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动词的形式和分类

动词的形式和分类
动词的形式和分类

动词学案

Class:Name:

◆Teaching Aims:

★To learn the classifications of the verbs.

★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration.

◆Teaching Procedures:

一、动词的分类

1. 实义动词

实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为

__________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。(1)及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

①动词+宾语

My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground.

②动词+宾语+宾补

The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games.

翻译:We call English teacher Zhang Sir.

____________________________________________________

注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。

③动词+双宾语

My mother gives me a new bike.

注意:有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。

Hand me that book, please.

= Hand____________________________________.

有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。

My mom bought me a nice backpack.

= My mom________________________________________.

(2)不及物动词

不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词!

①We arrived______ the station at five.

②He turned _______ the light when he left.

③He takes pride_______ doing a job well.

注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。

The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。

(3)延续性动词

延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如:live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等,可以和时间段连用。We have lived in China since 2001.

You can keep this book for two weeks.

(4)非延续性动词

非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,如:buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, catch等,不能和时间段连用。如果和时间段连用,就要用其他词代替。

He has been here for five days.(arrive)

The film has been on for ten minutes.(begin)

常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:

1、go——be away

2、come——be here

3、come back——be back

4、leave——be away(be not here)

5、buy——have

6、borrow——keep

7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on

9、finish——be over 10、open——be open

11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost

13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on

15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated

17、join——be in(…)或be a…member

18、become——be

2. 连系动词

连系动词也称为系动词,连系动词有一定词义,但不完整,不能单独做谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构,表示主语身份、性质、状态。

You are a teacher, but not a good one.

We feel very happy when we know it.

英语经常用到的连系动词有:

(1) 状态连系动词:表示主语的状态、性质、身份。(be)

My father is very strong.

(2) 持续连系动词:表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。(stay,remain,keep等)

You must keep healthy.

(3) 表象连系动词:用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。appear(看起来),seem(看似),look(看起来)。

Your mother looks much younger than I thought.

(4) 感官连系动词:feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)look(看起来)。

The milk tastes a little sour.

(5) 转变或结果连系动词:become(变为),get(成为),grow(长得),turn(变得),go(变得)等。

Our village is becoming more and more beautiful.

3.助动词

助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语,帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有:be,do,have,shall,will 等。例如:

Will you have a sports meeting next week?

Is your mother cooking?

Don’t be late for class next time.

4. 情态动词

情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词连用作谓语,表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面:

(1) 含must的一般疑问句,肯定回答仍用must,否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”。一般不能用mustn’t,因为mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”,语气很强。

—Must I finish my homework now?

—No, you needn’t.

(2) may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t。

—May I smoke here?

—No, you mustn’t.

(3) 表示可能性或推测时,can多用于否定句或疑问句,can’t表示“不可能”;may多用于陈述句,may not表示“可能不”;must只用于肯定句,表示“一定、准是”。

You may be right or may not be right.

The news can’t be true.

She must be angry.

(4) need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句,表示“需要”,也可以作实义动词,后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must。

You needn’t come if you are busy.

—Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗?

—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不,没必要。/ 是的,你必须来。

He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会。

(5) have to的意思接近must,但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性,常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态,其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。

Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗?

You don’t have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。

(6) be able to表示具体的能力,与can用法相近,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事,而could只表示过去具备某种能力。

The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难,但我做出来了。

二、动词的形式

1. 动词原形

动词原形就是词典中出现的动词原来的形式。例如:be (是),work(工作),study(学习),write (写)等。动词原形用法很多,经常在中考考查的用法有:

(1) 在一般现在时中主语不是第三人称单数形式,其谓语动词接动词原形。例如:

We often watch TV at home after supper.

(2) 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语。例如:

Your words make me feel angry.

(3) 在祈使句的开头用动词原形。例如:

Come and buy your books at our book shop.

(4) 在情态动词和do、will、would等助动词后用动词原形。例如:

Can you swim across this river in an hour?

Did everybody want to go there last Monday?

(5) 常见的后面用动词原形的结构:

Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.?

had better do sth.

Let sb. do sth.

help sb. do sth.

Why not go there on foot?

You’d better finish your homework before supper.

Let’s play volleyball after school!

2. 第三人称单数形式

动词的第三人称单数形式就是句子的主语是第三人称单数形式,并且谓语是一般现在时,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。例如:

My sister often watches TV with us at home.

动词的第三人称单数形式的构成:

(1) 一般情况下在动词后加字母-s。例如:

work-works write-writes take-takes

(2) 以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾或以字母o结尾的动词加-es。例如:

watch-watches pass-passes catch-catches

do-does go-goes

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把字母y变为i再加-es。例如:

carry-carries try-tries

3. 现在分词

动词的现在分词形式由动词原形+ing构成,一般和be动词连用构成现在进行时、过去进行时或

用作非谓语动词。例如:

The girl is studying English at home now.

I saw a boy lying on the ground.

现在分词的构成:

(1) 一般情况下直接加-ing。

buy-buying drink-drinking find-finding

(2) 以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去掉字母e加-ing。

take-taking come-coming become-becoming

(3) 以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母,再加-ing。

sit-sitting stop-stopping begin-beginning forget-forgetting

(4) 部分以ie结尾的单音节动词,先把ie变为y,然后加-ing。例如:

die-dying tie-tying lie-lying

4.过去式和过去分词

动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去时;过去分词是用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态的,也可用作非谓语动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化如下:

(1) 一般情况下直接加-ed。例如:

work-worked-worked help-helped-helped

(2) 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,直接加字母-d。例如:

live-lived-lived like-liked-liked

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把字母y变为i,再加-ed。例如:

carry-carried-carried study-studied-studied try-tried-tried

(4) 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写此辅音字母,然后加-ed。例如:

permit-permitted-permitted prefer-preferred-preferred

不规则的变化参见课本最后一页不规则动词表。

可以攻玉—经典例题

一、改错

1. The sun raises in the east and sets down in the west.

2. That kind of cakes is tasted very well.

3. My little brother will can go to school next year.

4. Look at that tall man. He maybe our new teacher.

5. The little boy do his homework with his students in the classroom.

6. My mother doesn’t of ten carries some water for us.

7. There are a lot of people work on the hill.

8. Why not coming here and watch TV with me?

9. My brother said that he had already went to Beijing.

10. It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother.

高分秘籍—过手训练

1. Look! The rain _____. Let’s go and play together.

A. stop

B. reach

C. stops

D. reaches

2. -Do you know that piece of music ______ by your teacher?

-Really? That’s wonderful.

A. is talked

B. is written

C. seems

D. writes

3. Look! The students ________ a book under the tree.

A. reading

B. are reading

C. looking

D. are looking

4. His father often ______ him cry when he was young.

A. looked

B. felt

C. worried

D. made

5. When he heard the facts, his face _____ red.

A. knows

B. turns

C. flies

D. takes

6. I saw a bag ______ on the floor when I was on my way to school.

A. lying

B. lays

C. lies

D. laid

7. The boy _____ his hands again and wanted to ask a question.

A. rises

B. raised

C. raises

D. rose

8. —Must I finish reading the book today?

—No. You ______ if you have something else to do.

A. mustn’t

B. couldn’t

C. can’t

D. don’t have to

9. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers ______ halfway.

A. stop

B. to stop

C. stopping

D. stopped

10. My mother often tells me this kind of milk ______ a little sweet.

A. looks

B. tastes

C. turns

D. feels

11. —I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

—No, she _______ be there. I’ve just been there.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. wouldn’t

12. -_______ you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? -No, never.

A. Do

B. Can

C. Have

D. Has

13. _______ TV until you finish your homework.

A. Don’t watch

B. Not watch

C. Aren’t watch

D. Didn’t watch

14. ____ you have a sports meeting next month?

A. Do

B. Will

C. Are

D. Can

15. Kelly cooked dinner ______ her parents while they were cleaning the yard.

A. with

B. for

C. to

D. instead

16. It will _______ you about thirteen hours to fly to England from Hong Kong.

A. spend

B. take

C. use

D. pay

17. My grandfather ______ in this small mountain village when he was a child.

A. use to live

B. used to live

C. used to living

D. used to life

18. Have you read the novels ______ by the great writer Lu Xun?

A. written

B. is written

C. writing

D. is writing

19. —There’s too much sunshine.

—Yeah, we’d better _____ the sunglasses.

A. put away

B. put on

C. take off

D. take away

20. After such a long journey, the children _______ be very tired now.

A. can

B. must

C. have to

D. need

21. —Can you answer my question, Lily?—Yes, I ______.

A. can

B. need

C. must

D. may

22. —What’s wrong with you? You look so tired.

—Last night I _______ sleep well.

A. couldn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

23. You ______ worry about him. He will get well soon.

A. needn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. may not

24. You ______ play with fire, Tom. It’s dangerous.

A. needn’t

B. may not

C. mustn’t

D. wouldn’t

动词的形式和分类

动词学案 Class:Name: ◆Teaching Aims: ★To learn the classifications of the verbs. ★To master their usage through cooperation and exploration. ◆Teaching Procedures: 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为 __________动词和_________动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为_____________动词和___________动词。(1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is ________ ______ ________(fly)on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students___________(happiness) by doing some games. 翻译:We call English teacher Zhang Sir. ____________________________________________________ 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand____________________________________. 有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom________________________________________. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词! ①We arrived______ the station at five. ②He turned _______ the light when he left. ③He takes pride_______ doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有turn、open、close、start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。 The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。

英语动词重要分类及用法说明

英语动词重要分类及用法说明 ■及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词(vt)后面要跟宾语,不及物动词(vi)不跟宾语。如: They study hard. 他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语,是不及物动词) I know them well. 我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them,是及物动词) 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词) She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词) ■动态动词和静态动词 根据词义特点,行为动词可分为动态动词和静态动词。动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, live, lie, exist, be, have, mean, seem, appear, sound, prove, concerns, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, surprise, astonish, satisfy, contain, include, matter depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如: [译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■限定动词与非限定动词 限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三

中学语法_14_系动词

新概念英语:系动词的分类及用法大全 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 英语系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。

(完整)初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)

动词概述 一、实义动词 ■①及物动词与不及物动词 根据后面是否带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi . They study hard. I know them well. 注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well. She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,____不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once? She began working as a librarian after she left school. When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语: ■②动态动词和静态动词 动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。 ■③延续性动词和非延续性动词 根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。 注:非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如:[译]他离开这里三天了。 [误]He has left here for three days. [正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago. [正]It’s three days since he left. ■④限定动词与非限定动词

系动词的分类、用法及专项练习

系动词的分类、用法及专项练习 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

常用动词的四大分类

动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

系动词分类

系动词分类: 一、根据系动词后所跟结构,我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be, seem)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look) 例如:1)He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法) He looks a clever boy .(“看起来”,系动词用法) 2)He looks at a clever boy.(“看着”,实义动词用法) 在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。 二、根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为四类: A.五大感官系动词B.状态系动词C.动态系动词D.双谓语系动词 A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词。1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇,看上去若有所思。2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.分词。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.\分词。The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.\分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5.feel ①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a night’s sleep. 睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。 B.状态系动词: 1.be“是”,属完全系动词。I am a student. 我是一个学生。 2.seem“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3.appear“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。 4.keep“保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。 You’d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。 5.remain“仍是”,半系动词。I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。 6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。The window stayed open all the night. 7.prove“证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.\n. The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。 C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。 1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。 2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词: asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.那位老人说不清自己的意思,就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。 3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”

动词的分类用法(基础知识)

动词的分类用法 【真题再现】 1. Many successful people have the same quality —they never ______ no matter what difficulties they’ve had.(2016 山西) A. give up B. stay up C. cheer up 2. He told the interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (2016 黄冈) A. put away B. turned off C. taken out D. used up 3. —Another good idea! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come. —Hey, we’re ______ a lot of good ideas, aren’t we? (2016 黄冈) A. getting along with B. coming up with C. catching up with D. doing well in 4. As time ______, you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2016 安徽) A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up 5. Spring has come. We can't ________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week. (2016 安顺) A. put off B. make up C. come up with D. look up 6. It ________ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth. (2016 临沂) A. takes B. spends C. costs D. pays 7. —Don't ______ late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning. —Ok, dad, I'll go to bed right now. (2016 温州) A. dress up B. grow up C. stay up D. mix up 8. — Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? (2017 广东) — It ______ the weather. A.carries on B.lives on C.depends on D.holds on 9. Our government has tried many ways to ________ the smog(雾霾) problem.Maybe we’ll have a clear sky in the near future. (2017 哈尔滨) A.put away B.work out C. come up 10. Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can ________ any problem you face. (2017 常州) A. work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 11. Lao She’s Teahouse ______ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.(2017 天津) A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects 12. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to _______ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty. (2017 江西) A. taste B. smell C. wash D. plant 【答案与解析】 1. A。句意:许多成功人士都具有相同的品质——无论遇到什么困难他们从不放弃。give up放弃;stay up熬夜;cheer up使……振奋,故答案为A项。 2. D。句意:他告诉记者他已经用光了买旧自行车的钱。run out of用光,用完;put away 将……收起;turn off关掉;take out拿出;use up用光,用完。根据句意,此处应该选择D 项。

中考英语动词分类及训练

中考英语动词分类及训练(总 6页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1 -CAL-本页仅作为文档封面,使用请直接删除

动词专项复习 一、动词的分类 1. 实义动词 实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 ①动词+宾语 My brother is flying the kite on the playground. ②动词+宾语+宾补 The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. We call the bird Polly. 注意:省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make, let,have, see, watch, notice, hear等。 ③动词+双宾语 My mother gives me a new bike. 注意:有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有bring、give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me. (2)不及物动词 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词。 We arrived at the station at five. He turned off the light when he left. He takes pride in doing a job well. 注意:有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。

高中英语系动词分类及用法讲解

高中英语系动词分类及用法讲解 四川省西充中学谢小洲1.常见的系动词有: (1)状态系动词:表示主语状态,主要有be动词。如:He is a teacher. (2)持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有rest(仍旧),remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),stand(处 于基状况或情形)。如:This matter rests a mystery. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. (3)表“像”系动词:表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look.如:He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. (4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel(觉得,摸起来给人以某种感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),look(看 起来)。如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. (5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, turn, make, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等。 如:She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。 The boy’s blood ran cold. Mary’s face went red. His dream has come true. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. (6)终止性系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove(证实),

英语动词的分类及基本形式

英语动词的分类及基本形式 英语动词的分类及基本形式:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词(即Action verbs实义动词,分为及物动词和不及物动词)、系动词(The Linking Verb)、助动词(The Auxiliary Verb)和情态动词(Modal verb)四类,有些动词是兼类词。 如:We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约(have是助动词) I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助动词) You needn’t have waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) ■动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时(第三人称单数)、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。 A.行为动词 即实意动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。 2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 B.系动词

英语系动词的分类

英语系动词的分类 系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。 一、系动词的分类: 常见的系动词大致可分为三类。 第一类:表示特征或状态的,有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turn,out(结果是、证明是)等。 You”ll be all right soon。 You don”t look very well。 I feel rather cold。 He seems to be ill。 It appears that he is unhappy。 The roses smell sweet。 The mixture tasted horrible。 How sweet the music sounds! The day turned out (to be) a fine one。 第二类:表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。 He became a world-famous scientist。 It is getting warmer and warmer。 It grew dark。 The food has turned bad。 Yesterday he suddenly fell ill。 Mary”s face went red。 His dream has come true。 The boy”s blood ran cold。 第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep,remain,continue等。 Keep quiet,children! The weather continued fine for a long time。 It remains to be proved。 系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句,系动词be可用于上述所有情况。如: The pepople are the real heroes。(名词) That”s something we have always to keep in mind。(代词) She is often the first to come here。(数词) She is pretty and wise。(形容词) The news was surprising。(分词) His job is teaching English。(动名词) The only method is to give the child more help。(不定式) I must be off now。(副词) The bridge is under construction。(介词短语) hat would be a great weight off my mind。(词组)

英语动词分类大全.

英语动词分类大全(附练习) 一、什么是动词 动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如: The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态 二、动词的分类 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词 行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如: I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住

It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有 (二)连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如: We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是 are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。 连系动词可具体分为三类: 1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been 等要特别予以注意。例如: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。) He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。) 2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。) I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。) Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。) The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)

系动词分类及用法

1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired.他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 5)since和for 在现在完成时态,since后面加时间点,for后面加时间段。 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

动词的种类和基本形式

动词的种类和基本形式 情态动词 一、定义与分类 情态动词,也叫情态助动词,主要用于表示说话人对所说的话的态度和看法。常见的情态动词有can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, ought to, need, dare等。另外,used to,had better也有一定的情态意义,也可划入情态动词范围(有人称之为半情态动词)。 二、can和could的用法 1. 表示能力:can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力,要表示将来具备的能力通常用be able to的将来时态。如: Can you believe that this abstract painting was painted by a six-year-old girl? 你相信这幅抽象画是出自一个六岁的女孩之手吗? Can't we just live in today, without the worries of tomorrow or the regrets of the past? 难道我们就不能活在当下,而不为将来担忧,不为过去叹息吗? 注:could表示过去的能力,通常只用于表示过去的一般性能力,而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的能力。如:他学习很努力,所以考试能及格。误:He studied hard and could pass the exam. 正:He studied hard and was able to pass the exam. 注:但在否定句中没有以上限制,即couldn't可表示过去特定情况下的能力,如可说He studied hard but still couldn't pass the exam0 2. 表示允许:表示现在的允许时,若是请求别人允许自己做某事,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉;若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只胖can, 而不用could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以进来吗?"Could [Can] I use your pen? " "Yes, of course you can. " “我可以用你的钢笔吗?” “是的,当然可以。”(不能说Yes, you could. )表示过去的允许时,若表示过去一般性允许(即表示某人随时都可以做某事),用could;若表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动,则不用could。如: When I lived at home, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to. 我住在家里时,想什么时候看电视就可以什么时候看。(一般性允许) Am I allowed to introduce our new manager Mr Anderson to all of you? 请允许我介绍我们的新经理安德森先生给大家,好吗? 3. 表示推测:对现在或将来的推测,两者均可用,但can通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句,而could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;对过去的推测,应在can, could之后接动词的完成式,且此时can仍只用干否定句或疑问句,不用干肯定句;而could则可用于各种句型。如: Can [Could] this be true? 这可能是真的吗? Where can [could] he have gone? 他可能到哪里去了呢? She can't [couldn't] have left so soon. 她不可能走得这么早。 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了。 注:could后接动词的完成式,除表示对过去情况的推测外,还可表示过去没有

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