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M4U3 被动语态(学案)

Passive Voice

基本结构：be + 过去分词

不同的时态被动语态的形式不同：

一般现在时：

现在进行时：

现在完成时：

一般过去时：

过去进行时：

过去完成时：

一般将来时：

be going to do:

be to do:

将来完成时：

过去将来时：

含情态动词的被动语态形式：

注意：

1.在被动句中，经常用介词by引出动作的发出者。

2.当主动句句子结构为主+谓+间宾+直宾时，变成被动句，主语为直接宾语时，在间接宾语前面加上介词to/for。

My uncle bought me a new computer.

→A new computer was bought for me by my uncle.

They were offered headsets and gloves in the cinema.

Headsets and gloves were offered to them in the cinema.

3.有些动词经常以被动语态的形式出现，通常把其看成形容词。

这些词有：

be bored with be born in/on

be disappointed at/by be puzzled by

be pleased by/with be surprised at/by

be hidden in be devoted to

be buried/absorbed in be employed/occupied in

be impressed by be dressed in be lost

4.在主动句中，“一感二听三让四看”即使役动词let/have/make以及感官动词feel, hear/listen to, see/watch/observe/notice 等后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变成被动句时需要加上to。

5.get 可以代替被动语态中的be

如get started, get paid, get married, get divorced, get separated, get worried about , get dressed, get changed, get hurt.

不能变为被动语态的情形：

1.主动句中的谓语动词是某些状态性动词时，这类动词强调“拥有，属于，存在”等含义时，不可变为被动语态。如have/own/possess/contain/exist/hold/lack/become/belong等。This museum owns 5,000 modern paintings, sculptures and drawings.

I have a computer.

2.某些不及物动词，不及物动词短语以及系动词用主动语态表被动意义，它们是没有被动语态的。

(1)表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词，如read/write/sell/wash/lock/shut/open/move/clean/catch/draw/cut等，其主语大多指物，且它们通常跟well/easily/badly等评价性副词连用。

This kind of book sells well.

The cloth washes well.

(2)物作主语的系动词，用主动形式表被动意义，同样没有被动语态，如feel/smell/taste/sound/prove/remain/stay/appear等。

The music sounds sweet.

The room belongs to me.

主动形式表被动意义：

1.不定式的主动语态表示被动意义：

(1)不定式在easy/difficult/fit等形容词之后，且不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动意义，且不定式的宾语必须省略。

The book is easy to understand.

(2)若作定语用的不定式与其所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，并与句子主语之间存在主谓关系，也可用主动形式表示被动意义。

I have a letter to write.

(3)某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租/责备/解雇等，也可用主动形式表示被动意义。此类常见的动词有：let(出租)，rent(出租)，hire(雇用)，blame(责备)等。

Am I to blame?

2.用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义：

(1)在need/want/require(需要)/deserve(值得)等词后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式。need doing = need to be done

(2)在形容词worth后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，即be worth doing= be worthy to be done或be worthy of being done.

3.某些介词短语作表语时可表示被动意义：

under discussion under control under construction

under repair under consideration in the charge of

in use in print on show on sale out of control out of sight

4.被动形式表示主动意义

某些“动词+反身代词”结构，可变成被动结构表示主动意义。常见的这类结构有：devote oneself to, seat oneself, dress oneself, amuse oneself, lose oneself, prepare oneself for, concern oneself about等。

练习：

1. I ___________(give) a new book by my father

on my birthday.

2. English ___________(find) very useful.

3. The work ______________(finish) tomorrow.

4. The flowers ________ ______ (water) by them now.

5. The railway ________________ (build) this time last year.

6. The new way _______ already _________ (build).

7. The new railway _____________ (build) by the end of last year.

8. He told me the sports meeting ____________ (hold) the next month.

9. To my delight, I __________ (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

10. It is reported that a space station ______________ (rebuild) in years to come.

11. --Did you enjoy the party?

-- Yes, we ___________(treat) well by our hosts.

12. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _____________ (rebuild).

13. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world.

14. If nothing ________(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

15. Your hair wants_____________(cut).

16. This pen______________(write) well.

17. The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building ______ (remain) now.

18. The wall ________________ (paint) this time yesterday.

19. My homework ____ already _________ (complete).

20. The park _____________ (close) by the end of last month.

21. Mary told me the sports meeting ____________(hold) the next month.

Translate the following sentences.

1. 这件毛衣很好洗。

This sweater ______(wash) well.

2. 这些花闻起来很香。

The flowers ________ (smell) sweet.

3. 这种布料易干.

This kind of cloth _______ (dry) easily.

4. 你的外套该洗洗了。

Your coat needs ________(wash).

5. 这本书值得一看。

This book is worth ________(read).

This book ________ well.

1. —The window is dirty.

—I know. It _____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

2. By the end of last year, another new stadium _______ in Beijing.

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. has been completed

D. had been completed

3.—How long _______ at this job?

—Since 1990

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

4.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened

5. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

6. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.

A. has been

B. had been

C. has

D. had

7.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump

B. jumps

C. jumped

D. to jump

8. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.

A. hasn’t been decided

B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide

D. hasn’t decided

9. The pen _______ me. It is hers.

A. isn’t belong to

B. wasn’t belong to

C. doesn’t belong to

D. didn’t belong to

10. I can’t use my bike because it _______.

A. is repairing

B. is being repaired

C. will repair

D. was repairing

11. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.

A. was expected; heard

B. had expected; hear

C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard

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