高中英语 Unit 16 Stories Section Ⅰ课时语法精讲 北师大版选修61

Unit 16 Stories Section Ⅰ

[语法·预备役]

观察句子，指出哪一个动作在前，哪一个动作在后

1. Pliny wrote about an extremely terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.( )

答案：“目睹”动作在前，“描述”动作在后

2. This particularly sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the eruption.( )

答案：“失去叔叔”动作在前，“留下印象”动作在后

3. However, more than 1,600 years later, some scientists found the lost towns that had been buried under the ashes.( )

答案：“埋葬”动作在前，“发现”动作在后

4. Before the eruption occurred, it had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.( )

答案：“是繁华的城市”动作在前，“火山爆发”动作在后

[语法·讲座]

过去完成时

一、构成

had＋过去分词(had通用于所有人称)

She showed me the pictures she had painted.

她把她画的画拿给我看。

二、用法

1．过去的过去

表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”，图示为

过去完成时的过去时间常用下面四种方式表示。

(1)用by和before引导的短语表示，如by that time, by...o'clock，by the end of..., before 1993等。

By three o'clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.

到昨天下午三点钟，我们已经完成了工作。

She had learnt 2,000 English words by the end of last month.

到上个月的月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词。

He had already had his breakfast before seven o'clock this morning.

今天早晨七点钟之前他已经吃完了早饭。

(2)用when和before引导的状语从句表示。

He hadn't learnt English before he came to England.

他来英国之前没有学过英语。

How long had Mr. Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?

王先生来这里之前，在中学教了多长时间？

The train had already left when I got to the station.

我赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。

(3)用sb.said，sb. knew或sb. asked等主句表示。

He said he had never been to Nanjing.

他说他从没到过南京。

She knew she had met him before.

她知道她以前见过他。

He thought he had read the book.

他想他曾经读过那本书。

He asked who had broken the window.

他责问是谁打破了窗户。

(4)通过上下文表示出来。

I was very sad at his death. We had been good friends since our childhood.

他的去世使我很悲伤。我们自童年时代起就是好朋友。(直到他去世之前)

He had worked the whole day.

他已经工作了一整天。(在回家之前已工作了一天)

2. 过去的动作延续到过去某一时间

表示过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到那时，并可能继续下去，常同由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。

By the end of last month he had worked in Shanghai for twenty years.

到上月底，他已经在上海工作了整整20年。(可能继续工作下去)

3. 过去完成时常用于定语从句中

定语从句中的动作如果发生在主句动作之前，要用过去完成时。

I found the pen which I had lost.

我找到了丢失的那支笔。

I lent her the book which I had bought the day before.

我把前一天买的书借给她了。

4. 主句和从句的时间先后区别

有时候，时间状语从句中谓语动词的动作发生在主句动作之前，这时，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。

After she had done her homework，she took a walk in the garden.

她做完家庭作业后，在院子里散步。(先做完作业，后散步)

When I had finished reading the book，I returned it to the library.

读完了那本书，我就把它还给了图书馆。

[点津] 有时候，连词when，after，as soon as引导从句时，其本身往往就说明了两个相近动作的先后关系。因此，主句和从句有时均可用一般过去时。

The bus started after he got on it.

他刚上车，车就发动了。

As soon as I came into the classroom，the bell rang.

我一进教室铃就响了。

5. hope，think，want，mean等动词的过去完成时

这种形式可以表示过去未曾实现的愿望、意图、希望或打算等。

I had meant to come，but it rained.

我本想来的，但是下雨了。(没能如愿)

I had hoped to see her again.

我曾经希望再见到她。(过去的愿望)

三、使用过去完成时应注意的几点

1. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。

2. 过去时间有时由时间状语(when，before，by等)表现出来，但在更多情况下则通过上下文来体现。

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.

我们到剧场时，戏已经开始了。

3. 用于宾语从句中(特别是在间接引语中)。

I heard that they had made an important discovery.

我听说他们有了一个重要发现。

4．用于时间状语从句中。

I didn't begin the work until he had gone.

直到他走了我才开始工作。

5．用于It was the first (second，...)time...句型中。

It was the first time he had spoken to me in such a tone.

这是他第一次用这种语调和我说话。

6．用于as或than引导的从句中。

We didn't get along as well as we had hoped.

我们相处得没有原先希望得那样好。

We finished the work earlier than we had expected.

我们早于预期完成了这项工作。

[强化·印证]

选择合适的短语填入空白处

1. The police found that the house ________________ and a lot of things stolen. (has been broken into; had been broken into)

答案：had been broken into

2. The pen I thought I ________________ is on my desk, right under my nose. (lost; had lost)

答案：had lost

3. By the time he was twelve, Edison________________several experiments by himself. (would make; had made)

答案：had made

4. By eleven o'clock yesterday we ________________ at the airport. (had arrived; arrived)

答案：had arrived

5. __________________ got into the room, when the telephone rang.(Hardly had he ; Hardly has he)

答案：Hardly had he

[考点·研讨]

1. [2014·北京高考]I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived.

解题关键：when引导的时间状语在句中的作用。

答案研讨：had started 句意：我发现我很难明白讲座的内容，因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。题干中的语境为过去时，根据句意可知空格处发生的动作先于arrived，故使用过去完成时。

2. [2014·山东高考]Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-

consuming than we ________ (expect)．

解题关键：注意was表明的时态以及than的作用。

答案研讨：had expected 句意：手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更加耗时。主句的时态是一般过去时，根据句意可知expect的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，所以该空表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。

3. [2013·辽宁高考改编]He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________(have) it for a very long time.

解题关键：注意时间状语，比较动作的先后。

答案研讨：had had 考查时态。句意：当他卖掉他的吉他的时候他不高兴，毕竟，他拥有它已经很长一段时间了。卖掉吉他和不高兴这两个动作都用了一般过去时，而拥有吉他一定是在这之前的动作，所以要用过去完成时。

4. [2012·江苏高考改编]The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________(meet) some European business partners.

解题关键：to have arrived back from Paris表明的时态。

答案研讨：had met 考查时态。句意：据说经理已经从巴黎回来了，在巴黎他会见了一些来自欧洲的商业伙伴。本题中出现了三个动词：is said, arrived, met, 需要搞清动作发生的先后顺序。根据句意，动词的先后顺序应该依次为：met, arrived, is said。is said 表示一般现在时，to have arrived back为不定式的完成时表示动作已完成，因此meet动作发生在arrive这个过去的动作之前，应该用过去完成时。

5. [2012·天津高考改编]We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ________(not offer) us a ride home.

解题关键：would have called的作用。

答案研讨：hadn't offered 考查虚拟语气中的时态。句意：如果哈罗德不开车送我们回家，我们昨天可以叫出租车。根据句意可知if引导的条件状语从句是对发生在过去的事实的一种假设，所以要用虚拟语气，即用过去完成时。

[达标·演练]

Ⅰ. 完成句子

1. ________________(父亲本希望儿子与他一起做生意), but his son became an artist later.

答案：The father had hoped that his son would go to business with him

2. ________________(我们做了大量的准备工作) before class began.

答案：We had done/made a lot of preparations

3. By ten o'clock ________________(我已完成了家庭作业)．

答案：I had done/finished my homework

4. ________________(她曾是护士)before she entered a medical college.

答案：She had been a nurse

5. ________________(她在这所学校任教多年) before I came here.

答案：She had taught in this school for many years

6. I wish ________________(上星期天与你去了就好了)．

答案：I had gone with you last Sunday

7. ________________(他们本打算到车站给我送行), but they couldn't get there in time.

答案：They had meant to see me off at the station

8. He talked about Rome ________________(他好像去过那里)．

答案：as if he had been there

9. ________________(我们刚坐下) when she brought plates of food for us.

答案：We had hardly sat down/Hardly had we sat down

10. ________________(我们一到家) than it began to rain.

答案：We had no sooner reached home/No sooner had we reached home

Ⅱ. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)

1. [2014·河南模考]By the time my parents reached home, I ________(cook) the dinner already.

答案：had cooked cook的动作发生在reached home之前，故主句应用过去完成时。

2. —What a mistake!

—Yes, I________(suggest) his doing it another way, but without success.

答案：had suggested 考查时态。过去完成时表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。根据句意“——愚蠢的错误！——是的，我已建议他换种方式做，但没成功”可知，建议这一动作发生在犯错误这个动作之前，故应用过去完成时。

3. [2014·新余一中高二第一次段考]My sister was very afraid all the way, because it was the first time she ________(drive) a car.

答案：had driven 固定句型：It was the first time sb. had done sth.

4. Claire had her luggage________(check) an hour before her plane left.

答案：checked 考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire把行李进行了安检。check与luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式表示被动概念，构成have ＋宾语＋过去分词结构，表示“找人做……”或“使……被……”。

5. [2013·莆田高二检测]－What has happened to Jack?

－He's had one of his legs________(injure) trying to save a boy from the fire.

答案：injured injure与one of his legs之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补

足语。

6. Tom，could you get the photo ________ (develop) for me，please?

答案：developed get the photo developed“冲洗相片”，develop“发展、冲洗”。

7. Finishing their shopping at the mall, the couple discovered that their new car ________(steal)．

答案：had been stolen 考查动词的时态。steal这一动作发生在discover之前，所以用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。

8. [2014·北京海淀区高二测试]You didn't let me drive. If we ________(drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.

答案：had driven 句意：你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么疲惫了。根据didn't 可知事情发生在过去，if条件句指过去，虚拟语气应用过去完成时。

9. The building had been out of condition for years，so we decided to have it ________ (rebuild)．

答案：rebuilt 句意：这所建筑物失修好多年了，所以我们决定让人重建。have/get sth. done“使某事被做”。

10. These cases were too heavy，so the old man got them ________ (carry) from the house to the taxi.

答案：carried 考查get sth. done结构，意为“请/叫别人做某事”。

高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案

全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）

高中英语语法大全

（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

高中英语语法精讲精练

高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.

高中英语语法名词练习题

一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff18131647.html,rmations https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff18131647.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结

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高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17

(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17

A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17

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二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.

不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?

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