选择题专题训练(17) .doc

选择题专题训练（17）

姓名 班级 学号

1．化学知识广泛应用于生产、生活中，下列相关说法不．正确．．的是（ ） A ．食用松花蛋时蘸些食醋可以去除氨的气味

B ．棉花和木材的主要成分都是纤维素，蚕丝的主要成分是蛋白质

C ．只用淀粉溶液即可检验食盐是否为加碘盐

D ．液氯罐泄漏时，可将其移入水塘中，并向水塘中加入生石灰

2．已知在101kPa 时：CH 4(g)＋2O 2(g)＝CO 2(g)＋2H 2O(g)；△H＝-820kJ/mol 。下列说法中正确的是（ ）

A ．反应过程中能量关系可用右图表示

B ．CH 4的燃烧热是820kJ

C ．11.2LCH 4完全燃烧放出热量410kJ

D ．若将此反应设计成原电池，甲烷在正极被氧化3．用N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法不．正确．．

的是（ ） A ．0.2mol 过氧化氢完全分解生成0.1molO 2时转移的电子数目为0.2N A B ．300mL2mol/L 蔗糖溶液中所含分子数为0.6N A

C ．在常温常压下，17g 硫化氢气体所含质子数目为9N A

D ．在标准状况下，2.24L 二氧化硫与氧气混合气体中所含氧原子数为0.2N A

4．用下列实验装置完成对应的实验（部分仪器已省略），操作正确并能达到实验目的的是

（ ）

A ．干燥Cl 2

B ．检验K 2CO 3中的K +

C ．石油的蒸馏

D ．吸收NH 3 5．下列有关化学用语的叙述正确的是（ ） A ．硫酸铝水解的化学方程式是：Al 2(SO 4)3＋3H 2O

2Al(OH)3＋3H 2SO 4

B ．铜跟浓硝酸反应的离子方程式是：Cu ＋4NHO 3(浓)＝Cu 2+

＋2NO 3-

＋2NO 2↑＋2H 2O C ．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀时，负极发生的电极反应为：2H 2O ＋O 2＋4e -→4OH -

D ．氢氧化亚铁在空气中久置变成红褐色的化学方程式为：

Cl 2

浓H 2SO 4

NH 3

稀H 2SO 4

C 6H 6

生成物能量总和

反应过程中放出的能量

反应物能量总和 能 量

反应进程

4Fe(OH)2＋O 2＋2H 2O ＝4Fe(OH)3

6．美国梅奥诊所研究人员发现，绿茶中含有EGCG 能使中癌细胞自杀性死亡，已知EGCG 的结构如右图所示，有关EGCG 的说法中不正确的是（ ） ①EGCG 能与碳酸钠溶液反应放出二氧化碳 ②EGCG 遇FeCl 3溶液能发生显色反应

③1molEGCG 最多可与含10mol 氢氧化钠溶液完全作用 ④EGCG 在空气中易氧化

⑤1m olEGCG 最多可与含7mol 溴单质的溴水发生反应

A ．①②④

B ．①③⑤

C ．②④⑤

D ．②③④ 7．下列各溶液中，微粒的物质的量浓度关系正确的是（ ） A ．0.1mol/L 的(NH 4)2SO 4溶液中：c (SO 42-)＞c (NH 4+

)＞c (H +

)＞c (OH -

) B ．25℃时，pH ＝7的氨水和硫酸铵的混和溶液中，c (NH 4+

)＝c (SO 42-)

C ．0.1mol/L 的Na 2CO 3溶液与0.05mol/L 的盐酸等体积混合后的溶液中：

c (Na +)＞c (HCO 3-)＞c (CO 32-)＞c (OH -)＞c (H +)

D ．c (NH 4+

)相等的(NH 4)2SO 4溶液、(NH 4)2CO 3溶液和NH 4Cl 溶液：

c [(NH 4)2CO 3]＜c [(NH 4)2SO 4]＜c (NH 4Cl)

8．取两份体积均为aL 硫酸铵和硝酸铵混合液，一份需要bmol 烧碱刚好把氨全部赶出，另一份与BaCl 2溶液反应消耗cmol BaCl 2，则原溶液中NO 3-

的物质的量浓度是（ ）

A ．

B ．

D

题号 错题知识点分析

题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案 C

A

B

B

D

B

C

A

1

2-?-L mol a

c b 12-?-L mol a c b 122-?-L mol a

c b 142-?-L mol a c b

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