高考英语阅读理解题题型解读与应试技巧

高考英语阅读理解题题型解读与应试技巧高考英语试卷阅读理解占40分，居各题型之首。可以说阅读理解能力的高低；是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键之所在。同时还有完形填空、阅读表达、阅读填空等题型，其实质都在考查学生们的阅读理解能力。纵观近几年各省市高考英语卷中阅读理解，考生出现的错误大多集中在文章能轻松读懂而题目偏难的陷阱题中。所以要想提高阅读理解得分，不仅需要提高自身英语基础，还要掌握高考试题出题思路、出题规律以及各类型题的解题技巧。

1．事实细节题：

一般针对某个特定的细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解。考生通过通读全文后可直接找出答题依据。细节理解题有三种题型：纯细节题、计算题、细节推断题。三类题中细节推断题一般难度较大，考生要细细推敲。从最近几年的高考题看来细节理解题占了考题的一半左右。

设题方式：

①单词替换

②颠倒因果

③扩大范围

④常识判断

解题秘诀：回扣原文

①根据题干所及的时间、地点、人物等回扣原文。特别注意：五个w (who,

which, when, where, what), 一个h (how)以及其它特殊之处

②根据设题顺序回扣原文所在语句，比较有效信息。如数字、日期、时间等。

③根据题干中的关键词或其同义词回扣原文（如名词、动词、形容词）

④回扣原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。这时应注意文中的

同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等

实例解析：

1．2003年高考英语阅读理解题第56题：

It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _________.

A. was named after its discoverer

B. got its name from Holland settlers

C. was named by the British government

D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

答案为A。

原文第一段原句为“Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (葡萄牙海军上将) of the sa me name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a pop ulation of a few hundred.”表明该岛屿的命名者为其发现者。

2．NMET2004全国卷二65题

65. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?

A.1

B.4

C. 23

D.44

答案为B。

原文细节材料为Due in part to old, inefficient batteries, Helios f inished fourth—out of four—in its kind, the sun—powered class. “W e were there for the fun of it.” Anna says. “We’re proud of Helios,”says Ariel Gleicher, 14. “It’s a car that’s good for the environm ent.” 应注意细节out of four。

2．词意猜测题：

此类题目要求考生正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。

设题方式：

①一般是利用多种表达法、词的多个意性、同近义词语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等方式来考查。

②常见的设问形式：

①The underlined word in the…paragraph refers to / means _______ _.

②What does “ ________” in paragraph… stand for / mean?

③“_______” could best be replaced by which of the following?

④The expression / phrase “_______” me ans ________.

⑤The word “_______” is closest in meaning to ________.。

解题秘诀：上下文推理

①代入替换法。把四个选项分别代入题干，据语言逻辑判断哪个更加符合上

下文的逻辑意思。

②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组。做这类题的关键是：该单词本身并不

重要，重要的是该单词的上下文

③利用语法和逻辑。有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法，仍然不能得

到唯一答案，就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断，符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案，反之则不是正确答案。

实例解析：

1．2007年全国卷I 69题

The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probabl y mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching

B. tired of teaching

C. satisfied with teaching

D. unhappy about teaching

答案为A

原文材料为Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Neb raska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and chan ged his major from medicine to education.使用代入替换法，易得A项。2。2007浙江卷59题

What does the underlined phras e “this battle”(last paragraph) re fer to?

A. The war between the boy’s parents.

B. The arguing between the boy and his mother.

C. The quarrel between the boy and his customers.

D. The fight between the boy and his father.

答案为B

原文材料为My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long a s I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain w

orkman’s life, determined that I would not grow up like him and his people.从该句可看出母子之间的口角站持续了多年。

3．2007山东卷第65题

The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 m ost probably mean s __________.

A. discouraging

B. interesting

C. creative

D. unbearabl

e

答案为A

考查词义猜测。根据第一段的“ Creating a music program with almost no money for equipment supplies in a climate where standardbased lea rning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers”这句话，再参照上下文的语言环境可以知道该词表示“不利的”。3．观点态度题

该题型主要考察学生对文中的有关语句、要点、细节、观点等的理解能力。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的基础上，作出合理判断。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的基础上，选出作者对文章所谈问题的态度，而不是我们对某一问题的经验。这类题要求考生从文章的论述方法、语气和遣词造句中把握作者对人与事的好恶，了解作者的态度和情感；这类题目需要多注意文章开头、结尾等传达作者感情倾向的地方。

设题方式：

一般作者的态度分为三大类：

①支持、赞同、乐观

②客观、中立

③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观

除此之外，没有其他的作者态度

解题秘诀：

①理解文章、合理推断，切不可经验主义。

②找文中带有感情色彩的名次、动词、形容词、副词

③根据作者举的例子判断

实例解析：

1．07宁夏卷第67题

The author seems to believe that ___________.

A. having brothers and sisters is fun

B. it’s ti ring to look after three children

C. every child needs parents’ full attention

D. parents should watch others’ children

答案为C

文章介绍了作者和邻居轮流照料小孩，从而采用一种亲子游戏—“Mommy an d Me”，在和孩子单独游戏的时候，孩子们发展的空间更大，受益更多。文章最后一段“…I also discovered something different in each of my childre n during our alone times…”表明了作者的观点。

2。07广东卷第67题

The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to__ _.

A. lying

B. stealing

C. cheating

D. advertising

答案为C

作者在第五段落中“In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ours elves as a type of thief.”鲜明地表明了自己的态度。

4．推理判断题：

这一类题主要针对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意）、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作思路及目的等方面，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，包括对事情的前因后果、人物的目的动机和性格特征、作者的倾向态度、语言中的语态和语气等进行推断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。但考生应该明白，推断也应依据原文材料，并非凭空推断。

该题型有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提到的情况进行

推理想象，对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息或作者

愿意的最佳答案。

设题方式：

多角度设置干扰项

①只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理

②看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变

目的等

③根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准

④推理过头,引申过渡

⑤常见的设问形式：

① We can infer / conclude from the passage that _______.

② It can be inferred / concluded (from the passage ) that ______

__.

③ The passage / story / author / paragraph implies, but does not

directly state that _______.

④ The author’s / writer’s attitu de（态度）towards …is _______.

⑤ What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?

⑴ 标志：关键词：infer imply

解题秘诀：依据原文认真比较选项

①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达，正确答案与原文之间没有任何推

理关系

②做题时可以寻找四个选项中三错一对的关系

⑶ 如果四个选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与

原文意思最接近、所用推理最少的选项即是正确答案

实例解析：

1．07山东卷第58题

It can be inferred from the text that __________。

A. the author’s family was in financial difficulty

B. rents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster

C. houses were difficult to find in the hurricane stricken area

D. the mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank

答案为A

原文材料第一段第二句They lay my house,reduced to waist-high ruins, smellyand dirty可推测房子被暴雨冲毁。再有第三段第一句we decided to move and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage on our ruined house可做出推理判断，作者因为需要支付银行贷款，在找便宜的房子，所以可以推断作者经济拮据。

2。07湖北卷第64题

It can be concluded from the passage that .

A. promising drugs will soon stop AIDS

B. the spread of AIDS could be controlled

C. it is hopeless to win the battle against AIDS

D. the death rate of AIDS patients has been reduced

答案为B

文章最后一段的“there are fresh reasons for optimism in the battle against AIDS. During the past few years, there has been a drop in ne w AIDS cases…”说明“艾滋病其实是可以控制的”。

5．主旨大意题

主旨题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一，测试阅读理解的基本能力；要求考生在理解全文后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想，掌握所读材料的大意。这种题型考查学生在语言水平上对文章的把握，是否具备分辨主题和细节、提纲挈领的能力是解题的关键。

设题方式：

常见的设问形式：

（1) What is the main subject / the best title of the passage?

（2) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

（3) The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage i s ________.

（4) From the passage we know that _______.

（5) The main idea of this passage is ________.

（6) The passage is mainly about _______.

（7) Choose the best title for the passage.

（8）What’s the purpose/attitude of …?

解体秘诀：抓主题句

1、主题句是用来表达文章或段落的中心思想的，通常在文章第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等处出现，阅读时要特别注意。

2、进行整体阅读，抓文章逻辑结构。文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分，而在高考阅读中以“总－分－总”结构类型题居多。所以重读文章首、尾两段以及每段首句，对把握文章结构和主旨理解有很大帮助。

实例解析：

1．2007广东卷第50题

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?_____ ___

A. How to Live Truthfully

B. Importance of Peacefulness

C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect

D. Happiness through Honorable

Actions

答案为D

结合原文阅读材料可知本文通过举例来说明一个道理, 即文章的第二段中“how honorable actions create happiness””””和第四段是文章的两个主题。

2。2007江苏卷第63题

Which would be the best title for this passage?________

A. We’re Alone on the Internet

B. We’re Communicating on the Internet

C. We’re Alone Together on the Internet

D. We’re in the Imaginary World of the Interne

t.

答案为C

原文中的术语“networked individualism”是两个意义矛盾的词语的组合,网络既可以让人有自己的空间,又可以让他们互相交流, 是因特网的两个特点，所以C选项中的alone 和together正好与此吻合。

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型

（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文

(英语)高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编

（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A

高三英语阅读理解(带详解)

I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order

上海高考英语题型+阅读分析

上海高考英语题型+阅读分析

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