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高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析

一、高中英语翻译

1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play)

2.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。(owing)

3.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)

4.能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)

5.在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)

【答案】

1.She began to play the violin five years ago.

2.Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.

3.Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.

4.It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.

5.At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to.

【解析】

1.根据“五年前”确实时态,可知用一般过去时,注意短语play the violin。

【考点定位】考查动词时态、习语及表达能力。

2.根据提示词可知,由于译为:owing to ,此处to是介词。注意用被动语态,因为航班被推迟。

【考点定位】考查介词短语及被动语态。

3.此句希望(hope)是谓语动词,后接宾语从句。时态用一般现在时。

【考点定位】考查宾语从句及时态。

4.此句it是形式主语,whether引导主语从句,时态一般现在时。短语:抵御诱惑resist the temptation。

【考点定位】考查主语从句及形式主语it的用法。

5.注意句子结构的安排,“孩子们翘首以盼的”应译为定语从句。时态用一般过去时。

【考点定位】考查定语从句及相关短语的表达。

2.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)

_________________________

2.等他明年回来,这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time)

_________________________

3.从长远来看,你的知识面越广,就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable)

_________________________

4.据信,过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气,甚至缺乏自理能力。(It)

_________________________

【答案】

1.Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.

2.By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.

3.In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.

4.It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译句子,注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。

1.考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”,是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,stay up表示“熬夜”,本句使用动名词作主语,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数,故翻译为:Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.

2.考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句,表示将来的时间时,从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时,stadium与set up之间是被动关系,所以用将来完成时的被动语态,故翻译为:By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.

3.考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”,根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,表示“越……,就越……”,陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时,故翻译为:In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.

4.考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语,ability to do表示“做……的能力”,根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.

3.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。(prove)

2.对国家来说,保护生态环境和保持经济增长同样重要。(as...as)

3.如果有朝一日,学生能亲自参与到课程开发中,那该有多棒啊!(involve)

4.这本新发行的杂志不仅会影响青少年对时尚的看法,还会开启健康饮食的新潮流。(Not only)

【答案】

1.The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective.

2.For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth.

3.How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.

4.Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译句子,注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1.考查非谓语动词和prove的用法。The method 与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,prove用作连系动词,prove(to be)+adj表示“(被)证明是……的”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective

2.考查非谓语动词和as...as的用法。根据句意可知本句用动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,as+adj+表示“同……一样……”,陈述的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,故翻译为:For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth. 3.考查感叹句和条件状语从句。根据句意可知本句用how+adj+it is形式的感叹句,同时用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,be involved in表示“参与”,故翻译为:How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.

4.考查倒装。not only…but also表示“不但……而且”,注意not only 和 but also后面都有主谓结构时,如果not only位于第一分句主语之前,则该分句要部分倒装;后一个分句,即but also后面不用倒装,故翻译为:Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.

4.高中英语翻译题:Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。(ease)

________________________

2.遇到紧急情况一定要冷静,否则可能会造成严重后果。(or)

________________________

3.我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异,才能避免误会,与他人建立和谐的关系。(Only)

________________________

4.令教练欣慰的是,整个辩论队齐心协力,克服了遇到的各种困难,最终所有的努力都得到了回报。(reward v.)

________________________

【答案】

1. It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease./ Nobody can achieve success with ease.

2. Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency, or it can bring about/cause serious consequences. 3. Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others.

4.To the coach’s relief, all the debate/debating team members have worked

together/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across, and all their efforts have finally been rewarded.

【解析】

1.本句关键词(组):achieve success“取得成功”,with ease“熟练地;不费力地”。根据句意可知,此处描述的客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故译为It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease./ Nobody can achieve success with ease.

2.本句关键词(组):keep calm/ calm down“保持冷静”,emergency“紧急情况”,bring about/cause serious consequences“造成严重后果”。根据句意及提示可知,此处应使用句型:“祈使句,or+将来时的句子”。故译为Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency, or it can bring about/cause serious consequences.

3.本句关键词(组):interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people“人际间的差异”,avoid misunderstand ing“避免误会”,build harmonious relationships with others“与他人建立和谐的关系”。only位于句首时,主句使用部分倒装结构。故译为Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between(among) people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others.

4.本句关键词(组):to the coach’s relief“令教练欣慰的是”,worked

together/cooperated“齐心协力”,overcome various difficulties“克服各种困难”,meet with/ encounter/come across“遇到”。根据句意及提示可知,此处主句应使用现在完成时。故译为To the coach’s relief, all the debate/debating team members have worked together/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across, and all their efforts have finally been rewarded.

5.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

96.今年除夕你计划在哪里过?(plan)

97.下雨天上海的道路总是比平时更拥堵。(than)

98.是一个外国人不顾自己的安危救了那个轻生的男子。(It)

99.那天傍晚我一走出校门就遇到了一个多年不见的小学同班同学。(No sooner)

100.无论谁想要成功必先明白这个道理“成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈”。(Whoever)

【答案】

1.Where are you planning to celebrate the New Year’s Eve this year?

97.Roads in Shanghai always get/become more crowded /hold up more traffic than usual on rainy days.

98.It was a foreigner that/who saved the man trying/who tried to kill himself/ commit suicide without considering his own safety.

99.No sooner had I left the school that early evening than I met with/bumped into/came across/encountered a classmate of mine in primary school (whom) I hadn’t seen for ages/years. 100.Whoever wants to be successful should first understand the principle that success comes

from hard effort/work and persistence/perseverance

【解析】

1.本题提示词为plan,除夕翻译为“New Year’s Eve”。

97.本题考查比较级,“比平时”翻译为“than usual”.

98.本题考查强调句、定语从句和非谓语的翻译。首先强调句结构“it is(was)…that/who” ;那个轻生的男子,需要处理为定语从句,翻译为“the man who tried to kill himself/ commit suicide”; 不顾“without considering”.

99.倒装句和定语从句的翻译。一…就“N o sooner had sb.done sth.than sb.did sth.”; 多年不见的小学同学可以处理成定语从句,翻译为“(whom) I hadn’t seen for ages/years.”;100.本题考查主语从句和同位语的翻译,句子结构比较复杂。首先“无论谁想要成功”用主语从句“Whoever wants to be successful”。其次,“这个道理“成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈”这半句话涉及使用同位语从句。理清关系后,本句也并没有想象中那么复杂。

6.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.你的思想越开明,就越不容易受他人观点的影响。(The more...)

2.到底是什么让你对考试结果抱有如此乐观的态度?(it)

3.面对激烈的竞争和许多不确定因素,家长对孩子的学业成绩感到焦虑是一件很正常的事。(face)

4.社会发展的速度飞快,如果你固执于陈旧的观念无法跟上时代的步伐,那么不久你就会被时代抛弃。(So)

【答案】

1.The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions. 2.What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination? 3.When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their children’s academic performance.

4.So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you a re abandoned / deserted by the times.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查汉译英,注意按括号内的要求翻译。

1.考查固定句式。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”,根据句意可知,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,故翻译为:The more open-minded you are, the less easily you’ll be influenced by others’ opinions.

2.考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:what is it that…?陈述的是客观情况,应该用一般现在时,故翻译为:What is it that makes you hold such a positive attitude towards the result of the examination?

3.考查face的用法和形式主语。face表示“面对”时是及物动词,后面直接接宾语,也可用短语be faced with表示“面对”,根据句意可知本句用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,故翻译为:When parents are facing / faced with fierce competition and plenty of uncertainties, it is natural for them to feel anxious about their children’s academic performance.

4.考查so…that的倒装和条件状语从句。stick to表示“坚持、固执于”,keep up with 表示“赶上”,so…that结构中so连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要进行倒装,that后的结果状语从句不倒装,if引导的条件状语从句的复合句遵循“主将从现”原则,故翻译为:So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts and can’t keep up with the pace of the times, it won’t be long before you are abandoned / deserted by the times.

7.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.他排了好几个小时才买到这个新出的iPhone。(release)

2.一件雕塑赠予了城市博物馆,以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。(present)

3.他一进饭店,就被告知这家饭店可以手机扫二维码点餐。(Hardly)

4.虽说忠言逆耳利于行,这个年纪的孩子很叛逆,你越劝,他可能越不会听。(advice)

【答案】

1.He waited for (several) hours in line/ queued for several hours before he bought/ got the newly-released iPhone./ Having waited/ after waiting for hours in line, he finally bought the newly-released iPhone.

2.A statue/ sculpture was presented to City Musuem/ the museum in this city in honour of/ in memory of/ in remembrance of / to commemorate / to honour the valuable/ precious friendship between the two cities.

3.Hardly had he entered the restaurant when he was informed/ told that he could order the food by scanning the code/ QR code with his mobile phone./use his mobile phone to scan the QR code to order the food.

4.Although faithful/ frank/ honest advice is unpleasant to ear but beneficial to one's behaviour, children of this age are so rebellious that the more advice you give him, the less likely he is to follow it./ The more you try to persuade him, the less likely he is to listen to you.

【解析】

1.考查时态和过去分词作定语。根据汉语提示可知,本句的基础时态是一般过去时;“排队”wait…in line/ queue,“新出的iPhone”the newly-released iPhone,其中一个时间状语从句“过了……才……”…before…;本句还可用“排了好几小时队”的现在分词形式作为伴随状语,再结合其他汉语提示,本句可译为:He had waited for (several) hours in line/ queued for several hours before he bought/ got the newly-released iPhone. Having waited/ after waiting for hours in line, he finally bought the newly-released iPhone.

2.考查被动语态和短语。根据汉语提示可知,本句的基础时态是一般过去时;“以纪念”in

memory of/ in remembrance of/ to commemorate/ to honor,“珍贵的友谊”precious/ valuable friendship,雕塑 (statue/sculpture)和赠与(present)之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,再结合其它汉语提示,故本句可译为:A statue/ sculpture was presented to City Musuem/ the museum in this city in honour of/ in memory of/ in remembrance of/ to commemorate/ to honour the valuable/ precious friendship between the two cities.

3.考查部分倒装和被动语态。根据汉语提示可知,本句的基础时态是一般过去时;“一……就……”hardly…when…,hardly置于句首时要部分倒装,“告知某人做某事”inf orm/tell sb. to do sth.,“使用手机扫描二维码”use his mobile phone to scan the QR code/ scan the QR code with his mobile phone,再结合其它汉语提示,故本句可译为:Hardly had he entered the restaurant when he was informed / told that he could order the food by scanning the code / QR code with his mobile phone./use his mobile phone to scan the QR code to order the food.

4.考查让步状语从句和固定句型。根据提示可知,本句的基础时态是一般现在时;“忠言”faithful/ frank/ honest advice,“越……越……”the + 比较级,the + 比较,“这个年纪的孩子”children of this age,“很有可能做某事”be likely to do sth.,“叛逆的”rebelli ous,“听取某人的建议”follow one's advice,再结合其它汉语提示,故本句可译为:Although faithful/ frank/ honest advice is unpleasant to ear but beneficial to one's behaviour, children of this age are so rebellious that the more advice you give him, the less likely he is to follow it./ The more you try to persuade him, the less likely he is to listen to you.

【点睛】

第三小题考查固定句型hardly…when…“一……就……”,该句型在时态上有要求,即主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,如把hardly置于句首时,主语要部分倒装。例如:

I had hardly fallen asleep when I lay on the bed.我一躺在床上就睡着了。

→Hardly had I fallen asleep when I lay on the bed.

和它用法一样的句型还有no sooner…than…和scarcely…when…,例如:

I had no sooner fallen asleep than I lay on the bed.我一躺在床上就睡着了。

→No sooner had I fallen asleep than I lay on the bed.

8.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.这家主题乐园受到消费者的质疑是因为它的某些规则存在“双标”的可能性。(likely) 2.令当今年轻一代感到心力交瘁的不仅是繁重的工作和生活压力,还有突如其来的二胎。(exhaust)

3.适度饮食、少熬夜、多养身能有效改善中年人日益下降的健康状况。(improve)

4.高考过后,很多老师和家长煞费苦心指导学生该报考哪所大学,结果学生们依旧固执己见,一意孤行。(respond)

【答案】

1.The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.

2.Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the

today's younger generation feel exhausted.

3.Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.

4.After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.

【解析】

【分析】

考查句子翻译。

1.考查固定短语和固定句式。固定句式the reason why…is that…“……的原因是……”;固定短语be likely to do“很可能”。结合句意可知主句为一般现在时,从句为现在完成时。故翻译为The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.。

2.考查固定短语和主谓一致。固定短语not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”;短语make sb.+形容词表示“让某人感觉……”,此处修饰人表示“令人精疲力竭的”应用-ed结尾形容词exhausted。结合句意应用一般现在时。主语为the sudden second child,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the today's younger generation feel exhausted.。

3.考查固定短语。固定短语moderate diet“适度饮食”;declining health“日益下降的身体状况”。故翻译为Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.。

4.考查固定短语。固定短语the college entrance examination “高考”;take great pains to do sth.“煞费苦心做某事”;apply for “申请”;respond sb. with “用……回应某人”。结合句意描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语均为复数名词,谓语动词用原形。故翻译为After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.。

9.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.不要运动过度,不然有猝死的可能。(or)

2.我想当时你一定具有控制自己行为的能力。(power)

3.虽然关注自己的快乐没有错,但把快乐传播给身边的人总是一件不错的事。(communicate)

4.妄自菲薄只会让自己迷失方向,限制自身发展。从今天开始就关掉消极频道,释放自身的潜能吧(nowhere)

【答案】

1.Don’t exercise too much, or you may die of sudden death.

2.I think you must have had the power to control your behavior at that time.

3.Although there is nothing wrong with focusing on your own happiness, it is always a good thing to communicate happiness to people around.

4.Thinking poorly about yourself gets you nowhere, limiting your own development. Stop being negative from today and release your potential.

【解析】

1.考查固定句式。“don’t do…or…”表示“不要……,否则会……”,故翻译为:Don’t exercise too much, or you may die of sudden death.

2.考查情态动词+have done。must have done表示对过去的事情最有把握的推测,表示“一定做过……”,故翻译为:I think you must have had the power to control your behavior at that time.

3.考查让步状语从句和形式主语。首先确定两个关键短语:communicate sth to sb表示“将……交(传递)给某人”,focus on表示“关注、集中于”,根据句意可知本句用although

引导让步状语从句,同时用it做形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故翻译为:Although there is nothing wrong with focusing on your own happiness, it is always a good thing

to communicate happiness to people around.

4.考查祈使句和非谓语动词。根据句意确定本句使用祈使句,同时使用动名词做主语,另外stop doing表示“停止做某事”,故翻译为:Thinking poorly about yourself gets you nowhere, limiting your own development. Stop being negative from today and release your potential.

10.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1.你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见疑犯实施犯罪? (it)

2.学外语时没有必要不懂装懂,否则你总有一天会后悔的。(need n.)

3.人们很难想象像他这样一个体面的政府官员是如何一夜之间就沦为阶下囚的。(reduce) 4.这个年轻人向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实和守信人的承诺。( under no circumstances )

【答案】

1.Was it in the newly-- opened restaurant// that you witnessed / saw(that) the suspect

//commit the crime?

2.There is no need to // pretend to know what you don’t know // when you learn a foreign language, // otherwise/or you will regret it some day.

3.People could/ can hardly imagine// how a decent government official like him //can/ should be reduced to// a prisoner overnight

4.The young person assured his friends that// under no circumstances would he// break the promise that// he should/would be faithful/trustworthy and honest.

【解析】

【分析】

考查句子翻译。

1.考查强调句。本句为强调句结构,强调的部分为in the newly-- opened restaurant,且固

定短语commit the crime“犯罪”,且应用一般过去时。故填Was it in the newly-- opened restaurant// that you witnessed / saw(that) the suspect //commit the crime?

2.考查固定句式。固定句式There is no need to do sth.“没有必要做某事”,且应为when引导的时间状语从句,短语pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”,且应用一般现在时以及一般将来时。故填There is no need to // pretend to know what you don’t know // when you learn a foreign language, // otherwise/or you will regret it some day.

3.考查名词性从句和固定短语。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少方式状语表示“如何”,故用how引导,且固定短语be reduced to“沦为”,故填People could/ can hardly imagine// how a decent government official like him //can/ should be reduced to// a prisoner overnight。4.考查名词性从句和固定短语。本句为宾语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故用that引导,且固定短语under no circumstances“决不”,且根据句意应用一般过去时,故填The young person assured his friends that// under no circumstances would he// break the promise that// he should/would be faithful/trustworthy and honest.。

【点睛】

强调句结构。

为了突出句子中的某一部分,我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,这就是强调,与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他。

1、陈述句的强调句型

It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。

2、一般疑问句的强调句型,把is/ was提到it前面。

3、特殊疑问句的强调句型,被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?

4、not … until … 句型的强调句

句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。

如第一小题,本句为强调句结构,强调的部分为in the newly-- opened restaurant,且固定短语commit the crime“犯罪”,且应用一般过去时。故填Was it in the newly-- opened restaurant// that you witnessed / saw(that) the suspect //commit the crime?

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英汉互译技巧

韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之:汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”,具体是指:中文长句中,第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则,第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么,第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时,可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则,长句一点儿都不可怕!这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握!详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异:中文结构“前轻后重”,中文结构事实、背景在前,表态、判断、结论在后,英文恰恰相反,是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸,“表态判断为主,事实背景为从”,在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则,逻辑一目了然,译文自然“行云流水”!详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式,即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好,它们说了算!可以不夸张地说,谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式,谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂!详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点,经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思,英译时必须压缩合并减译,提取核心意思,力求简洁、流畅,如:骄傲与自豪,千山万水,你中有我、我中有你,等等。中文还有一个典型特点,即“双动词现象”,如:调整和优化,提高和加强,保障和改善民生,加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例,这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词,调整的目的就是优化,而优化就是一种调整,直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”,“同义发散”,选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释,使用同义词进行替换等等,以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致,即,同义词替换多多益善!要从写作的高度看翻译!详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息,如:“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6

1---高中高考英语翻译技巧完全篇

1---高中高考英语翻 译技巧完全篇 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

英语翻译-英译汉的技巧 真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难;首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的文章,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。 词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat .太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。 2、词义具体化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。 The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。 3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词。 Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 二、词类转译技巧 在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺、自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way . 植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。(名词转译) As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。

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