2020-2021全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题分类汇总附答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

The Art Institute of Chicago

Visiting time

The museum is open daily 10:30 am-5:00 pm. The museum and its shops are closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day.

Highlights of the Art Institute

American Art

Discover how artists have expressed the many aspects of the American experience through the rich variety of this collection. This tour might include the works of artists like Paul Revere, Winslow Homer, and Georgia O'Keeffe.

Impressionism: Monet, Degas, Renoir and More

Learn about the color and excitement of late 19th-century life as you view one of the most admired collections of French Impressionism in the world.

Hidden Histories

Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for one reason or another These could be very small or out-of-the-way works.

For families with children

With free admission for kids under 14 and Chicago teens under 18, the Art Institute is the perfect place for a creative outing with the whole family.

Visit the Family Room in the Ryan Education Center, and introduce your children to the museum's collections with a variety of activities. Assemble (组装)puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks, and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an on-site cafe. (Outside food is not allowed to be brought in.)

（1）What can visitors learn from Hidden Histories?

A. The early stories of some famous artists.

B. The artworks of some potential artists.

C. Some stories about less-known artists.

D. Some artworks by famous creators.

（2）What can children do in the Family Room?

A. Practice storytelling skills.

B. Decorate some masterpieces.

C. Enjoy their home-made food.

D. Take part in various activities.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了芝加哥美术馆的参观时间、美术馆的亮点、隐藏的历史，同时还有针对有孩子的家庭的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Hidden Histories部分中的“Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for one reason or another.”，参观者可以了解到一些被忽视的、被低估的鲜为人所知的艺术家的故事和作品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 For families with children部分中的”…… introduce your children to

the museum's c ollections with a variety of activities …“可知，在这里孩子们能参加各种各样的活动。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!

Global Canvas Children's Art Competition

Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.

Toyota Dream Car Art Contest

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting

Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.

Advena World Children's Art Competition

Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks

The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium.

Progressive Young Artists Awards

Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture

PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.

（1）Which of the following favors the environment?

A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.

B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.

C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.

D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.

（2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?

A. A dream car.

B. A scholarship.

C. A tour of a factory.

D. An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?

A. It has no fixed theme.

B. It has an entrance fee.

C. The prize is a scholarship.

D. Its participants are the youngest.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。（1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

"If they hated me they didn't talk to me about it," says a young German manager at a media firm in Frankfurt. Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word "boss".

Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious (老成的) youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means that such situations are becoming even more common.

The country's population is projected to shrink. As more Germans retire, fewer youngsters are entering the work-place to replace them. As a share of the working population the number of 15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result. A paper by professors at the university of Cambridge and WHU, a German business school, to be published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, suggests this could be a problem.

As in many countries, German work-places are legally obliged to overlook age when deciding whom to promote. Yet according to Jochen Menges, one of the authors, when an ordinary worker leap-frogs a more experienced one it can leave the latter with feelings of "anger, fear and disgust." People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger. The relationship between feelings of anxiety and the age of the boss is clear, according to Mr Menges. A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging.

German firms certainly shouldn't return to a system in which age equals to rank. But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age-

mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.

（1）For what does the author mention a young German manager and his experience in Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To present an argument.

C. To attract readers' interest.

D. To describe his own idea.

（2）Why are some precocious youngsters bossing their elders around in Germany?

A. Precocious youngsters are all skilled workers.

B. Such situations are becoming more common.

C. Fewer youngsters would like to do hard work.

D. Companies compete fiercely to hire young talent.

（3）In which of the following situations might an employee regard himself as a failure according to the passage?

A. When he has to decide whom to promote.

B. When he leap-frogs a more experienced worker.

C. When he is being bossed about by someone younger.

D. When he experiences feelings of anger, fear and disgust.

（4）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. A younger boss is more likely to be nervous and anxious.

B. An employee with a younger boss tends to suffer from anxiety.

C. There is a connection between anxiety and the age of promotion.

D. The age of the boss and anxiety are closely related.

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. Qualified workers should be promoted to boss.

B. Older workers should support younger managers.

C. Older workers are no better than younger colleagues.

D. You are never too old to learn, or too young to manage.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于德国年轻人数量下降，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔年轻人来做管理人员，拥有一位年轻的老板对员工无形中也产生了焦虑感。就此应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面，以及组建年龄混合的团队。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Still, he says it was noticeable that when an employee 20 years older than him thanked him for buying lunch he had to swallow twice before adding the word ’boss‘.“不过，他说，值得注意的是，当一名比他大20岁的员工感谢他买了午餐时，他不得不吞下两口，然后才加上“老板”一词。提到的事例以及第二段中的”Older workers sometimes envy being managed by a younger colleague. Precocious youngsters, too, can feel awkward about bossing their elders around. But in Germany a shortage of skilled workers means

that such situations are becoming even more common.“年长的员工有时会羡慕被年轻的同事管理。早熟的年轻人也会因为对长辈颐指气使而感到尴尬。但在德国，熟练工人的短缺意味着这种情况变得更加普遍。对第一段的现象进行解释说明，可知作者在第一段中提到了一个年轻的德国经理和他的经历是为了引入主题。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”15-to-24-year-olds has fallen by ten percent since the 1980s, says the German Federal Employment Agency. Firms competing to hire young talent have to promote them earlier as a result.“德国联邦职业介绍所表示，自上世纪80年代以来，15至24岁的年轻人数量下降了10%。因此，竞相雇佣年轻人才的公司不得不更早地提拔他们。可知在德国有些早熟的年轻人对长辈颐指气使，这是因为公司为雇佣年轻人才的激烈竞争，导致年轻人更早地被提拔为管理人员。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”People tend to judge their own standing by the success of their peers, and to see failure in being bossed about by someone younger.“人们倾向于根据同龄人的成功来判断自己的地位，并认为被年轻人左右是失败的。可知当员工被更年轻的人颐指气使的时候，他会认为自己是失败的。故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的”A manager who is younger by one year is somewhat unsettling; a gap of 20 years is far more discouraging. “一个年轻一岁的经理有点让人不安；20年的差距更让人沮丧。可推知老板年龄越年轻，员工的焦虑感越明显，故可推知划线句子意思是：拥有年轻老板的员工往往会感到焦虑。故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的”But young people tend to be sensitive about managing upwards. And older workers should be encouraged to see the bright side of learning new skills. Daimler, a big German car firm, says it promotes age- mixed teams, so that knowledge can be transferred between generations. It also supports young managers by asking retired employees to provide temporary support.“但年轻人往往对向上管理很敏感。应该鼓励老员工看到学习新技能的光明面。德国大型汽车公司戴姆勒表示，他们提倡年龄混合的团队，这样知识就可以在几代人之间传递。它还通过要求退休员工提供临时支持来支持年轻的管理者。结合文章主要内容围绕着德国管理者倾向年轻化的问题，主要是说明了人们应当活到老学到老，永远不会因为太年轻而无法管理。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.

Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.

But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something

our grandmothers and mothers fought against.

For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.

"Why would you want that?" she said. "Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven."

She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.

Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn't fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.

She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day. When she wasn't trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.

I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.

No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?

I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.

But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women "having it all". How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.

A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.

And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.

Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.

We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.

And while it's getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.

But at least we can get jobs. At least we don't have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.

（1）According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?

A. Watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings.

B. Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.

C. Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.

D. Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.

（2）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 13 refer to?

A. Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.

B. Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.

C. Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.

D. Women's illusion about "having it all".

（3）What does the "Stockholm Syndrome" in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?

A. Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home

B. Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.

C. Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.

D. Women have the chance to live out their dreams.

（4）The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.

A. fantastic

B. admirable

C. awful

D. unforgettable

（5）What can we learn from the passage?

A. It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.

B. All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.

C. Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.

D. The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.

（6）What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?

A. To show great appreciation to her grandmas.

B. To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.

C. To draw readers' attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.

D. To arouse women's awareness of equal pay at work.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

（5）B

（6）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，同时想让读者注意到女性所面临的处境，尤其是那些贫穷的有色人种。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.”每个人都应该很幸运，能够决定自己穿什么，如何度过时间。这就是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，可知，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来。故选B。

（2）考查代词指代。根据第十三段中的“If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.”如果你要照顾一个家庭，服侍你的丈夫，你就没有时间去追求你的梦想，除非你把它当成你的梦想，可知，that指代的其实是前面的内容，也就是taking care of a family, waiting on your husband。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第十四段中的“A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.”很多女性采取了这种方式。我们现在称之为Stockholm Syndrome，可知，我们现在把1950s很多女性接受了这个方式生活下去的这个现象称作Stockholm Syndrome。根据上文可知，1950s很多女性的生活方式则是——照顾家庭、服侍丈夫、没有时间去追求自己的梦想，这对女性来讲是不公平的，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.”我认为重要的是要记住，作为一个50年代的家庭主妇实际上是非常糟糕的，这是我们的祖母和母亲所反对的。可知，作者认为20世纪50年代家庭主妇的生活很糟糕。故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“ Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.”霍尔特有机会实现她的梦想。不是每个美国女人都这么幸运。可推知，在美国，并不是所有的女性都有机会追逐自己的梦想。故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“We still don't have pay equality an d in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.”我们仍然没有薪酬平等，在许多州，我们仍然没有对自己身体的自主权。贫困妇女和有色人种妇女仍然缺乏与富裕和白人妇女同等的机会。由可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是让读者注意到女性所面临的情况，尤其是那些贫穷和有色人种的情况。。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，词义猜测和推理判断四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Jane Austen is loved mainly as a charming guide to fashionable life in the Regency period (英国摄政时期). She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches (四轮四座大马车). But her own vision of her task was completely different. She was an ambitious and strict moralist. She was highly conscious of human failings and she had a deep desire to make people nicer: less selfish, more reasonable and more sensitive to the needs of others.

In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bonnet start off heartily disliking each other and then, gradually realize they are in love. They make one of the great romantic couples. He is handsome, rich and well connected; she is pretty, smart and lively. But why actually are they right for one another?

Jane Austen is very clear. It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because

each can educate and improve the other. When Mr. Darcy arrives in the neighborhood, he feels "superior" to everyone else, because he has more money and higher status. At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance (自大) and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.

Mostly, we tend to think of love as liking someone for who they already are, and of total acceptance. But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.（1）What do we know about Jane Austen from paragraph 1?

A. She lived a fashionable life.

B. She wrote about the life of the rich.

C. She knew exactly human virtues.

D. She was nicer to less selfish people.

（2）What can we learn about Mr. Darcy from the text?

A. He dislikes Elizabeth from the beginning to the end.

B. He is handsome, rich and rather modest.

C. He is kind to everyone in the neighborhood.

D. He needs Elizabeth to point out his shortcomings.

（3）Which person is right for you according to Jane Austen?

A. A person that you like for who he or she is.

B. A person with whom you feel really relaxed.

C. A person making you become a better man or woman.

D. A person who does something similar to you.

（4）What message does the book Pride and Prejudice convey?

A. Improve yourself with your lover's help.

B. Accept the people you love totally.

C. Earn much money to make people love you.

D. Find your true love with pride and prejudice.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。可知她写了关于富人的生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。这听起来很

无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each c an educate and improve the other.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.

The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.

It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.

Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.

Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.

（1）What does the new study show?

A. People wearing glasses are smarter.

B. People wearing glasses are healthier.

C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.

D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Shift.

B. Link.

C. Proof.

D. Consequence.

（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?

A. Because it can create a moral image.

B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.

C. Because it can highlight clients' qualities.

D. Because it can prove the clients' innocence.（4）What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?

A. Positive.

B. Negative.

C. Mixed

D. Indifferent.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选

出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Yellowstone National Park is the flagship of the National Park Service and a favorite to millions of visitors each year. The park is a major destination for all members of the family. By driving the grand loop road, visitors can view the park from the comfort of their vehicle and also take a rest at one of the many roadside picnic areas.

How much is the entrance fee?

$25 - Private, noncommercial vehicle;

$20 - Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);

$12 - Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.

This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.

A $50 park annual pass provides entrance for a single private non-commercial vehicle at Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. The $10 Interagency Senior Pass (62 and older) is a lifetime pass available to U.S. citizens or permanent residents.

Where can you stay?

Inside Yellowstone, you can choose to stay in modern or historic hotels and cabins inside the park like the Old Faithful Inn, the world's largest log structure. For those who want to be a little closer to nature, there are 12 campgrounds with a range of services from primitive pit toilets to shower and laundry facilities. There's also RV camping with and without dumping stations.

Staying outside the park gives you unique Old West experiences but still keeps you close to park attractions.

If you're taking a road trip to Yellowstone, you'll want to check out our Hotels and Cabins On The Road section.

（1）The entrance fees listed on the web page don't apply to _______.

A. temporary residents in the USA

B. vehicles involving business activities

C. visitors out of a certain age range

D. private motorcycles and snowmobiles

（2）What are you likely to acquire in the Old Faithful Inn?

A. Unique old west experiences.

B. Primitive pit toilets and shower.

C. Knowledge of origin of the park.

D. RV camping with dumping sites.

（3）Where does the passage probably come from?

A. A magazine.

B. A textbook.

C. A notice.

D. A travel guide.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了黄石公园的门票以及可以选择的住宿及游玩的地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据小标题“How much is the entrance fee?”下分别列出了私家非商务车入园的价格，摩托车或雪地车（冬季）入园的价格以及16岁以上的人步行、骑自行车或带滑雪板入园的价格，没有涉及到商务车入园的价格。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据 Where can you stay?部分中的“Inside Yellowstone, you can choose to stay in modern or historic hotels and cabins inside the park like the Old Faithful Inn, the world's largest log structure.”在黄石公园里边，你可以呆在像the Old Faithful Inn这样的旅馆里，有现代的、历史的旅馆和小棚屋。，由其中的historic及morden可知，我们有可能从这些建筑中了解公园的起源。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了黄石公园的门票及游玩住宿的地方，并且主要是提供给大家一些信息，所以应出自于与旅游指南。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

As winter set in, it's the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder. Here are vacation ideas to adopt now.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica, located in the Valle del General, is an off-the-radar agriculture town that's not overrun with tourists. The area is known for its coffee, pineapples and sugar cane plantations, as well as its rich forests. What's more, you can enjoy horseback riding, spend afternoons at the spa or tour a nearby wildlife shelter to look out for colorful birds, sloths and other animals.

Los Cabos, Mexico

If you love wine, travel to Los Cabos, a beautiful vacation destination at the southern edge of the Baja Peninsula. During your getaway, you can enjoy special wine tastings and dinner cooked by Los Cabos's Michelin-starred chef. There are wildlife-viewing opportunities, too. From December through May, you can spot whales, manta rays and more wildlife.

Petit St Vincent, the Grenadines

This private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria. What's more, the whole island is only 115 acres and has 22 cottages. Each cottage is located in a quiet place, and you can expect to unplug and recharge phones with no wireless connections, televisions or telephones in the cottages. Even better, you can spend your days admiring fascinating marine (海洋的) life at the Jean-Michel Cousteau Diving Caribbean center.

The Exumas, Bahamas

On Fowl Cay's 50-acre private island, you can enjoy a carefree escape. Days can be spent fishing, boating and diving before wandering along white sands. The resort features large one-, two- and three-bedroom houses. Best of all, if you're planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip, you rent the entire island for a one-of-a-kind island escape.

（1）Why does the author recommend these places to readers?

A. To escape from extreme weather.

B. To experience out-of-town sights.

C. To beat winter blues.

D. To treat mental diseases.

（2）What do we know about Petit St Vincent?

A. It suffered from Irma and Maria.

B. It's a huge and quiet island.

C. People can admire fish off shore.

D. People can charge phones using wireless connections

（3）Where can Tom best go with his grandparents and parents?

A. Los Cabos, Mexico.

B. Petit St Vincent, the Grenadines.

C. Costa Rica.

D. The Exumas, Bahamas.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了冬天来临之时，适合外出度假的一些地点。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As winter set in, it's the perfect time to get out of town and escape the seasonal mood disorder.”随着冬天的到来，这是走出小镇，摆脱季节性情绪障碍的最佳时机。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Petit St Vincent， the Grenadines部分中的“This private Caribbean island was spared the anger of hurricanes Irma and Maria．”这个私人的加勒比岛幸免于飓风伊尔玛和玛丽亚，可知选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据The Exumas， Bahamas部分的“Best of all， if you're planning a group getaway or multigenerational trip，you rent the entire island for a one﹣of﹣a﹣kind island escape．”最重要的是，如果你正在计划一次集体出游或多代人旅行，你就可以租整个岛，以获得独一无二的岛屿之旅，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.

Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported.

The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they're responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.

The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, "Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal," said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.

The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.

To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.

Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.

（1）According to the passage, which dustbins should some used coke cans be thrown into?

A. Grey-colored dustbins.

B. Red-colored dustbins.

C. Green-colored dustbins.

D. Blue-colored dustbins.

（2）We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. new technology has been applied to help deal with garbage

B. Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than Shanghai

C. the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizens

D. the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing

（3）What is the best title for the text?

A.How to Sort Garbage in China

B.The Current Regulation in Beijing

C.Garbage Collection in Beijing

D.Waste Recycling Project Counts

（4）The passage can be sorted as ________.

A.a book review

B.a travel brochure

C.an environment report

D.a geography essay

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable,”可知，蓝色垃圾箱装的是可回收垃圾，而用过的可乐罐属于可回收垃圾，应投入蓝色垃圾箱内，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites wil l be rewarded with bonus points”可知，有了智能设备，那些将垃圾投入到指定垃圾箱的市民将获得奖励积分，由此可知，新技术已应用于帮助处理垃圾，故选A。

（3）考查主题大意。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit.”可知，本文主要介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是垃圾分类在北京的实施情况，这属于环保话题，因此文章可能是一份环境报告，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been "letting out an unprompted (自发的),creepy (令人毛骨悚然的)cackle for no apparent reason, according to BBC News.

Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh.

"Every time Alexa laughs, an angel dies," Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.

On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the problem, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command " Alexa, laugh".

However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine. With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, "Digital machines started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human," wrote Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better".

However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown.

"With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. "If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be very careful

Many scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in November that "computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ??? AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization."

If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they "employ best practice and effective management".

I am an optimist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world," he said at the conference. "We simply need to be aware of the dangers, identify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance."

（1）What does the underlined word "cackle" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.movement

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17221633.html,ughter

C.scream

D.story

（2）The story of Alexa is intended to .

A.lead into the discussion about humans and AI

B.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknesses

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ff17221633.html,rm readers of the development of AI

D.show how Alexa's problem was fixed

（3）According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE?

A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.

B.Digital machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes.

C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication.

D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Man VS. Machine

B.Time to Control Rise of AI

C.Creepy AI

D.AI: The Biggest Threat

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。

（1）考查猜测词义。根据第二段中的"Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的"However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要做好充分的准备。B项符合文章中心思想。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答

案。

11．阅读理解

If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.

Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major events to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1.

If you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm or injury. For example, 1et's talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!

You can also weather a storm, bu t it doesn't involve actual weather. “To weather the storm” can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market(股市)crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.

Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. They've seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past—things that should really stay buried!

But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in the eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.

However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. And don't worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you!

（1）What's mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?

A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are.

B. How we can weather the storm.

C. Weathering a storm doesn't involve actual weather.

D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.

（2）Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?

A. To stress the importance of weather forecast.

B. To develop the awareness of family.

C. To explain the meaning of an expression.

D. To praise the older children for being clever.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. A problem can't be solved if you worry too much.

B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather.

C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork.

D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program.

（4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction.

B. To tell us some expressions about storm.

C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts.

D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个英语中与“风暴”有关的表达。（1）段落大意题。第三段第一句“If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on wi thout harm or injury. ”可知本段讲述weather the storm或者ride out the storm指安全度过；和第四段最后一句“To weather the storm can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段讲述To weather the storm指度过难关。故可知第三四段主要讲述weather the storm的意义是什么。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. ”可知暴风雨前的宁静任何事都可能发生，这是一段某些不好的事情将要发生的时间。接着作者用家庭聚会作为例子来解释这一种说法的含义，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。最后一段第二句“To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. ”可知头脑风暴的意思是尝试通过与他人交流来解决一个问题，即困难可以通过团队合作来解决，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，如第五段提到暴风雨前的宁静，第六段讲“in the eye of the storm”处于风口浪尖上，最后一段说明“brainstorm”头脑风暴，可知文章主要介绍与“风暴”有关的表达，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?

Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the "out of sight, out of mind" principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.

The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling

question. When we face too many temptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.

Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱) to being exhausted in the first place.

Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.

The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year's Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don't try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you'll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and won't require making decisions at all.

（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________.

A. people have unlimited self-control

B. high motivation ensures one's success

C. willpower is hardly completely exhausted

D. too many temptations often lead to failure （2）The underlined phrase "tap into" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A. make use of B. run out of C. build D. increase

（3）The author compares self—control to muscles ________.

A. to prove the long-term effect of willpower

B. to show the significance of regular exercise

C. to argue that self-control can he easily used up

D. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control

（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer?

A. "I will give up dessert and do exercise."

B. "I will set three goals this new semester."

C. "I will read an English novel every month."

D. "I will keep myself from any temptation."

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Researchers don't believe that one's willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.”可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"The right motivation allows us to tap into those

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2017届全国高考英语阅读理解汇编(1)英语试卷

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