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英语翻译问题的解决方案

篇一：SCI论文翻译的常见问题及解决方法

SCI论文翻译的常见问题以及解决方法

关于SCI论文翻译的那些事

一、论文翻译的四个要点

对于国内的研究人员而言，撰写一篇SCI论文是为了让自己获得学位，获得职称，或者是将自己的学术研究发表到国际，让更多的人了解到自己的研究内容。不管出于什么样的原因，现今，发表SCI论文已经是一件十分常见的事情了。但是，当前，对于绝大数的研究人员而言，SCI论文的翻译基本是建立在中文论文的基础上，即多数研究人员都是先撰写中文论文而后再通过翻译人员或者翻译公司，才完成一篇SCI论文的撰写。但由于英语非我们的母语，所以在翻译的过程中也出现了很多情况，诸如多数翻译工作者本身并不具备医学背景，也根本没有医学SCI论文发表及审稿经验，甚至很多时候不能理解文章作者的原意，其翻译是在一片雾水的情况下进行。文章投稿后，审稿人提出manuscript的可读性差，需找Native speaker修改，这与译员的翻译直接相关。因此，评价一名译员或一个翻译公司的好坏也就取决于以下几点：

1)能否看懂文章的意思;

2)良好的语言驾驭能力;

3)必须有SCI论文发表及审稿经验;

4)理清文章的结构。

1、读懂文章意思

读懂文章才能翻译，否则就是乱翻译，势必造成译文的可读性差。在翻译时，译者不但要看懂，而且要进一步查实作者的写作，要细细地查看参考文献，从中找出其不足。下面举个例子：黄芩苷在治疗肿瘤方面取得了良好的疗效。这是一种非常含糊的表述，尤其是“良好的疗效”这种字眼。不排除确实有些SCI论文会这样写，但是多数发表的SCI论文不会如此组织文章。译者要看清楚研究对象是人还是动物模型，何种研究类型(比如随机双盲对照研究)，纳入患者或动物数量，治疗预后如何，有多少并发症等。这样的表述，才是科学的。当然，这需要良好的学术思维，普通翻译工作者需要常年的积累后才可达到该水平。

2、良好的语言驾驭能力

发表SCI论文关键是内容。而内容方面关键靠理清文章结构，及主旨的强化。要准确表达文章的主旨，就要具备相当的语言驾驭能力。前面提到多数翻译工作者并不擅长中译英，要解决这一问题，必须客服汉语式英语这一难题。其诀窍就是多看参考文献，力求准确表达作者的意思。经过长期的积累，力求语言的简洁及准确性。对于语言的基本要求便是要通顺。SCI论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂，

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龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/064010767.html, 浅谈商务英语翻译现状与问题分析作者：李雨樨来源：《赢未来》2018年第05期摘要：随着全球经济一体化的发展，我国与其他国家间的交流与商务贸易日益频繁，这给我国企业向国际市场进军带来了新的机遇，商务英语占据的地位也越来越重要。需要翻译工作者在掌握商务英语知识的前提下进行商务翻译。然后目前我国的商务翻译工作者较少，而且水平较差，这给我国的企业发展带来了阻碍。本文通过对商务英语翻译现状与问题进行了分析，提出了具有针对性的解决策略，希望能够为商务英语翻译稳定健康可持续性发展提供参考。关键词：商务英语翻译；现状；问题分析；解决策略引言：随着我国改革开放的持续发展，我国与其他国家间的商务交流、商务贸易日益频繁。而作为国际贸易沟通桥梁的商务藏语的应用范围也越来越广泛。随着全球经济一体化的发展，给商务英语翻译带来了机遇和挑战。在开展国际商务过程中，商务英语翻译工作者在经贸问题处理中的语言是否恰当准确决定着商贸能否成功。因此需要商务英语翻译工作者具有较高的专业水平和综合素质。因此了解商务英语翻译的特点，对其中存在的问题进行分析，具有针对性的纠正和改革存在的问题，才能够保障商务英语翻译的实效性。一、商务英语翻译的特点与普通英语翻译相比，商务要求的准确更高。如果在商务英语中出现错误就会对商务活动造成非常严重的影响，甚至会导致合同作废或者合同终止的情况，使贸易双方都随经济损失，因此商务英语翻译的准确率要高。在进行国际商务贸易时，贸易双方都特别注重效率和时间，因此贸易双方在进行商讨和交流时要坚持高效简洁的原则，同时也非常重视商务礼仪。因此每个商务英语翻译人员都要准确简练的把原材料的内容进行阐述，进而提高商务洽谈的效率。此外，在进行国际贸易文本翻译时，还要保证措辞的准确与精练以及礼貌用语的运用。也就是说，商务英语要重视语言的精练和客观。在进行商务英语翻译时，要准确使用翻译术语，确保目标读者能够清楚了解发布信息者提出的商务要求。翻译人员要把原材料中涉及的全部信息全面完整的表现出来而不能出现遗漏，特别是一些特别重要的商务准则和数据一定要保持完整与忠实。而且商务英语翻译的主要目的是为了让阅读者清楚了解信息者的要求。因此商务英语翻译人员要准确使用商务术语，有效增强翻译准确性和完整性。国务商务领域内的英语翻译信息资源包括商务贸易信息也可能涉及经济法律等领域的信息，因此，翻译人员要全面了解材料，并且选择标准对等的专业术语进行翻译，以提高词汇的具体性和准确性。

BEC商务英语翻译技巧

BEC商务英语翻译技巧为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理商务英语翻译技巧,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。商务英语翻译技巧商务英语的文体特征 1. 思维具有逻辑性，朴实无华正式体英语的从句层次复杂，句子长度通常高于非正式英语。长句分词、独立主格结构的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征，它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系，可以充分完整地表达相互关联的意义，这种效果是短句无法达到的。由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相互成立、互为条件，或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述，因此，这种语体就非常适合这种要求。例如：The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complete ion o f Party A’s plant including the completion of inner part of the plant when the plant be in the condition that trial run for air conditioning mechanism is possible.

这是某英文合同文体中的一个句子。这个诗歌并列句，句中主语是work，and连接两个谓语(shall be commenced和shall be completed)。 2.表述简单清楚商务英语是商务活动的工具，通过阅读文献可以发现：商务英语常用简洁、易懂、规范、正式的词。这一特点是由国际商务交际的性质决定的，因为国际商务交际非常讲究效益、效率，使用常用的词语便于交易双方的理解和接受;修饰语少，内容上直截了当。偏僻的词汇可能会增加双方沟通障碍，因而不受欢迎。商务英语的词汇选择讲究精炼、严谨，很少使用口语化的、非正式的、生僻、不规范的词或行话。了解口语词语和书卷词语在文体风格上的差异有助于实现语言交际的适合性和得体性 3. 模糊性的句法，善用祈使句商务英语要求准确完整、清楚简洁，但模糊语言的适当使用，能起到积极的效果。语言的模糊性不仅仅体现在词义层面，还应是具体商务活动中句法所表达意义的模糊性。

科技英语翻译答案

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Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译）要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译）第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译）医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译）人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译）同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译）第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词）粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词）地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）她腰围40英寸。（副词）第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。这种植物生长在近河口的海中。新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申）两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申）随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申）正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申）目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申）这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。这种金属有良好的铸造性能。传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。现代发报机大多采用固体电路。有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.