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(英语)初三英语阅读理解解析版汇编含解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读下面的材料，判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。

More and more people are using mobile phones now. Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. They are also used for sending e-mails or surfing the Internet. If someone talks about mobile phones, many Chinese will think of Huawei.

In China, even in the world, Huawei is a wonder （奇迹）. Ren Zhengfei built up （创建）Huawei company in 1987. The company sold 58.4 million smart phones in the first season of 2019. Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market.

Now, Huawei has been the leader in 5G field. It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. They try their best to bring digital （数码） and high technology to every person and place. It's more convenient for modern people to live in a rapid way. What a useful technology 5G is!

We are looking forward to seeing a stronger Huawei. It provides a faster and better communication way for us. It also brings "Created in China" to the world.

（1）You can use Huawei mobile phones to take photos.

（2）Ren Zhengfei set up Huawei company in 1987.

（3）Huawei has got the first place at the mobile market.

（4）Few top engineers and scientists work on research in Huawei company.

（5）Huawei gives us a slower communication way.

【答案】（1）1

（2）1

（3）0

（4）0

（5）0

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是华为手机和5G技术的发展情况。

（1）细节理解题。根据Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. 智能手机被用作电视、相机和音乐播放器。可知可以照相。故答案为：正确。

（2）细节理解题。根据Ren Zhengfei built up （创建） Huawei company in 1987。任正非于1987年创建华为公司。故答案为：正确。

（3）细节理解题。根据Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. 华为在移动市场排名第二。故华为在移动市场上占据第一。故答案为：错误。

（4）细节理解题。根据It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. 它

拥有超过75000名顶尖工程师和研究科学家。故很少有顶尖工程师和科学家在华为公司从事研究工作。故答案为：错误。

（5）细节理解题。根据It's more convenient for modern people to live in a rapid way现代人快速生活更方便。故答案为：错误。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。这篇短文内容简单容易理解，我们先阅读短文，理解短文大意。然后仔细阅读短文，根据短文的细节判断问题的正误。

2．阅读理解

When you are reading something in English, you may often meet with a new word. What's the best way to know it?

You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the Chinese meaning and how to use the word. But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly? First, all the English words are arranged （安排） in the letter order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with letter A, then B, C, D…. That means, if there are t wo words "desert" and "pull", "desert" will be certainly before "pull". Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fourth…For example, "pardon" is before "plough", "judge" before "just", etc.

Do you understand how to look up in the dictionary? The dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you'll use it as often as possible in your English study.

（1）This passage is about _____.

A. new words in writing

B. different dictionaries

C. the best way of reading

D. using an English-Chinese dictionary

（2）In the dictionary you may not find _____.

A. how to pronounce the word

B. the spelling of the word

C. who used the word first

D. how to use the word

（3）In an English-Chinese dictionary, the last word _____.

A. begins with Z

B. begins with A

C. is a short one

D. is not often used

（4）Which group of words is in the right order in an English-Chinese dictionary?

A. perhaps, produce, plenty

B. straight, subject, surprise

C. century, center, business

D. foreign, entrance, headache

（5）In the passage the writer tries to tell us that _____.

A. we have to use a dictionary when we read something in English

B. an English-Chinese dictionary can tell us everything about a word

C. an English-Chinese dictionary can help us a lot in our English study

D. all English-Chinese dictionary are the same

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了怎样使用英汉字典。

（1）主旨题。根据 How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly如何快速准确地在词典中找到它，可知本文介绍了怎样使用英汉字典，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the Chinese meaning and how to use the word它会告诉你很多关于这个词的事情：发音，中文意思和如何使用这个词，可知在字典里你可能找不到谁先使用这个词的，故选C。

（3）推理题。根据In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with letter A, then B, C, D….字典里你可以首先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B，C，D…，字母z是字母表中最后的字母，可知在英汉词典中，最后一个单词从z开始，故选A。

（4）推理题。根据if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fou rth…如果有两个词都以同一个字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。然后第三，第四，可知straight, subject, surprise 在英汉词典中排列正确，故选B。

（5）推理题。根据dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you'll use it as often as possible in your English study词典将是你的好朋友。我希望你在英语学习中尽可能多地使用它，可知作者试图告诉我们，当我们用英语阅读时，我们必须使用字典，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

3．阅读理解

Some parents are always comparing their children with themselves when they were young, or with other people when they were children.

"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year. And I knew what I wanted to do when I left school. I had goals. You are always at the bottom of your class, and you have no goals."

The man's son said nothing. He had heard this from his father many times.

"And when your mother was your age," the boy's father went on, "she had a good job and she was earning money. You don't even have a part-time job. You earn nothing."

The man's son still said nothing. He had heard this before, too.

"And when your older brother was your age," the boy's father went on, "he studied hard. You just waste your time."

And the man's son still said nothing.

Finally, the boy's father said, "And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night."

This time the son could not stay silent.

"And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, Father," he said, "he was the President of the United States. What are you?"

His father had no answer to this.

（1）The father compared his son with the following people EXCEPT ________.

A. himself

B. the boy's brother

C. Abraham Lincoln

D. the boy's classmates （2）How did the boy probably feel?

A. Happy.

B. Afraid.

C. Angry.

D. Surprised.

（3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Some parents like comparing their children with other children.

B. The boy's father studied very well when he was young.

C. The boy was the youngest child in his family.

D. The father wanted his son to become President of the USA

（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. A happy family on vacation.

B. A father complaining about his son.

C. A son lying to his father.

D. Abraham Lincoln as a child.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个抱怨自己儿子的爸爸。

（1）细节题。根据"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸把儿子和自己比较；根据"And when your older brother was your age," the boy's father went on, "he studied hard. You just waste your time."可知爸爸把儿子和男孩的哥哥比较；根据Finally, the boy's father said, "And when Abraham Lincoln was your age, he worked all day and studied at night."可知爸爸把儿子和Abraham Lincoln比较，没有把儿子和同学比较，故选D。

（2）推断题。根据全文可知爸爸一直抱怨儿子，把儿子和他人比较，所以儿子是生气的，即angry，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据"When I was your age," a father said to his sixteen-year-old son one day, "I was at the top of my class every year.可知爸爸小时候在班级里是好学生，即学习好，故选B。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了一个抱怨儿子的爸爸，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

4．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals resulting from using a mobile device （设备） while walking.

Hawaii passed a law making it illegal （违法的） to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street, it is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey. Here are some replies they received.

Rena Jose, 26, New York

Which is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole, because both had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities. Andy Selvam, 55, California

People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from texting and walking if they're not paying attention. But 1 still think they should have a choice.

Bob Madigan, 45, Oregon

As humans, we can make our own decisions. I'm not saying it's safe, but we don't need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make smart decisions, the government needs to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.

Andrew Black, 34, Alaska

This law is a good idea—compare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over the USA, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.

street.

A. Alaska

B. California

C. Hawaii

D. New York

（2）The LA Times did the survey most probably to ________.

A. win the hearts of more readers

B. encourage more states to pass the law

C. ask readers if they agree with texting while driving

D. learn about people's opinions on texting while walking

（3）In Rena's reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by ________.

A. using numbers

B. giving examples

C. asking questions

D. telling stories

（4）Which of the following is Andrew Black's opinion?

A. Texting is more important than safety.

B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.

C. It's easy to please everyone when passing a law.

D. Whether to text or not while walking is people's own choice.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍在美国的47个州，开车时发短信是违法的。而在夏威夷，通过了一项法律，规定过马路时发短信或看手机是违法的，这是第一个有类似法律的州。与此同时洛杉矶报对一些人对这项法律的看法做了一次调查。

（1）细节理解题。由Hawaii passed a law making it illegal （违法的） to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street, it is the first state with a law like this. 可知在夏威夷过马路时发短信或看手机是违法的，故选C。

（2）逻辑推理题。由Do people think more places should accept such a law?可以推知想通过调查过马路时发短信或看手机是违法的看法，故选D。

（3）论证的方法题。由Which is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous.可知想通过实例来说明走路看手机的危害，故选B。

（4）细节理解题。由 If this law is passed all over the USA, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe and good for all Americans.可知这条法律对所有美国人都是安全和有益的，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。

5．根据短文内容，判断句子正误。

Miss Grey lived in a small house. She was old and did not like noise at all, so she was very pleased when her noisy neighbor moved out. A young man moved in and Miss Grey thought the man seemed to be quiet.

But at three o'clock the next morning, the noise of a dog woke her up. She thought she had never heard a dog there before. It must be the young man's dog. So she telephoned the young man, said something bad about the dog and then hung up the telephone before he could answer. Nothing more happened until three o'clock the next morning. Then Miss Grey's telephone rang, and when she answered, a voice said, "You telephoned me twenty-four hours ago, now I ring you up to say that I don't have a dog."

（1）Miss Grey felt sorry when her noisy neighbor moved out.

（2）Miss Grey's new neighbor was as noisy as the old neighbor.

（3）Miss Grey thought the new neighbor had brought a dog with him.

（4）The young man rang up Miss Grey because he wanted to punish her.

（5）The young man had a big dog so it always woke Miss Grey up in the morning.

【答案】（1）0

（2）0

（3）1

（4）1

（5）0

【解析】【分析】主要讲了Grey女士不喜欢噪音，一天新邻居搬来后，第二天早上三点，狗叫声把Grey女士吵起来，她给邻居打电话说狗的事情就挂断电话，第二天早上三点邻居给她打电话说自己没有狗。

（1）细节题。根据so she was very pleased when her noisy neighbor moved out.可知所以当她吵闹的邻居搬出去时，她非常高兴，故选错误。

（2）细节题。根据A young man moved in and Miss Grey thought the man seemed to be quiet.可知新邻居是安静的，故选错误。

（3）细节题。根据It must be the young man's dog.可知Grey女士认为狗是年轻人的，故选正确。

（4）细节题。根据"You telephoned me twenty-four hours ago, now I ring you up to say that I don't have a dog."可知年轻人告诉Grey女士狗不是自己的，所以在早上三点打电话，目的是惩罚女士，故选正确。

（5）细节题。根据"You telephoned me twenty-four hours ago, now I ring you up to say that I don't have a dog."可知年轻人告诉Grey女士狗不是自己的，故选错误。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。

6．阅读理解

Tony is a student aged 15. He and his parents are going to travel around Beijing this summer. Below is some information that they have got.

The Palace Museum Opening hours: Tuesday—Sunday 8:30 —17:00（Monday Closed）The Summer Palace Opening hours: Monday—Sunday 6:30 —18:00 Admission: adult: ￥30

Admission: adult: ￥60

student : ￥20

child （under 6）: free

student : ￥15

child （under 6）: free

The Badaling Great Wall

Opening hours:

Monday—Sunday 6:00 —19:30

Admission: adult: ￥40

student : ￥20

child （under 6）: free

Beijing Zoo

Opening hours:

Monday—Sunday 7:30 —18:00

Admission: adult: ￥15

student : ￥7.5

child （under 6）: free

A. The Palace Museum

B. Beijing Zoo

C. the Summer Palace

D. the Badling Great Wall

（2）Tony and his parents can't go to visit the Palace Museum on _____________.

A. Monday

B. Tuesday

C. Saturday

D. Sunday

（3）How much will Tony and his parents pay if they visit the Summer Palace and the Badaling Great Wall?

A. ￥105

B. ￥140

C. ￥175

D. ￥210

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：托尼暑假想去北京旅游，文章介绍了北京四个旅游景点的营业时间，门票价格等。

（1）细节理解题，根据Tony interested in animals 可知托尼对动物感兴趣，他应该去动物园，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据Opening hours:Tuesday—Sunday 8:30 —17：00可知故宫周一不营业，故答案是A。

（3）数字计算题，根据Admission: adult: ￥30； student : ￥15和Admission: adult: ￥40；student : ￥20可知父母加托尼三个人去北戴河需要30x2+15=75，去八达岭需要40x2+20=100，一共需要75+100=175 ，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和数字计算题，细节理解题比较简单，可以直接从文章中找到答案，数字计算题则需要根据文章中的数字进行必要的计算得出结果。

7．阅读理解

Dubai （迪拜） is a good place to travel to. There, you can find many tall buildings, taste lots of delicious food and experience some interesting things. Have you ever been to this city? If you go to Dubai during the summer holiday, you may see a special kind of "taxi". It is a drone （无人机）. It flies in the sky by itself！ It is said that Dubai plans to use Chinese—made droes as a self —flying air taxi in July.

The drone taxi is named EHang 184. A Chinese company（公司）made it. The city of Dubai will start using it in July. It will be the world's first passenger drone, according to Yahoo News.

The drone taxi can fly up to 3, 500 meters high. It can fly at a top speed of 160 kilometers an hour. It can only take one person.

How do you call an EHang1842 You use its app（应用程序） on your phone. When the drone comes, you choose the place you want to go to on a touch screen. There is no pilot in the drone. But some people on the ground will be watching it. They will make sure your trip is safe. You don't have to worry about it.

EHang 184's battery（电池） can only keep about 30 minutes, So it cannot take you further than 50 kilometers.

Would you like to take a trip in this flying drone? Don't wait. Let's go!

（1）EHang 184 was made by a（n） company.

A. Dubai's

B. American

C. Japanese

D. Chinese

（2）Which statement （陈述） about EHang 184 is correct?

A. There is a pilot in it.

B. Its battery can keep around half an hour.

C. It can fly up to 4, 500 kilometers.

D. The trip in it isn't safe.

（3）Where may we find this article?

A. On the Internet.

B. In a guide book.

C. In a story book.

D. In a novel.（4）What's the best title of the passage?

A. The Exciting Vacation

B. The Special Trip

C. The Drone Taxi

D. The Computer Company

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述了迪拜将开始投入名叫EHang 184空中出租车，这种车的时速和乘坐人数和这种出租车如何使用。

（1）细节理解题。根据It is said that Dubai plans to use Chinese—made droes as a self —flying air taxi in July．据说迪拜计划使用中国制造的无人机作为空中出租车。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据 EHang 184's battery（电池） can only keep about 30 minutes．可知EHang 184's 电池可以持续30分钟，故选B。

（3）文章出处题。本文主要讲述了迪拜将开始投入空中出租车的事情，与小说，故事和导游手册无关，故选A。

（4）主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了迪拜将开始投入名叫 EHang 184空中出租车。故选C。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先阅读短文，理解短文大意。对于细节理解题可知直接从短文细节中找出问题答案。对于文章出处要根据文章的内容确定。对于主旨大意题，要根据文章的中心思想确定。

8．阅读理解

When throwing away rubbish, do you know which Bin it should go in? Have you ever noticed the differently-colored Bins on the street?

Some of you might not be able to answer this question. However, it's actually quite important to know how to sort your waste. Not knowing how to sort waste can make it harder to save energy and protect the environment.

If you don't sort your waste, all of it will go to a landfill and Be Buried（埋） together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have Been used for planting trees or Crops. The electronic waste you throw away, such as Batteries, Can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other pieces of waste, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.

With this in mind, many Cities in China have Been running waste-sorting Campaigns （活动）in recent years. For example, Shanghai announced in July that within three years, all of its residents（居民）should sort their waste into four groups wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.

"Wet" waste is also known as household waste." They are things you don't want but that pigs can eat," Guangzhou Daily explained. Paper, metal, glass and other things that Can Be reused are recyclable waste.

Harmful waste includes things like medicine, Batteries and fluorescent Bulbs. Finally, any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the" dry waste" bin.

Many other Chinese Cities, including Shenzhen, plan to use this method to sort their garbage. Now that you know this, perhaps you can do your part to protect the environment and encourage others to sort their waste.

（1）The passage is most probably from a（an）__________.

A. newspaper

B. notion

C. Advertisement

D. science story

（2）The underlined word "landfill" in this passage means"__________" in Chinese.

A. 垃圾箱

B. 垃圾填埋场

C. 农场

D. 陆地（3）Which of the following things are harmful waste?

A. medicine, fluorescent Bulbs and metal

B. Batteries, glass and metal

C. medicine, fluorescent Bulbs and Batteries

D. medicine, Batteries and paper

（4）The author writes this passage in order to __________.

A. introduce waste-sorting Campaigns in recent years

B. tell people to sort the trash and protect the environment

C. advise people to sort the garbage into four groups

D. describe the disadvantages of not sorting the garbage

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了垃圾对环保的危害，以及如何分类垃圾，利于环保。

（1）推理题。A报纸，B概念，C广告，D科学故事，本文是介绍可知如何分类垃圾，利于环保的文章，故应来源于报纸，故选A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据can take up large areas of ground that could have Been used for planting trees or Crops可能会占据大片原本可以用来植树或种植庄稼的土地. 可知表示占地与地点有关，而 If you don't sort your waste 表示垃圾，故landfill是垃圾填埋场的意思，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据Harmful waste includes things like medicine, Batteries and fluorescent Bulbs可知药品、荧光灯泡和电池是有害的废物，故选C。

（4）推理题。根据本文介绍了垃圾对环保的危害，以及如何分类垃圾，利于环保。可知作者写这篇文章是为了告诉人们分类垃圾，保护环境，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意。

9．阅读理解

Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.

People are surprised to hear this." They think, I don't need to drive, and the business doesn't need to build a store, so there will be less pollution," says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist.

"But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution."

In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997."Online shopping could have similarly harmful results," says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.

Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. When people buy a lot of different things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane.

Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips required to sell one pair of shoes.

"If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop," says Prost. "People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait?" Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may make people shop more carefully." Online shopping is fast and easy, "says Prost," but we can't forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment."

（1）The passage begins with several questions to .

A. introduce the main topic

B. describe online shopping

C. show the writer's opinion

D. list advantages of shopping

（2）What is the passage mainly about?

A. The Internet is not good to the environment.

B. Online shopping causes more air pollution.

C. Online shopping is bad for the environment.

D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.

（3）Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful?

A. Large products need more packing materials.

B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years.

C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products.

D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store.

（4）What is probably the best title of the passage?

A. A Good Deal to Make

B. A Different Lifestyle to Keep

C. A Cleaner Way to Shop

D. A New Business to Start

（5）Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage?（P=Paragraph）

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物。

（1）意图判断题，根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment. 可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. 可知，网上购买的产品的包装浪费了大量的包装材料，故答案是A。

（4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物，故答案是C。

（5）篇章结构题，通过阅读发现第一二段是独立的，接下来的三段是并列部分对于第二段进行论证，最后一段是总结性段落是对前面三段的总结，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题涉及到的题型较多，包括目的意图题、细节理解题、标题判断题和篇章结构题。目的意图题需要找出句子之间的因果关系，细节理解题需要认真阅读，仔细在文中寻找答案，标题判断题需要抓住文章的中心，用精炼的短语概括中心，篇章结构题比较简单，一般来说只要能看明白文章的意思，就可以判定出它的结构方式。

10．阅读理解

"I am a selfish child.

I hope the sunshine lies only upon me, so I can feel its warmth.

I am a selfish child.

I hope there is a corner of the world that can comfortable for me when I am sad,

I am a selfish child.

I hope my mom belongs only to me, so I can enjoy the sweetness of love. "

This poem was written by a middle school student in a lonely mountains town in Yunnan Province during her first poetry class. The girl missed her mother, who died when she was 5. Kang Yu, the teacher who taught the girl how to write the poem, graduated from Renmin University of China in Beijing in 2015. Soon after her gradation, Kang moved to a town in Yunnan, and worked as a teacher at a middle school there.

Kang said, "Compared with students in the city, perhaps students in the countryside need a way to express their feelings and be heard more." Supported by the headmaster and other teachers, the school held eight poetry classes for students every year.

As the classes grew in popularity, Kang became the school's favourite teacher. After she

finished her teaching at the school in June 2017, she returned m Beijing and planned to study abroad.

However, on Teachers' Day in 2017, Kang received a big box full of poems and Letters written by students at her old school. She felt she was needed and decided to abandon her plan of studying abroad. Instead, she set up Enlighten our Future, a charity that reaches students in the countryside how to write poems.

"Now, I go to several places every week I sleep less than six hours a night and the job provides no vacations and little money, but the happiness and satisfaction I feel is rewarding enough." Kang said.

（1）What's the poem about at the beginning of the passage?

A. A world which is full or love.

B. A mother who misses her child.

C. A child who is in need of mother's love.

D. A child who can feel the sun's warmth.

（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word "abandon"?

A. work out

B. carry out

C. give up

D. make up

（3）Which of the Following information is TRUE according m the passage?

A. Kang ever worked at a school named Enlighten our Future.

B. The school held eight poetry classes for students every term.

C. Kang said she was doing a well-paid job and had some vacations.

D. Before Kang set up the charity, she taught in Yunnan for about two years.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：康玉毕业于中国人们大学，毕业后去了云南的一个小镇在那里当一个中学老师，她觉得和城市的孩子相比，他们更需要一种方式来表达自己的情感。让更多的人倾听他们的心声。于是她在这所学校里每年给孩子们上八节诗歌课。为了这些孩子她放弃了出国学习的计划。她成立了一个叫“点亮未来”的公益组织，教给孩子们如何写诗。

（1）细节理解题。根据This poem was written by a middle school student in a lonely mountains town in Yunnan Province during her first poetry class. The girl missed her mother, who died when she was 5.可知这首诗表达了女孩对母亲的思念和渴望得到母爱。故选C。

（2）词意猜测题。根据Instead, she set up Enlighten our Future, a charity that reaches students in the countryside how to write poems.可知她放弃了出国计划。work out算出；carry out实行；give up放弃；make up组成，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据Kang Yu, the teacher who taught the girl how to write the poem, graduated from Renmin University of China in Beijing in 2015. Soon after her gradation, Kang moved to a town in Yunnan, and worked as a teacher at a middle school there.和After she finished her teaching at the school in June 2017, she returned m Beijing and planned to study abroad.和However, on Teachers' Day in 2017, Kang received a big box full of poems and Letters written by students at her old school. She felt she was needed and decided to abandon her plan of studying abroad. Instead, she set up

Enlighten our Future, a charity that

reaches students in the countryside how to write poems. 2015年毕业后她来到这个学校，2017年7月回到北京，2017年教师节收到孩子们来信，她放弃出国机会成立公益组织，可知在成立公益组织前她在云南教学两年，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。这个阅读理解涉及细节理解，词意猜测和推理判断题。对于细节理解题，可直接词文章中找出问题答案。对于词意猜测题根据上下文的联系确定单词在文章中的意思，对于推理判断题，要仔细阅读短文，根据短文的细节推理判断问题的正确答案。

11．阅读理解

What are the basic ingredients（要素）of good manners？A strong sense of fairness is one of them.

A friend once told me an experience that he had. When he was driving along a one—lane（单行小路）, unpaved（未铺路的）mountain road, the car ahead of his produced clouds of choking dust（呛人的尘土）, and it was a long way to the nearest paved main road. Suddenly, the car ahead stopped at a wider place on the road. My friend thought there must be something wrong with the car ahead. He stopped and asked if anything was wrong. "No," said the other driver. "But you've endured my dust so far. I'll endure yours the rest of the way."

Another ingredient is empathy（同情心）. It makes a person see into the mind or heart of someone else. Recently I happened to read such a story in a book.

A man was having dinner alone, and he was trying to open a bottle. But he failed. Then he asked a waiter for help. The waiter took the bottle, turned his back and opened it without difficulty. Then the waiter closed it again and turned back. He pretended（假装）to make a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned very soon. He told the man that he managed to open it, but only with a tool.

Yet another ingredient is the ability to treat people alike（一视同仁）. No matter who he is and what he does, everyone is worth respecting.

（1）The driver in the car ahead stopped to___.

A. repair the car

B. have a rest

C. ask the way

D. let the back car go （2）The underlined word "endure" probably means___ in Chinese.

A. 原谅

B. 容忍

C. 抱怨

D. 谴责（3）In fact the waiter opened the bottle___.

A. by himself easily

B. with a tool

C. with difficulty

D. without success （4）The second story may happen___.

A. in the kitchen at home

B. on the main road

C. in the restaurant

D. on the busy street

（5）The best title of the passage is "___".

A. The Ability to Solve Problems

B. The Ways to Help Others

C. The Good Manners to Treat Others

D. The Empathy for Strangers

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文讲的主要内容是对待别人好的礼仪是什么。

（1）细节理解题。根据"But you've endured my dust so far.I'll endure yours the rest of the way. 但到目前为止，你已经忍受了我的灰尘，我会在剩下的路上忍受你的，可知他是想让后面的车先走，故选D。

（2）词意猜测题。根据the car ahead of his produced clouds of choking dust（呛人的尘士），…"But you've endured my dust so far. I'll endure yours the rest of the way."在他前面的汽车产生了呛人的尘土，……“但是到目前为止你已经endure了我的灰尘，我将在剩下的路上endure你的，“可推知是忍受的意思，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据The waiter took the bottle，turned his back and opened it without difficulty.服务员拿起瓶子，转过身，毫不费力地打开了瓶子，故选A。

（4）推断题。根据A man was having dinner alone，.…The waiter took the bottle.…一个人独自吃饭……服务员拿了瓶子，……可知是在一家餐厅，故选C。

（5）主旨题。根据What are the basic ingredients（要素）of good manners？良好礼仪的基本要素是什么？可知本文讲的主要内容是对待别人好的礼仪是什么，故选用“对待别人好的礼仪”为题合适，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

12．阅读理解

Everyone has eaten instant noodles（方便面）. It is very easy to cook it instantly by putting the noodles into the boiling water and adding in ingredient packets, together with other food like eggs or vegetables. However, have you ever wondered whether this is the correct way of cooking it?

When you first take out the noodles from the packaging, you will notice that the noodles are joined together nicely as a piece. In order to make the noodles joined together nicely side by side, it needs some form of wax coating（石蜡涂层） to achieve an attractive instant noodles in front of us.

However, researches have shown that the layer of wax coating on the noodles is quite harmful to our body and we should not eat it too often. It is advisable to have a break of 2-3 days before we start to eat another packet of instant noodles as our body need about 3 days to clear that

layer of wax coating away from our body system. Do you know the danger of having too much wax coating stored in our stomach? It will lead to CANCER.

There are two key points to take note while preparing instant noodles: （1） Wash the instant noodles with warm water first, stir it and pour away the water containing the wax coating. （2）Repeat Step 1 and try to stir the noodles again to wash away the wax coating on the noodles before cooking it in a new pot of water.

Hope this article will help you when you choose to eat instant noodles.

（1）The function of the wax coating in the instant noodles is to_______.

A. make the noodles more delicious and tasty

B. make it easier to cook for the consumers

C. make the instant noodles healthier and more attractive to the consumers

D. make the noodles joined in a piece and avoid them sticking together

（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. The hidden dangers of the instant noodles.

B. The way of how our body clears the wax coating.

C. How to cook instant noodles.

D. Researches on advantages of the wax coating.

（3）What does the underlined word "contain" mean?

A. 去除

B. 包含

C. 储存

D. 需要（4）What is the purpose of the writer to write the passage?

A. To tell us the dangers of instant noodles.

B. To tell us how to cook instant noodles.

C. To tell us something about the layer of wax coating on the noodles.

D. To tell us how to eat instant noodles safely and healthily.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：方便面的害处以及怎样吃方便面更安全，健康。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 In order to make the noodles joined together nicely side by side, it needs some form of wax coating（石蜡涂层） to achieve an attractive instant noodles in front of us.理解可知，石蜡涂层的作用就是使面条很好地并排在一起，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句owever, researches have shown that the layer of wax coating on the noodles is quite harmful to our body and we should not eat it too often. 理解可知，本段主要解释了方便面潜在的危害，故选A。

（3）词义理解题。根据文中的语句Wash the instant noodles with warm water first, stir it and pour away the water containing the wax coating. 理解可知，contain的含义是包含，故选B。（4）理解归纳题。通读全文语句理解可知，此文主要介绍了怎样正确，安全健康地吃方便面，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住

关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

13．阅读理解

In the universe, as we know, there is the Sun, the moon, the Earth and a good many stars. Through our geography lessons, we know the Earth goes around the Sun, and the moon goes around the Earth. We have day and night because the Earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the Earth turns to the Sun, it is day. When our part of the Earth turns away from the Sun,

it is night.

Just because the moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun, it looks much bigger than the Sun.

Big things will look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.

The Sun is bright enough to give out very strong light. The moon can't give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why？In fact, the light from the moon comes from the Sun. The moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars. But actually （事实上） the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon. They look smaller than the moon also because they are farther away from the Earth.

There are still many other planets in the universe. But of all these planets, only on Earth there

are living things and people can only live on Earth, too. But at 9∶00 am on October 15th 2003,Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei was set up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. It was the

first time for Chinese to get into space.

（1）We find the Sun ______ than the moon because it is ______ to us.

A. bigger; farther

B. smaller; closer

C. bigger; closer

D. smaller; farther

（2）When our part of the Earth turns away from the Sun, the other part of the Earth is ______.

A. night

B. day

C. evening

D. Sunday

（3）People and living things can live on ______.

A. Earth

B. Mars

C. moon

D. Sun

（4）When did the astronaut from our country return to the Earth?

A. On November 15th, 2002.

B. On October 16th, 2003.

C. On May 15th, 2004.

D. On October 15th, 2003.

（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The moon goes around the Earth, and it can't give out any light at all.

B. The moon goes around the Sun, and its light is from the Sun.

C. The Earth moves round the moon, and people can live only on Earth.

D. Of all the planets, only the Earth moves round the Sun.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了一些基础的天文知识。太空中，宇宙意味着地

球，太阳和星星及其它们之间的空间，以及它们之间的关联。

（1）细节理解题。结合Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun 可知太阳离月亮远，所以看起来小，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。结合When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night可知地球一部分转向太阳的时候，它是白天，另一面就是黑夜，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。结合But of all these planets，only on the earth there are living things and people can only live on the earth, too. 可知人和生物生活在地球上，故选A。

（4）细节理解题。结合But at 9：00a.m. on October 15th 2003，Chinese pilot Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21hours可知呆了21小时，就是第二天了，十月十六号，故选B。

（5）细节理解题。结合Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes round the sun，and the moon goes round the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. The moon can't give any light at all可知月亮绕着地球转，但是不能发光，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

14．阅读下面的文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

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（2）The shopping coupons include all of the following except in the passage.

初三英语阅读理解与完型填空练习题及答案

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B Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan in 2008. Thousands of people died in it. So it's important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide under a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you. 2. If you are outdoors, move to a clear place. Try to be away from trees, signs, buildings and streetlights. These could fall on you. 3. If you are in a shop and far from the door, don't try to run outside and rush for exits (出口). Everyone will be doing that and you'll find it hard getting out. Don't get into a lift during an earthquake. Just hide under some strong cover near you. 4. When an earthquake has ended, be careful because aftershocks may still happen. These are just as dangerous as the earthquake itself. So stay under the desk until you make sure it's safe to get up. 5. If you are at home and you smell gas (煤气), open the windows and get out of the building as quickly as you can. A gas line in your house may be broken. This could be very dangerous. 51. Most earthquakes are too _______ to hurt people. A. strong B. weak C. dangerous 52. If you are outdoors, it would be safe to _______. A. go to a playground B. stay under a tree C. stand by the window 53. If you're in a shop and far from the door, you'd better _______. A. rush to the door right away B. run after the people quickly C. hide yourself under a cover near you 54. The best title of this passage is "_______". A. How dangerous the earthquake is B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Don't be afraid of the earthquake 55. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Most earthquakes are very dangerous, so we must be very careful every day. B. You'd better keep away from those things that may fall on you wherever you are. C. If you smell gas at home, try to hide under a desk and don't run outside quickly. C Raising pets is a popular online game among teenagers. “More than 20 of my classmates have adopted(领养) pets online.” Said Wang Hui from Beijing. If you go to some websites, you can adopt virtual(虚拟的) pets like penguins(企鹅), chickens, dogs and elephants. You can feed, wash, talk to and play with your pet. Dai Yingshuang of Shanghai said, “It’s great fun and I have also learned how to take care of others.” She usually asks her uncle to take care of her pet while she is at school. If you don’t feed and care for the pet, it will become unhappy and unhealthy. So raising an online pet means spending a lot of time online. This makes many parents worried. They fear it will have a bad influence on the children’s studies. Wang Zha otong from Anhui has raised a pengu in since last year. She said, “My parents know about the penguin and think it’s okay.” If the students can kee p the balance between studying and playing, it’s not bad for them to “raise” pets online. 56．Over ______ students in Wang Hui’s class have adopted pets online. A．10 B．20 C．half 57．What does Dai Yingshuang think of raising pets online? A．It’s great fun. B．It wastes time. C．It’s not interesting. 58．Which of the following is Not Right according to the passage? A．Raising an online pet doesn’t mean spending lots of time online.

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