翻译资料
False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean
方便面convenience noodles instant noodles
隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens
早恋early love puppy love
机械对应
干货dry goods dried goods
油性皮肤oil skin oily skin
没有考虑具体搭配
假花false flower artificial flower
假唱false singing lip-synch
番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise
农民peasant 个人主义individualism
五行
金、木、水、火、土
The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena)
气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang
饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong
皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour
粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves.
盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony
易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat
春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge
文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought
围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses
兔死狐悲
Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare
Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind
调虎离山
To lure the tiger out of the hills
To lure the enemy from his base
“我中了他的调虎离山计啦”
I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme.
引狼入室
Literal: To bring the wolves into the house
Liberal: to invite disasters
走马观花
To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers
To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation
调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。
There are two ways of making investigations, one is to look at flowers on horseback and the other is to get off your horse and look at them.
如坐针毡To feel as if sitting on a cushion filled with needles
To feel terribly uneasy
（眉飞色舞his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing
胸有成竹Have a bamboo in one’s stomach
风雨飘摇the wind and rain are rocking
单枪匹马with a solitary spear and a single horse
无孔不入to get into every hole
灯红酒绿with red lights and green wine
眉飞色舞to beam with joy
胸有成竹Have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth
风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable
单枪匹马To be single-handed in doing sth）
眉飞色舞to beam with joy
胸有成竹Have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth
风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable
单枪匹马To be single-handed in doing sth
无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness
灯红酒绿Dissipated and luxurious
粗枝大叶With big branches and large leaves To be crude and careless
开门见山to come straight to the point.
套译法
隔墙有耳Walls have ears 破釜沉舟To burn one’s boat 朝三暮四blow hot and cold 骨瘦如柴直：To be as thin as sticks 套：To be a bag of bones, To be skin and bones
画蛇添足直：to draw a snake and add feet to it 套：to paint the lily
掌上明珠直：A pearl in the palm 套：the apple of one’s eye
挥金如土直：to throw money about like dirt 套：to spend money like water
增译法
你这是在班门弄斧。
You’re showing off your proficiency with an axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
省译法
愁眉苦脸gloomy faces天长地久eternal like skies字斟句酌weigh every word
无影无踪without a trace
1.要实现这个目标易如反掌。
Reaching those targets will be very easy.(will be a breeze).
2.几年的好收成使人民逐渐丰衣足食了。
Several years of good harvests mean that people are better fed and clothed.
3.跟他们讲爱因斯坦的相对论，简直是对牛弹琴。
Talking to them about Einstein’s Theory of Relativity is like preaching to deaf ears.
4.看到火灾后的惨状，就是铁石心肠的人，也会伤心落泪。
Even a person with a heart of stone will weep at the devastation caused by fire.
5.他们在高考中都名落孙山了。
They all failed the university entrance examination
6.在他的花言巧语哄骗下，不知有多少女孩子上了他的当。
Who knows how many young women have been deceived by his honeyed words.
7.此项提议对各方面都有利，所以能一唱百和，立即获得许多人的支持。
The proposal, being advantageous to all, met with instant general approval and was supported.
8. 近年来各种贸易、企管顾问公司成立，犹如雨后春笋。
In recent years, businesses, enterprises, and all kinds of consulting companies have sprung up like mushrooms.
9. 这次演讲的题目应是留学生在美国的生活，他却东拉西扯，说到南极探险家的生活上去了，真是离题万里。
The talk was to have been about the life of foreign students studying in America, but he rambled way off the subject and ended up talking about life in the Antarctic
（1）结合语境，注意源语和目标语的确切含义。
“狡兔三窟“the mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken”
“亡羊补牢”lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen
（2）结合语境，注意源语语义的褒贬和语气的轻重。
儿子的诞生对他的幸福生活来说真是锦上添花。
“锦上添花“paint the lily”？
“阴雨绵绵”“cloudy and drizzly for days on end”,“raining for days on end
（3）结合语境，注意使译文尽可能地保持原文的风格和形象性。
这是他梦寐以求的东西①That is what he longs for．②That is what he has been longing for days and nights．
“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”①Nothing venture，nothing have．②How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair?
1.《毛泽东选集》《实践论》中国人有一句老话说：“不入虎穴，焉得虎子？”
2.他打算出去看看，“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”。
1.The Chinese have an old saying, “How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair ?”
2. He decided to go out to have a look，nothing venture，nothing have
正式会议formal meeting
正式声明official statement
正式成员the full member of the delegation
经济法制化:manage economic affairs within a framework
经济全球化: economic globalization
社会知识化:build a knowledge-driven society
国际关系民主化: the practice of democracy in international relations
国民经济信息化: build an information-based national economy
科研成果产业化: apply scientific research results to industrial production
胆小如鼠:as timid as a rabbit
落汤鸡:a drowned rat
养虎为患:to cherish a snake in one’s bosom
瓮中捉鳖: like a rat in the hole
如鱼得水: like a duck to water
愚蠢如猪: as stupid as a goose
犟得像头牛: as stubborn as a donkey
一窝蜜蜂一窝小鸡一窝幼犬一群美女一群猎狗一群羚羊一群鸭
A swarm of bees A brood of chickens A litter of pups A bevy of beautiful ladies
A pack of hounds A herd of antelopes A team of ducks
积极支持: unfailing support 积极的财政政策: proactive fiscal policy
积极利用国外资源: make effective use of overseas resources
基本工资:basic wage 基本建设:capital construction 基本物质:essential commodity
基本工业:primary industry 基本利益:fundamental interest
Omission Exercises:
他虽然很穷，但是还尽量帮助别人。
Though very poor, he still tried to help others.
他幼时和母亲的感情特别亲密.
As a youngster, he was especially close to his mother.
学校体育课时小孩子接触运动的主要渠道。
The main way kids get involved in sports is through school games.
他们对小弟弟和小妹妹保护、鼓励兼而有之，起到了重要的作用.
They played an important role by encouraging and looking out for their younger brothers and sisters
这条河在市内穿流而过，载负着城里人的悲与喜。
The river runs through the city, bearing with it its many moods.
愿天下有情人能安度婚姻长路，品尝到此生无憾的滋味.
May all lovers enjoy long, happy marriages, sharing all that life has to offer.
有很多人就消失不见了，家破人亡、妻离子散。
Many people have simply disappeared, their families dispersed.
迎娶越南新娘，从订婚到结婚，都要遵照越南礼俗，马虎不得。
Engagement and marriage to a Vietnamese girl must strictly follow Vietnamese customs.
母亲对他而言，代表了安全感和避风港，只要妈妈在，这个世界就不会动摇。
For him , Mother represented a safe refuge. As long as she was there, all was right with the world
我们从来没有见过这么长的句子。
Never have we seen such a long sentence.
饮宴之礼，无论中西都有一套繁文缛节。
Whether in China or elsewhere, dinner parties and banquets must observe a whole set of over-elaborate formalities.
他半夜没睡好觉，因为他右肘疼得厉害。
His right elbow ached badly and kept him awake half the night.
你有这么好的一份工作，为什么还要新工作？
Why do you want a new job when you’ve already got such a good one?
除非我们有强有力的政策处理国内问题，否则美国人民不会支持强有力的外交政策。
The American people will not support a strong policy abroad, unless there is a strong policy at home.
地震以后，这个地区土石松动，土石流问题也日益严重。
Landslides are a worsening problem in this area since the earthquake.
高尔夫球盛行在美国，是有道理的。
There are many reasons for golf’s popularity in the United States.
剖腹产率之高是医疗界一个令人费解的现象。
Another phenomenon that is hard to understand is the high rate of cesarean sections.
女性更年期要不要用激素也引发不少争议。
There is considerable controversy over whether or not women should take hormones dring menopause.
我卷入妇女运动跟我的家庭背景有关。
My family background has greatly influenced my involvement in the women’s movement
闲人莫入Employees only.
这一关键性问题其实不难回答。This critical question is easy to answer.
在那些清苦的年代，他自由地成长。In those years of hardship, he grew up with few restrictions. 大家全然不了解目前的形势。People are completely ignorant of the current situation.
大家全然不了解目前的形势。People are completely ignorant of the current situation.
工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。Mistakes are usually unavoidable when you’re new to your work.
这些正是这种应酬风难以禁止的最大原因。These are the main reasons such social gatherings continue unabated.
人类马上就要进入地球村紧锣密鼓、引项期盼的千禧年了。
The millennium year, so eagerly anticipated throughout the global village, is almost upon us.
联考即将废除，但没有了联考，第一女高仍然是家长、学生心目中的第一志愿。
The joint entrance exam is soon to be a thing of the past, but the First Girls Senior High School will no doubt remain the first choice of many girls and their parents.
在这些孩子的笔下，生活总是愉快的。
As described by these children , life is always happy.
我记得那时我的打扮挺滑稽的。
I still remember how strangely I used to dress.
与这位将军的婚姻正是她传奇一生的起点。
The amazing story of her life really began after her marriage to the general
这话虽然夸张，却也有几分可信。
This may be an exaggeration, but there is still some truth in it.
那还是个男孩，可能还不满周岁。
That baby boy was less than a year old.
西方人不太了解中国传统社会向来重视风水观念。
Westerners don’t know too much about the importance of feng shui in traditional Chinese culture.
我想我做的是科学普及的工作。
I believe my job is about popularizing science.
尽管理智上她接受这一切因素，但心情还是大受影响。
Although she has rationally accepted all these factors, they still weigh heavily on her emotionally.
我对于是否接受这份工作仍然举棋不定。
I am still uncertain about accepting this job
大学扩大招生后，大学教育便从以往的精英教育变成普及教育。
The expansion of university admission has changed them from institutions for the elite to ones for the general public
他知道你这样的肤色穿什么颜色比较合适。
He knows what colors look good against your skin.
母亲承担下了所有的家务，却没有一声怨言。
Mother uncomplainingly took care of all household matters.
现在大学生的理想色彩淡化了。
College students are less idealistic these days.
那时候梅葆久才是个十岁的小男孩，只觉得唱戏是件挺新鲜的事情。
?At that time, Mei Baojiu was just a little boy of ten. For him, singing opera was just something new and exciting.
?膏药由于只和皮肤接触，危险性自然大减，只要用的人一有不适，把它撕下来就可以了。?A plaster only comes in contact with the skin, and so is less risky. The moment users feel any adverse effect from the medicine, they can just peel it off.
目前旅居法国的作家郑宝娟，嫁给来自四川的先生，几年前随他返乡探亲后，也见识到了麻辣火锅在当地的威力。
?The husband of author Zheng Baojuan, who lives in France, is from Sichuan province. It was on a family trip there a few years ago that she first became aware of the huge popularity of the malahotpot
笛声止了。远远响起了拍掌声和欢笑声。
?The flute stopped, and from the distance came the sound of applause and laughter.
?旧历新年快到了。这是一年中的第一件大事。
?The traditional New Year Holiday, the first big event of the year, is fast approaching.
?趁假期到山间走走，洗涤身心积劳，也算是除旧迎新。
?Taking advantage of the break from work to refresh oneself with a hike in the hills is another way of seeing out the old and ringing in the new.
我首先要向您表示我们代表团对您的热烈祝贺，祝贺您当选大会的主席。
?First of all, I wish on behalf of my delegation to congratulate you warmly upon your election to the important post of the president of this assembly.
以农民为例，他们现在更乐于使用科学种田法。
?Take the farmers, for example. They are now more eager to use scientific methods to cultivate. ?早上六点半，大多数上班族还在梦乡，他已经在办公室了。
?It's half past six. Most office workers are still fast asleep, but he is already at his desk.
应酬场合中，了无新意的场面话和敬酒往往占去大半时间，真正想聊天的人反倒没有机会，只能陪这耗时间。
?During business dinners, small talk and toasts take up most of the time. Those who really want to discuss something have no opportunity and end up wasting their time.
这个休闲农场是这一类农场的首例，假日常有许多外地人来此一游。
?This tourist farm is the first of its kind. Visitors come from far and wide on weekends and holidays.
?一个适合收获的午后，两个兄弟趁着假日光着脚丫，跟家人到田里帮忙收割。
?It was a good afternoon for harvesting. The two brothers used their school holiday to go barefoot to the fields to cut rice with their family.
这种发自内心的理解，要靠时间培养，急也急不来。
?This kind of genuine understanding takes time. It can't be rushed.
?地位之差主要取决于两个因素。
?Differences in status exist, and they come mainly from two factors.
?想减肥的人应该少吃面包。
?If one wants to lose weight, one should eat less bread.
?美国纯属电话国家，其部分原因是电话服务胜过邮政服务。
?The U.S. is definitely a country of the telephone. This is due partly to the fact that telephone service is better than postal service.
1949年出生的袁先生生长在浙江的一个小镇，是家里四个兄弟姐妹中最小的一个。
?Born in 1949, Yuan was raised in a small town in Zhejiang Province, the youngest of four children.
?一张照片能够诉说一个故事，替代千言万语。
?A picture is worth a thousand words.
?温度升高，融化速度就加快。
?Higher temperatures are causing faster melting rates.
南极冰山融化，这是地球“发烧”后最早出现的症状。
?The melting of Antarctic ice was one of the earliest noticeable symptoms that the Earth had become "feverish".
?我有一条好消息，真出乎意料，让我来告诉你。
?I have a surprising piece of news fro you.
我家后面有小山，山上盛开的野花有动容之姿。
?The hillside behind my home was a riot of wild flowers.
?夏天种蔬菜，冬天种菊花，这里的农民以“冬花夏菜”的策略，避免了经济损失。
?By growing vegetables in summer and chrysanthemums in winter, the farmers here have avoided economic losses.
?他站得很近，近得令人感到不舒服。
?He stood uncomfortably close.
Unit 1课文翻译及课后翻译练习参考答案
Unit 1 课文翻译及课后练习翻译参考答案 课文翻译： Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们也承认自己的迷茫：在这个变幻莫测的时代，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也感到纠结——一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终，本科教育的质量将由毕业生参与社会与公民活动的主动性来衡量。雷霍德·尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有奉献社会，才能了解自我。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心（或直译：一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心），他将会失去自我。”理想化的本科教育应该反映在超越自我中。在这一个残酷的、竞争激烈的社会，人们期望大学生能具备正直、文明，甚至富有同情心的人格品质，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合（或直译：希望大学的人文教育能使大学生在与他人的人际交往中具备人文情怀，这是否合适）? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。这迫切需要美国教育有助于弥合公共政策与公众理解程度之间的极具危险性、正日益加深的鸿沟。建设性思考政府议程问题所必备的知识似乎越来越无法掌握。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。他们问，如果一些非专业人士甚至不懂专业术语，怎么可能让他们去讨论重大的政策选择问题? 核能的利用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 公民们带着类似的困惑讨论“星球大战”问题，试图搞懂那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及相互竞争中的有线电视公司对许可证的申请等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家来解决。这些专家讨论专门术语，常常不是阐明问题，反而使问题变得让人迷惑不解。然而，公共生活的复杂性，要求更多、而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极、而非更消极的公众参与。 对于那些关心“民治”政府的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜、危在旦夕，无知是不可取的。由视野有限的专家完全控制政策制定，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们如果不能找到更好的方法教育自己，如果不能提出难题，并得到满意的答案，那么我们会冒险做一些关键性的决定，不是基于我们所了解的知识，而是基于对一两个所谓专家的盲目信任。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育(well-informed)、关心他人(caring)的人士。他们能作为公民，本着服务大众的精神，团结一致，相互学习，参与到民主建设之中。 我们需要关心公众事务的人，他们能参与调查，知道如何提出合适的问题，了解公民政策制定的程序，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出有根据的、敏锐的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府”要有生命力的话，大学相对于其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的开明领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，所需的视野不仅要着眼国内，还必须放眼世界。当代大学生必须还了解其它国家的民族与文化。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖
翻译资料英语
FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1
外文翻译
Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the
翻译资料
Rise from China Today to Create Your World of Tomorrow An Intermediate Course of Translation and Interpretation in Natural English Series 一. 英语是全世界使用民族最多、使用范围最广的语言，汉语是全世界使用人口最多、使用范围越来越广的语言，在各种情况下把英语或汉语作为母语、第二语言和外国语使用的人数约占全世界人口的一半, 而且正在呈几何级数性增长。语言与文化方面的观察家们认为，随着时代的进一步发展，尤其是随着中国社会的进一步国际化，英汉两种语言之间的翻译将成为全世界信息网络翻译的主要领域。因此，如果你掌握了英、汉这两种人类使用最多的语言及其文化背景，又能在两者之间进行必要的翻译，那么在当代社会你决不会成为落伍者；在国际政治、经济、科学、艺术、交流日益频繁，全球主义文化成为时代主旋律的21世纪，你不费吹灰之力就能找到自己的用武之地。 二. 从事翻译需要在所翻译的两种语言方面都有扎实的功底，但这决不意味着只要两种语言功底好就无需学习翻译。假如你掌握了两种方言，你就会知道，把一种方言翻译成另一种方言也并非容易：有时候一种方言中的词语很难在另一种方言中找到完全对应的词语。方言之间尚且如此，在中西两种语系不同的语种之间进行翻译其难度就可想而知了。不同的语言具有不同的结构体系，其间的概念与各种形式关系并非整齐划一地个个对应，常常难以对号入座。同时，由于语言在具体的语境中使用时千变万化，无论什么双语辞典也都无法解决翻译中所有的具体问题。所以, 一个人即使熟练地掌握了两种语言，可以分别在其中任何一种语言体系中纵横自如，但在翻译时却仍然可能会不知所措，甚至会突然陷入“失语”的尴尬境地。总之，把两种语言分开来讲都讲得很好的人，一旦把二者联系起来讲就可能会遇到麻烦, 甚至哪一种也讲不好！这是因为双语交叉使用时必然会出现二者相互影响、干扰的情况。要证明这一点非常简单：请一个英、汉两种语言都很好但不从事翻译工作的人随意讲一段连续的话，请他/一句汉语一句英语地讲，看看他/能否像连续讲一种语言时那样既自然又流利，既不重复又连贯密切。总之，无数双语工作实践经验已经证明，翻译需要专门的训练，扎实的的双语功底只是通过训练学好翻译的条件。 三. 语言水平的高低永远是相对的, 语言学习也永远没有止境。因此, 我们也不能认为只有语言功底十分扎实，语言水平达到尽善尽美的程度以
英文文献翻译
中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。
毕业设计外文翻译资料
外文出处： 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术 译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）
中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.
引进外资外文翻译资料
河南科技学院新科学院 2013届本科毕业生论文（设计） 英文文献及翻译 Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition 学生姓名：王艳杰 所在院系：经济系 所学专业：国际经济与贸易 导师姓名：侯黎杰 完成时间：2013年4月15日
Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition Abstract:This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies relative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting foreign capital remains a sound policy for economies characterized by imperfect competition, scale economies,and regional unemployment. Keywords: International capital mobility; Imperfect competition; Welfare 1.Introduction The welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in the presence of trade restrictions have been extensively studied. Brecher and Diaz Alejandro (1977) show that when imports are subject to tariffs, an introduction of fo reign capital inflows accentuates the tariff distortion and hence reduces national welfare if the import-competing sector is relatively capital-intensive. In contrast, Dei (1985) shows that when imports are restricted by quotas,foreign capital inflows in the presence of foreign-owned capital always improve welfare by depressing the rental and so lowering the payments to existing foreign-owned capital. Recently, Neary (1981), using a common framework for both tariffs and quotas, obtains more general results of foreign capital inflows; the welfare effect of such inflows depends crucially on whether foreign-owned capital exists initially in the home country. In addition, Khan (1982) and Grinols (1991) have examined the effects of foreign capital inflows for a generalized Harris-Todaro economy under tariff protection. Khan finds that the result by Brecher and Diaz Alejandro is still valid even in the presence of unemployment, whereas Grinols argues that increased foreign capital need not be detrimental to welfare if the opportunity costs of labor are sufficiently low. Noteworthy is that the models used by these authors are all based upon the premise of perfect competition along with constant returns-to-scale technology. Although perfect competition serves as a useful assumption in crystallizing theoretical insights, it nevertheless fails to depict many of the real-world phenomena. The real-world economy is characterized, to a large extent, by imperfect competition and economies of scale. The policy implications of imperfect competition and economies
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False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。
英文简历必备-个人资料中英翻译
个人资料 name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址 current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男
female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数none 无 street 街 lane 胡同，巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事