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英语六级阅读理解附答案解析

Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.But the environment must also have a profound

effect,since if competition is important toIhe

parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, ahighly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standardand

measure their successby sporting achievements. The current passion for making childrencompete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in whichcompetitive

A-types seem in some way better than theirB-type fellows. Being too keen to wincan have dangerous that Pheidippides,the firstmarathonrunner,dropped dead seconds after

saying:"Rejoice,we conquer!"

By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis onexaminations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they dowell. The merits

of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competitionin the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirabl that all A youngsters change into B's. The worldneeds A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to

hispossible future employment. It is top management.

If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spentteaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions.especially medicine,could

be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations assensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistaketo choose our doctors exclusively from A-typestock. B's are important

and should be encouraged.

[l]性格在很大程度上是遗传的——A型性格的父母通常养育出A型性格的子女。但是环境一定也有深远的影响，因为如果父母很看重竞争，那么竞争很有可能成为孩子们生活中的一个重要因素。

学校是儿童吸收A型性格特点的一个地方，因为学校本质上就是一个竞争激烈的机构。许多学校都采纳“不惜一切代价获取成功”的道德标准，以炫耀成绩作为衡量学生成功的

标准。最近热衷于让孩子们与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一个双层体系，[2]在这个体

系里面，善于竞争的A型性格的人好像在某个方面要比他们B型性格的同伴更胜一筹。求

胜心切可能带来危险的后果：还记得第一个跑马拉松的费迪皮迪兹吗?他在说了“欢呼吧，我们赢了!”数秒钟后便倒地身亡。

学校里最糟糕的竞争形式就是过分强调考试。很少有学校允许学生集中精力做他们擅

长的事。[3]考试这种竞争方式的价值有点令人怀疑，而明知会失败仍然竞争，这就绝对

是有害无益。

很明显，要让所有A型性格的孩子都转变为B型性格，这既不现实，也不可取。这个

世界需要A型性格的人。[4]学校的重要职责是努力让孩子的性格适合他们将来可能从事

的职业。这才是最佳的管理之道。

[5]如果学校不过于看重学习成绩，也许就有更多的时间教孩子们更坚定的价值观。

也许对护理专业人员——特别是医疗护理人员——的选择，就可以少注重化学成绩，而多

注重诸如敏感和同情心等方面。只从A型性格的人当中挑选医生肯定是个错误。B型性格

的人非常重要，应该受到鼓励。

1.Apart from the effect of the environment, personality

islargely____________________.

2.A-type individuals are usually competitive, but__________________can

lead toserious consequences.

3.The author doubts about the virtue of__________________________at schoolsbecause some students are bound to fail.

4.For schools, the top management is to fit a child's

personalityto______________________.

5.The selection of medical professionals is currently

basedon________________________.

1.[inherent]

[定位]根据题干中的the effect of the environment，personality，largely查找

到首段。

解析：题干是对原文首段的近义改写，the effect of the environment对应原文中

的第2句话，largely为原文第1句中a large extent的同义表达，所以空白处应填A inherent。

2.[being too keen to win]

[定位]根据题干中的A-type，competitive，cause，dangerous consequences查找

到第2段最后两句。

解析：空白处缺少主语，原文倒数第2句中的competitive A-types对应题干的前半句，题干lead toserious consequences是最后一句中can have dangerous consequences的同义替换，所以being tookeen to win为答案。

3.[competition by examination]

[定位]根据题干中的doubts about,the virtue和fail查找到第3段末句。

解析：本句说的是，作者质疑考试这种竞争方式，因为对一些孩子而言。明知是短处、肯定会失败而做无谓的竞争，这种竞争是无益的。doubts about和the virtue对应原文

中的questionable和the merits，而题目中because从句是对原文in the certain knowledge of failure的近义改写，所以competition

byexamination为答案。

4.[his possible future employment]

[定位]根据题干中的top management，a child's personality查找到第4段第2、3句。

解析：该段末句中It指代上句的内容，即努力让孩子的性格适合他们将来可能从事

的职业，原文personalityto后的内容为本题答案。

5.[good grades in chemistry/academic achievements]

[定位]根据题干中的selection，professionals查找到末段前两句。

解析：原文说希望今后选拔医务人员时应更关注候选人的情感，比如是否敏感，是否

有同情心，而不是一味地看成绩good grades in chemistry。由此可得知，现在的选拔制度注重的是成绩。本题答案也可归纳为academic achievements。

感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

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2010 年6 月六级真题 Passage One 发达国家中只有两个国家不能保证提供用于照料新生儿的带薪休假。去年春天，这两个国家中的一个——澳大利亚——放弃了这种令人质疑的殊荣，建立了自2011 年起开始实施的带薪家庭休假制。在美国这并没有成为新闻，我并不感到意外——现在我们是唯一没有这项政策的富有国家。 美国确实有一个明确的家庭政策，这就是于1993 年通过的《家庭和医疗休假法》。它规定要照料新生儿或处理家庭医疗问题的工人有资格享受时间长达12 个星期的不带薪休假。尽管此法案带来的利益不明显，但当时商务部和其他一些商业团体都极力反对，称其为“政府负责的人事管理”和“危险的先例”。事实上，民主党领袖一直都致力于将能促进工作与家庭关系平衡的措施形成法律条文，但每一次的努力都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。 正如耶鲁大学法学教授Anne Alstott 所辩解的那样，要肯定父母关爱的作用就要将家庭定义为一种社会商品，从某种意义上讲，社会要为此埋单。在她的书《无路可走：父母对孩子的亏欠以及社会对家长的亏欠》中，她认为父母在生活的多个方面都肩负重担：在谈到孩子的话题时，父母们“无路可走”：“社会希望也需要家长们能不间断地照看好他们的孩子，而且是人类用以开发智力、培养情感和树立道德的那种深度的、亲密无间的照看。社会还希望并需要父母们能坚守这一角色，18 年如一日，如有必要，甚至还可以更长。” 大部分父母出于爱都会照顾孩子，不照顾孩子的父母则会受到公众的处罚。换句话说，父母们所做的一切都是这个国家所密切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅从道德上来说是迫切的而且对这个社会的未来至关重要。国家在大多数保障儿童福利的家庭法律中都认可了这一点，而父母们在履行社会所强加给他们的、会改变其命运的义务时得到的帮助却甚少。把养育孩子视为个人选择、集体没有责任的做法不仅仅忽视了良好家庭教育所产生的社会效益，而且会抹杀这部分社会效益，因为当今天的孩子成为明天的具有生产力的公民时这部分社会效益会属于整个社会。实际上，据估计父母对孩子投入的价值，包括时间和金钱的投入（包括失去的薪水）相当于国内生产总值的20%—30%。如果这些投入能够产生巨大的社会效益——很明显能产生——那么为家庭提供更多的社会支持所带来的效益将会更加显而易见。 Passage Two 塔夫茨大学公民学习和参与信息研究中心(CIRCLE)一份新的调查显示，现在有比以前更多的年轻人参与投票选举，美国发展中心2008 年的一份调查也表明越来越多的年轻选民和活动家开始支持传统的自由事业。但要看出这些调查数字在现实生活中的意义并非易事。在总统竞选期间，巴拉克·奥巴马以希望和改变为宣传口号组成了不同种族之间和不同意识形态之间人们的联盟。当新一届政府执政下的现实生活步入正轨的时候，有些支持者可能会大失所望。随着国家进一步走入奥巴马执政时代，参与政治的年轻人是会继续支持奥巴马及其施政议程还是会渐行渐远？ “O（奥巴马的简称）一代”是《新闻周刊》新开的一个博客，致力于记录那些支持奥巴马的年轻人的生活。“O 一代”的作者们想就上面的问题做出回答。未来的三个月，Michelle Kremer 和其他11 位年龄从19 岁到34 岁不等的奥巴马支持者将会用博客来记录美国社会的主流生活，一个不同之处在于：通过将他们所有的观点和经历与新任总统及其领导下的政府紧密结合，这些博客作者试图开启一场对话，探讨在当今美国，年轻并且在政治方面活跃到底意味着什么。24 岁的Malena Amusa 是该博客的一位作者，也是来自圣路易斯的一位舞者，她将这一项目看做是即时记录历史的一种方式。Amusa 今年春天为了完成其著作前往印度，后来又去塞内加尔教授英语，她和她的朋友一直在谈论奥巴马当政会如何改变他们的日常生活，她希望把其中的一些观点和她的全球性视角写到帖子里。她很兴奋，要看清楚世界，“我不必等上15 年”，她这样解释说。 Henry Flores 是圣玛丽大学的政治学教授，他将年轻一代的政治力量归因于他们对科技的拥护。“网络使他们接触到更多的思想，”他说，“不同地区想法相同的人们就会聚到一起。”这正是“O 一代”博主们所期待的事情。结果可能会出现一群年轻人，就像他们在二战后生育高峰期出生的父母一样，伴随一种强烈的目的感而成长，他们也会改变此前从“X 一代”人身上所继承下来的冷漠形象。由一群普通但有抱负的年轻人来管理博客是个不小的挑战，但“O 一代”的成员能胜任这项任务。