中考初三专项复习被动语态学案 (4)

中考初三专项复习被动语态学案

初三被动语态

一、学习目标

1.掌握被动语态的结构

2.掌握从主动语态转换成被动语态的方法

观察句子

A recorder is used in our English class every day.

Football is played all over the world.

A camera is used for taking photos.

A bank was robbed yesterday.

A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.

The tree must be planted on the ground.

The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’time.

They will be sent to the hospital right now.

A talk will be given soon.

Look and find out the similarities (相同点):

Football is played all over the world.

A camera is used for taking photos.

A bank was robbed yesterday.

A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.

The tree must be planted on the ground.

The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time.

They will be sent to the hospital right now.

A talk will be given soon.

二、知识讲解

Conclusion: (一)

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时, 或者只需强调动作的承受者时, 要用被动语态。

被动语态：主语是动作的承受者

被动语态的构成：be +动词过去分词

如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时句子后面需接by…，译为“被（由）……”。各个时态的被动语态

被动语态的否定句和疑问句

主动语态如何改成被动语态？

小测试：请把下列句子转换成被动语态

1. Many people speak English.

2. He bought me a new bike yesterday.

3. The boss made him do the heavy work in the old days.

4. T om must hand in the composition after class.

Conclusion: (二)

主动语态如何改成被动语态？

1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。

2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do→be done

3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。

4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to 或 for.

如: give → be given to 此类动词还有: pass, show, send…

再如: buy → be bought for此类动词还有: make, draw, cook, me nd…

5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语, 改成被动语态时, to必须还原。

注意：

1. 不及物动词（vi.) 不用被动语态。如:happen、take place 、appear、disappear…

例句：A traffic accident _________ (happen) just now.

2. 连系动词(Link.v.)不用被动语态。如: be、look、seem、feel、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become…

例句： Peking Opera _________ (sound) beautiful.

3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。

例句： The pen _____ (write) very fast.

This kind of sweater ____ (sell) well.

被动语态的其他注意事项：

1.适合被动语态的情况

不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时

例句：This jacket is made of cotton.

The book was written for children.

需要突出或强调动作的承受者时

例句：Food is needed by every living thing.

English is widely used nowadays.

2.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况

当宾语是反身代词时

例句：The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.

I found myself in the park.

当谓语是表状态的及物动词时

例句：Does the pair of new shoes suit you?

We will have a meeting.

三、练习环节

1. If the work ____, you can go and play games.

A. finished

B. has finished

C. will be finished

D. is finished

2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ____ in the classroom.

A. stay

B. to stay

C. staying

D. stayed

3. Kate ___ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.

A. has written

B. was written

C. had written

D. is writing

4. T o make our city more beautiful, rubbish ___ into the river.

A. needn’t be thrown

B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw

D. may not throw

5. I like my bike. It ___ very well.

A. rides

B. is riding

C. is ridden

D. has ridden

6. —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ___, too.

—You mean if Tom comes, you’ll come.

A. will invite

B. invites

C. invited

D. is invited

7. Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story ______ it.

A. laughed at

B. was laughed

C. laughed

D. was laughed at

8. The children must _______.

A. look after

B. be taken good care

C. look the same

D. be taken good care of

9. The woman still doesn’t know what __ in her hometown while she was away.

A. happens

B. happened

C. will happen

D. was happened

10. — I saw you were on foot this morning.

—Yes. My bike ___.

A. is mending

B. is being mended

C. is mended

D. is being mending

用括号内单词的适当形式填空:

1. All the students ____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.

2. Are many ways _____ (try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?

3. —What are on show in the museum?

—Some photos _______ (take) by American children.

4. This coat _________ (wash) well.

5. Must the old people ___________ (speak) to politely?

6. I’m often _______ (warn）not to copy others’ homework.

7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ____________ (disappear).

8. I’ll have my bike _________________ (mend/repair) tomorrow.

9. Have you found your necklace _______ (steal) last week?

10. The PRC was __________ (found) on October 1, 1949.

二、英语书面表达专项训练

2．书面表达

你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（a boarding school)和走读（a day school)两类学校的选择。请你以“A boarding school or a day school”为题。写一篇短文，内容须包括：读寄宿学校的利和弊；读走读学校的利和弊；你的选择和理由（不得与上述两点内容重复）。

注意：1. 词数;100词左右（文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；

2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息；

3. 文章必须包含提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥。

A hoarding school or a day school

We are going to graduate from our middle school, __________________________________

【答案】

We are going to graduate from our middle schools, and we will make a choice to enter a boarding school or a day school. Both kinds of school have their advantages and disadvantages.

If we choose a boarding school, we will save time to study. However, we may have less time to stay with our family. If we choose a day school, parents can know more about our studies. At the same time computer games and TV plays may make a bad influence on us.

As for me, I prefer a boarding school. We should pay attention to our studies to get good grades in the high school.

【解析】

【分析】

整体分析：这是一篇给材料作文。可以分三段写。第一段要写总体交代你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（a boarding school)和走读（a day school)两类学校的选择。第二段要写详细叙述读寄宿学校的利弊；读走读学校的利弊。第三段要表述作者自己的选择和理由。

【详解】

写作之前要1.审清题目，看看有哪些要求？哪些时态？人称？2.确定文章类型，记叙文？说明文？议论文？看图？还是应用文？3.确定时态，单一还是混合。4.写下关键词、短语、句型。5.列出提纲和段落，并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色，人称、时态、单复数一致等。运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。用的短语、句型：both kinds of、If we choose a boarding school、At the same time、As for me, I prefer a boarding school、pay attention to、来增加了文章的亮点。

【点睛】

这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题，注意过渡性语言的使用。做到：要点要全，表达要清晰明确，使用短语，句型要准确，注意避免拼写和语法错误。

3．书面表达

我的英语学习

初中即将毕业，你在英语学习方面积累了较多的经验与方法，请你向你的表弟介绍你的做法，根据下面表格中的内容，按要求用英语写一篇短文，

要求：1．语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范；

2．必须包含表格中所有内容，并作适当发挥

3．行文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名；

4．词数80－100。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

【答案】My English Study

How time flies! My three-year middle school life will be over soon. Looking back, I have many memories of my English study.

First, listen more. Listening to the radio is a good way to learn English. We can relax ourselves by listening to English songs. Second, say more. Use spoken English when communicating with classmates. Speaking English can enhance the ability and confidence to learn English well. Third, read more English books. Reading can broaden our horizon and help us understand English culture. In addition, learn some grammar rules to better understand and use English. Finally, we can write about our daily life.

In a word, only when we develop interest in studying English can we learn it well.

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如look back，listen to the radio，a good way to learn English，relax ourselves，communicate with，help sb. do，do more reading，in addition，in a word等。而感叹句How time flies!，倒装句only when we develop interest in studying English can we learn it well.和复杂从句结构Use spoken English when communicating with classmates.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

4．假设你是光明中学的学生李华，你正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 活动，请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。

1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；

2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；

3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；

4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；

5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；

6. 你应该……你打算/将要. …

参考词汇：感动be moved幸运的是fortunately要求：

1. 词数：80-100；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3. 要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming, Middle School.

Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it

was_______________________________________________

【答案】Hello，everyone！I am Li Hua from Guangming Middle School.

Last Wednesday，when I finished school，it was raining hard（1）.Then l took a taxi at the school gate（2）.But I left my English book in the taxi（3）because l was in a hurry when L got out of it（4）.There was my name in my book（5）.When l got home and found my book gone.

I felt very worried and sad（6）Fotunately /Luckily，the next morning，the kind-hearted driver sent it to my school（7）.I was very happy and moved（8）when I saw my book come back. I think I should learn from the driver（9）.And I am going to set up a lost and found website to help the people who need help（10）.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇材料作文，根据提示中的相关信息介绍一下你所正在参加“发现心灵最美的人，创建城市文明，争做文明市民” 的这个活动。所提供的信息中列举了1. 上周三放学时，雨下得很大，于是在校门口打了一辆出租车；2. 下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上；书上有你的姓名；3. 到家发现书不见时，感到很焦急；4. 幸运的是第二天早上，司机把书送到学校；5. 当看到自己的书时，既开心又感动；6. 你应该……你打算/将要. …；主要从这六个方面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意发作文中必须包含提示上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适

当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。

【高分句型一】

I left my English book in the taxi because I was in a hurry when I got out of it. 我把英语书忘在出租车上了，因为我下车时很匆忙。

句子I because I was in a hurry when I got out of it.是由because引导的原因状语从句。

【高分句型二】

I was very happy and moved when I saw my book come back. 当我看到我的书回来时，我非常高兴和感动。

句子when I saw my book come back.是由when引导的时间状语从句。

5．书面表达

共享单车为我们的生活带来了极大的便利。假设你是红星中学九年级学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国最新出现的一种共享单车“mobike”很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。

请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1. 这种单车的使用方法（如：APP查看车辆、扫码开锁等）；2. 这种单车的优势；3. 你对这种单车的看法。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：智能手机smartphone；扫码scan the QR code；交通工具a means of transportation。

Dear Jim,

I’m siting to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest letter. ______

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Hope to ride a mobike with you in China.

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jim,

I’m writing to tell you more about the new form of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest letter.

It’s very convenient to use if you have a smartphone. What you do is to find a neares t mobike through the APP, scan the QR code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.

Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the greatest advantage of mobike is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of

transportation, which relieves the traffic pressure and does good to the environment as well. Hope to ride a mobike with you in China.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇要求介绍关于共享单车的一些事情。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。

6．书面表达

我们在生活中总是面对着各种各样的压力，这会严重妨碍我们的学习和生活。某中学生英文报正开辟专栏讨论中学生如何减压。假设你叫李华，请从以下几个方面，用英语写出你的具体做法，向该栏目投稿。

1.与他人交流；

2.参加体育运动；

3.参加娱乐活动；

4.其它减压方式。

参考词汇：stressed adj.有压力的

注意：

1.词数80-120左右；

2.文中不得出现真实人名及学校名；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear editor,

There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear editor,

There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.As for me.when I feel stressed,I usually communicate with my friends,parents or teachers.Sometimes I will do sports with my classmates,such as riding bikes,going swimming and so on.I go to the movies or listen to light music in my spare time,too.What's more, going on a trip in holiday is another way to make me relaxed. I believe the more relaxed we are, the happier we live.We will be healthy and learn better .

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇要求介绍自己面对着各种各样的压力是如何做的。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。

7．假如你叫李华, 三年的初中生活即将结束, 你将迎来漫长的暑假, 你的笔友Peter写信来询问你的暑假计划。请根据表格中所给的基本信息给你的笔友回信, 告诉他你的暑假计划。要求：

1. 回信必须包含表格中的所有信息, 并可适当发挥, 字数在80字左右, 开头和结尾不计入总字数。

2. 回信中不得出现真实的人名和校名, 否则将以零分计。

3. 书面表达必须写在答题卡上, 如在本卷上作答, 一律不得分。

Dear peter,

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours

Li Hua

【答案】例文Dear peter ,

Thank you for your letter, in the letter, you asked me how I planned my summer vacation, now, let me tell you all about it.

Firstly I will visit my grandparents as soon as I leave school, I haven’t see them for a long time, I miss them so much. Then , I am going to take trip to Beijing and Shanghai to open up my eyes, as we all know, both cities are so beautiful and important, I believe I can learn a lot by travelling. After coming back, I will learn senior subjects by myself to get ready for the coming senior school, because I dream to go to a famous university.

That’s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours.

Yours

Lihua

【解析】

【详解】

本文分三个自然段。第一段点出文章主题you asked me how I planned my summer vacation, now, let me tell you all about it。第二自然段用Firstly，Then ，After coming back有序列出三个计划。文章结尾用That’s all about my plans, please write me soon and tell me about yours总结。另外，文中为第一人称，时态主要为一般将来时will visit my grandparents，I am going to take trip，I will learn senior subjects等。

8．书面表达

某英文报社组织了题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中

任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：

1. 该谚语的含义；

2. 体现该谚语含义的个人经历。

a) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

b) Where there’s a will, there’s a w ay.

参考词汇：谚语 proverb

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________

【答案】A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed

A life without friends is a life without sunshine! Friends try their best to help you without thinking of what they can get from it.

Once I doubted the usefulness of study, losing my interests and direction, even confidence. Finally, I decided to stop studying. After knowing the news, my friend encouraged me patiently. She insisted on persuading me until I promised to give up this thought.

Later, I made up my mind to study hard so as to enter my dream university.

Many people will be in and out of your life, but only true friends will leave footprints in your hear. True friends always come to you when you need help.

【解析】

【分析】

这是命题作文。二选一，第一个是“患难见真情”，第二个是“有志者事竞成”。

【详解】

标题都是以谚语的形式出现，所以考生第一步做的是理解这两个言语的意思，选择自己较有把握的。在选择标题之后，根据所给内容提示，进行写作。写作时，先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体

9．假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Johnson打算暑假来合肥玩，而合肥的夏天经常持续高温，请你根据以下提示，用英文给他写一封邮件，告诉他防暑降温的方法。

● 清淡饮食；● 合理休息；● 适当运动；● ……

注意: 1.词数80-100；2.请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；3.文中不得出现真实姓名、学校名和地名；4.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Johnson

Welcome to Hefei. It’s a very beautiful city. But it’s often very hot in summer. Here is some advice on how to beat the summer heat.____________________________________________

I hope the advice is useful to you. Wish you a good holiday!

Yours,

Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jack,

Welcome to Hef ei. It’s a very beautiful city. But it’s often very hot in summer. Here is some advice on how to beat the summer heat.

First of all, you should drink more water and eat light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables. Next, you’d better get some sleep after lunch. Don’t stay up and make sure you get enough sleep. It’s not a good idea to stay out when it’s very hot. What's more, take some exercise properly. Why not take a warm shower before going to bed. Finally, if you have to go out, please remember to wear sunglasses and a hat.

I hope the advice is useful to you. Wish you a good holiday!

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】

【详解】

本文是一篇关于防暑的建议，所以写作时，比较多地用到表示建议的句型，比如You’d better… ,You should…. , It’s a good idea to do…., Why not do….? Why don’t you do….? 提出建议时要条理清晰，可以使用First,…. Second, ….. At last….等表示次序的词。在文章最后可以提出自己的期望和祝福。写完后记得对文章检查复合，避免单词拼写及语法错误。本篇文章首先第一段对别人的到来表示欢迎，接着对合肥的天气进行总的描述，并引出下文自己的建议。第二段也是文章的主体部分。用first of all, Next, What's more, Finally,提出了四点建议，其中用到建议的句型，例如you should，you’d better, Don’t…, It’s not a good idea to….., Why not…., please…...等。结构清晰，层次分明，词语及句型使用正确，很不错的一篇文章。

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