2012年高考定语从句复习

2012年高考定语从句复习

一、概念：由一个引导词引导的一个从句修饰前面的先行词（名词或代词）或指代前面整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。

二、引导词的种类：关系代词和关系副词

1. 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，whose

作定语（=the +名词+of+ whom或the+名词+of +which）。代人的有：who,whom, that；代物的有：that,which. 例如：

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)

I′m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)

2. 关系副词：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。

例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large.

This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1. 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；

2.非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。

例：He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系)

He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容)

四、常见考点

1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

2. that 与which的区别

3.介词+关系代词

4.as 与which的区别（在非限定性定从中）

5. as 与that的区别（在限定性定从中）

6.指人时that 与who的区别

7.定语从句与易混句型（并列句，同位语从句，强调句型）

1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

基本方法：(1)找先行词(2)将先行词放在定从中，补充完整。(3)用关系词代替先行词，并将其提到定语从句的句首。

易错点:

I will never forget the day when I first went to school.

I will never forget the day (that/ which) we spent in Beijing.

The house (that/which) we visited is being repaired now.

The house where Luxun once lived is being repaired now.

1. Is this factory ____ we visited last week?

2. Is this the factory ____ we visited last week?

A、where

B、that

C、to which

D、the one

解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。正解：1.D 2.B

2. that 与which 的区别:

----------只用that的情况:

(1)先行词为all, little, the one, much, everything, nothing, no, something, anything等不定代词

(2)先行词被all, the only , the very, the just, any, every, no 等修饰时

(3)先行词是序数词或最高级或有序数词形容词最高级修饰时。(如the best, the last, the first)

(4)当先行词既包括人又包括物时

练习：1. He talked happily about the men and books___ interested him greatly in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. it

D. whom

2. This is the best film _____ I have seen.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. in that

3. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?

A. that

B. /

C. which

D. it

4. Which is the book _____ belongs to Tom?

A.whom

B. which

C. who

D. that

----------只用which不用that的情况:

(1)非限制性定语从句(2)介词后面

练习：1. His dog,______ was now old, became ill and died.

A. which B that C this D. it

2. The day on______ he was born was Dec. 20,1990.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. this

3.介词+ 关系代词

提醒: 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.

方法: 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配

(1)先行词为人,关系代词用介词+whom; 先行词为物, 用介词+which;介词+关系词可共同提前，也可只提关系词，介词放定语从句后

(2)固定的动词短语,介词不能提前。

Is this the book which/thathe is looking for?

(3)关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：

where, when, why = 介词+ which

(4)先行词是the way作状语译为“方式’ 时,

关系代词用that\in which或省略.

I don’t like the way that/in which/不填you laughed at her.

练习：（2011江西卷）34. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

2. In the dark street,there wasn’t a single pe rson ______ she could turn for help.

A.to whom

B.of whom

C.from whom

D.that

4. as与which引导的非限定性定从定语从句中的区别：

(1) which, as代替整个句子；which不能放句首,as既可以放句首，也可放句中;

(2)which译为“这一点”，as译为“正如”，常与see, say, know, mention ,expect 搭配如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as you can see

练习：用as, which 选词填空。

1. ___ we know, Taiwan belongs to China.

2. He passed the game,______ made us happy.

3. He passed the exam,______ was expected.

5. as与that引导的限定性定语从句的区别:

当先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰时,关系代词常用as。表示“像…一样”

(1)This is such an easy question as I can answer.

定语从句---这是一个我能回答的简单问题

(2)This is such an easy question that I can answer.

状语从句—这个问题如此简单以致我能回答

This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.

A. as

B. that

C.the one

D. A&B

选D

比较：

...the same pen as I lost.

表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是

... the same pen that I lost.

则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.

6. that 与who的区别:

在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替“that”.

Those who break the law are punished.

He who breaks the law is punished.

7. 易混句型

(1)定语从句与并列句

a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _____ were black with disease.

b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease.

A. them

B. which

解题点拨:

是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。

(2)定语从句与同位语从句

a. The news that our volleyball team won the match made us excited.

b. The news (that/ which) he told me yesterday is exciting.

解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成分(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。

(3)定语从句与强调句型

a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to school this morning.

b. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning.

解题点拨：强调句型：去掉It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。

五、常见错误

1错用引导词:

Find the mistakes and correct:

(1) Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.

(2) This is the very place where we visited many years ago.

2.定语从句中的被替换成分没有去掉。

(3)This is the jacket which I bought it last week.

3.定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上

应与先行词一致. the only one of定从谓语用单数；one of 定从谓语用复数

(4)This is the only one of the rooms that are free now.

六、解题思路归纳总结:

1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。

2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。

3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词

4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。

七、巩固提高:

1. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.

A. that

B. as

C. who

D. what

2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______Greek letters.

A. as, are

B. as, is

C. that, are

D. that, is

3. This is one of the best books _______.

A. that have ever been written

B. that has ever been written

C. that has written

D. that have written

4. Let me think of a proper situation _____ this sentence can be used.

A. where

B. that

C. of whom

D. which

5.I bought some books from the bookstore, five ______were English novels.

A. of which

B. which

C. that

D. in which

6.（2011浙江卷10）A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. there

7.（2011四川卷17）The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A. which

B. whose

C. when

D. where

8.（2011江苏卷24）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which

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