大学英语3 unite8 cloning
1.I was extremely close with my mother all my life. She was a brilliant
educator, writer and wonderful woman. Sadly, she developed complications related to diabetes. When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk, it was absolutely horrifying for me. She passed away from a fall seven or eight years ago. At her funeral, I swore that one day I'd do something about conditions like hers.
2.Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with
stem cells. In 2004 and 2005 Hwang Woo-Suk fraudulently reported that he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning
3.Back then it wasn't known it was a fraud, so it was very exciting to think that
a long list of diseases could be treated。
4.I founded the stem cell research company Stemagen with another
gentleman whose father had died of ALS. We went out for drinks one night and we started talking about our parents. We wanted to do something that would be a legacy for them.
5.For Better Or Worse?
6.The moment we decided to start Stemagen, I read all there was to read
about the various cloning efforts in the past. The cloned sheep Dolly in 1997 was very interesting, but at that stage people were not focusing on the stem cell aspect of cloning; they were focusing on the reproductive
possibilities of cloning.
7.Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical
standpoint and a scientific standpoint, even ignoring any religious issues associated with it. The reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal, with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetalanomalies, death soon after birth, et cetera.
8.It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them
through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.
Even though people could take the techniques that we've developed and attempt to do it (or perhaps even be successful doing it), we hope that they would not.
9.On the other hand, therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to
human life and actually provides tremendouspotential for the relief of
suffering in real human beings who are going through some awful things.
10.I'm a pure scientist in some ways, and I know that many different studies or
findings could be used for evil. Our job as scientists is to make the most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other
scientists who can help us do good things with it. There's really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the
knowledge for something they shouldn't.
11.W e need to be honest about the techniques that we used. They need to be
able to be replicated by other people, and so, we are providing a roadmap. I would hope that the legislation that's in place and the great public
disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.
12.W hat is it they say? There is no technology that hasn't been used for some
evil purpose at some point. Quite honestly I do think that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning. I do think it's inevitable, and it's
virtually impossible to legis late that away.
13.C laim to Fame
14.I am spoken of as the first man to "clone himself." There are different types
of cloning. At the cellular level, yes, it's true I am the first man to clone himself. We thought a great deal about how to deal with the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific community know who the first cellular clone was.
15.I n the end we decided that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.
16.I didn't anticipate it would create the firestorm of controversy that it's
created, but I'm still glad we went down that path. We received thousands of e-mails and phone calls from people who need help.
17.I think by coming forward and putting a face to it we made it very real, and
now people around the world know that cloning is here. I believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically, so I think our purpose was served.
18.P ure Science
19.W hat happens is an informed and consenting woman donates an egg and we
remove her genetic material from the egg. Then we place a single skin cell inside that egg.
20.W hat we're really interested in is creating disease-specific and
person-specific stem cell lines. The procedure of taking cells from a person takes no more than a minute or two. You can take some skin cells from the arm, for example, and in one to two minutes, you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process
21.T his process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases, such as
Alzheimer's Disease, ALS or Parkinson's Disease, and then research a
variety of treatments for these diseases. If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.
22.S weet Success
23.I always thought that when our research was successful I would just be
pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not. In reality, it is transcendent— when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long time ago, at least in part.
24.W hen I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst, it brought tears to my
eyes. I had done this for my mother, and I realized, had she only been able to live a few years longer, maybe we could have used this technology to help her. It was emotional to see that potential, which she never had a chance to experience.
25.T here's a big misconception out there that we decided to destroy these
embryos for some reason. There was so much skepticism about this
process because of the scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones.
26.I n the process of analysis, the embryos were destroyed by necessity. In
other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, you have to destroy the cell. We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.
27.N ow we're working full-time on creating stem cell lines, and people are
watching with great interest.
28.T he Pope And The President
29.T here are a variety of opponents to our work.
30.W e were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in
President Bush's State of the Union address. In a sense it's an honor because it shows that we're doing something significant. It's not every day that you get condemned by the Vatican and President Bush in the same week.
31.T here's usually no dialogue between the researchers in the embryonic stem
cell field and those who oppose it.
32.I t doesn't make sense to me that it's such an emotional and contentious
topic. Logically, this is not life. I agree it's a potential life, but the vast
majority of embryos never become life. The majority generate, don't implant and die. A fetus is a life. That argument makes sense to me, but it doesn't make sense to me to look at an embryo in a lab and give it all the rights of
a human life.
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