高考英语易错题解析-名词性从句

［考题1］The photographs will show you______.

解题思路：根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。

答案：B

易错警示：在陈述句中，简单疑问句作宾语从句时，用陈述语序。

［考题2］He asked______ for a violin.

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

答案：D

（二）用it代替主语从句或宾语从句

为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放在后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what, whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。

［考题3］I hate______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them

解题思路：此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末，其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。

答案：A

易错警示：考生如果不仔细，很容易错选B。

（三）关联词的区分

名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择问题，而在关联词的选择中，主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。

1. whether和if的区别以及whether, if和that的区别。

Whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether, 不能用if; whether, if 引导的名词转化而来的，含有疑问意义，而that引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。

［考题4］What the doctors really doubt is______ my mother will recover from the serous disease soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

解题思路：这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether. 这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是是否能很快从重病中恢复过来”。

答案：C

易错警示：易错选B，注意文中表达的是“是否”之意，而非“怎样”。

2. that从句与wh-从句的区别：

That 连词在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。

［考题5］______ we can’t get seems better than_____ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that

D. That; what 解题思路：此题考查了两个名词性从句，因为从句中都缺宾语，所以都应选what 不选，that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成分。

答案：A

易错警示：这里把what和that的区别显示得很清楚，考生应牢记。

［考题6］--Do you remember______ he came?

--Yes, I do. He came by car.

A. how

B. when

C. that

D. if

解题思路：根据答语He came by car. 可知，问句应是提问方式，所以选择A 项how.

答案：A

易错警示：当问及方式、方法、怎样的，应用how.

3. what, which, who, when, where, how等引导的名词性从句与whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等引导的名词性从句的区别：

后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Who/ whom, whoever/ whomever 的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用who/ whoever, 作宾语时用whom/ whomever.

［考题7］It is generally considered unwise to give a child______ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

解题思路：根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants 缺少宾语，排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选B项whatever，表示“无论什么”。

答案：B

易错警示：however无论如何。

［考题8］_____ leaves the room lat ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone B The person C. Whoever D Who

解题思路：此题不含有疑问意义，所以用whoever引导主语从句，强调“无论谁”。Whoever在从句中作主语。

答案：C

易错警示：如选B，则应将leaves改为leaving.

4. who, what, which, how, when, where 之间的词义区别以及whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等之间的词义区别。

这主要从两个方面来区分:一是分析句子结构，看其在从句中作什么成分；二是理清其在句中的含义。

［考题9］A computer can only do_______ your have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

解题思路：根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语，因为宾语从句中to do 后面缺少宾语，所以应选C项what. 这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情”。

答案：C

易错警示：只有what和whatever才有这样的双重身份，能作引导词同时也作宾语从句中的宾语部分。

［考题10］I read about it in some book or other, does it matter______ it was?

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. which

解题思路：这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书以要填which, 这句话的意思是“我在某书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”

答案：D

易错警示：易错选B. matter 是不及物动词，不能直接接what.

［考题11］--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

--Is that______ you had a few days off?

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. where

解题思路：根据上句提供的语，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”所以选A. why引导的表语从句。

答案：A

易错警示：have a day off请一天假。

［考题12］ I still remember______ this used to be a quiet place.

A. when

B. how

C. where

D. what

解题思路：本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D项what, 而B、C句意不通，所以应选A项when.本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方”。

答案：A

易错警示：used to be过去常常是。

［考题13］Go and get your coat. It’s______ you left it.

A. where

B. there

C. there where

D. where there

解题思路：本题考查了where引导表语从句的用法。

答案：A

易错警示：考生容易误选C，把where看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是there 是副词，不能有定语从句修饰。

5. whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however等与no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no how的区别。

前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

［考题14］Sarah hopes to become a friend of______ shares her interests.

A. anyone

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter who

解题思路：no matter 加疑问词只能引导状语从句，不能引导词性从句，排除D, 而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语，所以不选B，应该选C项whoever. 答案：C

易错警示：whomever只能在人句中作宾语。

［考题15］_____ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.

A. How

B. Whatever

C. However

D. No matter

解题思路：这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是：“无论我给他多少劝告，他却完全按他所想的去做”。不能填how,因为how只能引导名词性从句，不能引导让步状语从句，此处however相当于no matter how引导让步状语从句。答案：C

易错警示：advice是不可数名词，考生在做此题时要留心。

另外，在名词生从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：

1. 主语从句

whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区别。

whatever相当于anything that, 是what的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。例如：

Whatever she does is ridiculous.

whoever 相当于anyone who, 是who的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何??????的人”。例如：

Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. whichever“无论哪个；无论哪些”既指人，也指物；可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。例如：

Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others. Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.

2. 表语从句

Reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why引导，但reason 后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。例如：

The reason why we didn’t trust him is that he has often lied. 3. 同位语从句

（1）能跟同位语从句的名词

idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等名词后面，可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词进一步的解释，说明前面的名词的具体含义。例如：

We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own.

They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again.

（2）同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. (that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. (that引导同位语从句)

I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句，不能省略)

Have you got the idea(that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

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