格林伯根的统一性理论则预言了不同种语序关系之间的强烈的相互依存性。
沪江网校版】2013年考研英语一翻译参考译文
2013年考研英语一翻译参考译文：版本一（沪江网校提供）
46. 然而，当一个人观看这些无家可归的流浪者们创造的花园的图片时，他会留意到，在这些形态万千、风格迥异的图片中，这些乐园传达的是各种装潢和创作所不能表达的对各种各样其他基本欲望的诉求。
47. 一个能给人带来安宁和神圣感的场所，不论它有多粗陋，都显然是符合人类需求的场所。那些给动物提供的遮风挡雨的场所与它是不能相提并论的。
48. 流浪者们的花园，确切的说是流离失所的花园，都是从都市氛围中衍生而来的，这些乐园原本是并不存在的，或者说它原本并不如此。
49. 我们大多数人屈服于一种精神的颓废和堕落，我们通常把这种堕落归咎于一时的心理状况——直到有天我们发现我们置身于一所花园，才感到这种压抑像变魔术般消逝。
50. 正是这种间接或直接的、跟自然相关的指涉充分证明了使用“花园”这个词的合理性——尽管这个词在描述这些人造建筑时传达出一种不受拘束的违和感。
2013年考研英语一翻译参考译文：版本二（沪江网校提供）
46. 然而如若观看这些无家可归者创作的花园图片时，一个人不得不讶异于这些风格各异的图片所传达出的其它基本诉求，远非富丽创造性的表达。
47. 一个安宁的神圣场所，与庇护所相反，不管多么粗陋，明显是人性的，而非动物性的需求。
48. 流浪者花园，实际上是无人居住的花园，在城市环境中兴建。此前，这样的花园并不存在，或者不这么易于辨识。
49. （这样以后）大多数人的精神陷入一种低迷状态，我们通常将其归咎于心理状态的问题。直到有一天我们置身于一座花园，所有的低迷奇迹般一扫而空。
50. 这些对自然间接或直接的参照使这些人造建筑（花园）实质名归，尽管只在宽泛的意义上。
2014考研英语一翻译答案及点评（沪江网校版）
Part C Translation
46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.
这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能表达对音乐的感受，而无法领悟音乐的精髓。
47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.
人们一致认为，贝多芬思想自由而勇敢无畏，在我看来，要理解其作品必须要抓住勇气这一本质，在演奏其作品时更是如此。
48. Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.
贝多芬习惯用紧促有力的演奏提高音量，然后曲风一转，紧接一段轻柔舒缓的音乐，而在他之前很少有作曲家这么做。
49. Especially significant was his views of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual; he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.
贝多芬的自由观意义尤为深远。在他看来，自由与个人的权利、责任息息相关，他提倡思想自由与个人言论自由。
50. One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
你可以这样阐释贝多芬的大多数作品：磨难是在所难免的，但是与磨难抗争的勇气则是生命的意义之所在。
点评：原文是一篇艺术评论性文章，选材内容较为常见，语言在词汇与句法上并不复杂，因此在理解上并没有难度很大的地方。在翻译的时候，要注意准确表达出原文的意思，利用长句拆分、增补、转换等翻译技巧，保证中文的通顺流畅。