现在完成时讲解与练习

现在完成时讲解与练习

1.构成

现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法

（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：

-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.

你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 \

如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

3．结构

1）．陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。

have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.

2）．一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？

3）．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？

eg. He has already finished his homework.

He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

Has he finished his homework yet?

--Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.

（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语―过‖，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。

如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

4.现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示―曾经‖或―从未―等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括―现在‖在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？

（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示―一段时间‖的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不

能与表示―一段时间‖的状语连用。要用，必须改为―be（在）‖等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

arrive→be here begin(start)→be on

die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear 或be on

open →be open join →be in或be a member of…

close →be closed go to school→be a student

borrow →keep buy →have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）

6.几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示―去过某地（现在已经回来了）‖，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示―去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）‖，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时练习

[Exercises7]A）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。

A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?

B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?

B: He _____________ there for three days.

A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?

B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?

B: He _____________ there only once.

B）用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。

Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

John _______ England since he came back.

How long _____ have _____ this village?

The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

I _____ this school since three years ago.

C）选择填空

( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he?

(A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't

( )2.She's never been to England, _______she?

(A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is

( )2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.

(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often

( )3.How long ___he______ the library book .

(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy

( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library

(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go

( )5.Mr smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week

(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone

( )6.They_________China for two years

(A)have been to (B)have been in(c)have gone to (D)have come to [Exercises10]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词

①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.

→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/b e here/be there

He got to Beijing five minutes ago.

He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.

I moved to the USA last year.

I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.

I went home yesterday.

I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.

They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out

He came out two years ago.

He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.

We return to Fuzhou yesterday.

We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become → be

I became a teacher in 2000.

I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.

The river became dirty last year.

The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close → be closed open → be open

The shop closed two hours ago.

The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.

The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up die → be dead

leave sw. → be away from sw.

fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep

finish/end → be over marry → be married

I got up two hours ago.

I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.

He left Fuzhou just now.

He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.

My grandpa died in 2002.

My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.

The meeting finished at six.

The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

I got to sleep two hours ago.

I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.

They married in 1990.

They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth.begin → be on

I began to teach at this school in 1995.

I ____ ____ at this school since ____.

The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know

They borrowed it last week.

They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.

I bought a pen two hours ago.

I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.

I got to know him last year.

I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.

I put on my glasses three years ago.

I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to → have been in

He has gone to Beijing. He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

⑨join the league/the Party/the army

→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier

→ be a member of the league/the Party

→ be in the league/the Party/the army

He joined the league in 2002.

He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He ________ _________ a _________ __________ the _________ for two years.

He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.

My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother_________ ________ a _________ for _________ _________.

My brother _________ _________ in __________ _________ for two years.

C）选择填空

( )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years

(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died

( )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years

(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend

( )4.He _____his home for ten years

(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from ( )5.He _____a league member for three years

(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become

( )6.Lihua's brother has _______for two years

(A)joined the army (B)been an army(C)become a soldier (D)been in the army ( )7.He hasn't _____Quanzhou ever since he left school

(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away

[Exercises 11] 选择填空

( )1. ——Have you finished your homework——Yes, I _______it last night

(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish

( )2.—— ________you ever _______to Nanjing——Yes, I ______there last year.

(A)Have…gone, have gone(B)Have…been , went

(C)Did…go,went (D)Did…go, has , been

( )3.——When _______you ________Lucy in New York?

——I _________here for two years

(A)did…meet, haven't seen (B)did…meet, haven't seen

(C)did…meet, don't see (D)would…meet, hadn't seen

( )4.when_ you to Beijing?

( )3.He ______finished his homework. yet

(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C) hasn’t(D) doesn’t have

( )1.——Have you ________traveled on the train.——Yes, I have.

(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet

( )2.——Have you finished your homework——Not__________ . (A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just

( )3. We haven't finished our homework .

(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never

( )4.——Have you______ learned English?——Yes, I've _____learned a lot. (A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever

( )5.——Have you finished your homework ____?——Yes, I've ___done that (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just

( )6.John's father _______borrowed some pictures

(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet [Exercises4] A）用since和for填空

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month

4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock

7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

B）用since和for填空

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.

2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

( )1.I've been like this ever since _________

(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week

( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years.

(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since

( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week.

(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before

( )4.His father joined the party_________

(A)for three years (B)since three years ago

(C)three years ago (D)in two years' time

1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. has been in

2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times.

A. went

B. go

C. have been

D. have gone

4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years.

A. have been to

B. have been in

C. have been

D. have gone

5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months.

A. did; buy

B. have; get

C. have; had

D. have; bought

6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.

A. has been

B. has been in

C. has been to

D. has gone to

7._ _has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ _ toChina?

A. How soon , comes

B. How often, got

C. How long , came

D. How far, arrived

8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

9. He has never surfed, __________(改成反意疑问句）?

10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)

__________ have they been here?

11. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(die)

12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变)

This factory _________ for twenty years.

13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）

Miss Gao___________ an __________hour ago.

14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）

_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.

15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）

现在完成时与中考题

选择填空。

1．I_______ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）

A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard

2．—Where have you __ these days？—I have to Dazhu with my friends．（重庆市）A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市）

A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent

4．—Where's Peter？—He _______ to Nanjing．（沈阳市）

A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went

5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）

A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you

6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省）

A．when B．since C．before D．after

7．—I have watched the game．—When you _______ it？（长沙市）

A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch

8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black —Oh，I ___ such a beautiful city．（江西省）

A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited

9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．（广州市）A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel

10．My grandfather_______ in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town．（四川省）A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living

11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（贵阳市）

A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone

12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）A．after B．before C．since D．for

13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西）

A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died

14．—Have you ever_____ to Haikou？—Yes，I_____ there with my family last August．（海南省）A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in

15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years．She'll return next year．（合肥市）A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from

（Key：1—5BBCCB 6—10BCCCC 11—15BCBBD）

现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D.will know

2、He has ______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing

B.was writing

C.wrote

D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A.has changed ; well

B.changed ; good

C.has changed ; better

D.changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying

B. will ; study

C. has ; studied

D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know

B. had known

C. have known

D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .

A.will see

B.have seen

C.saw

D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished

B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished

D.will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ?

—About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun

B. had begun

C. has been on

D. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is

B. has

C. will

D. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone

B. went

C.will go

D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in

B. have been to

C. have gone to

D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left

B. had left

C. has been away

D. had been away

22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open

D. opened

24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

25.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left

26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became

29. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned

30. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been

34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from

35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take

36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been

37.Are you ____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on

38.He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up

39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught

D. has had

40.----- How long can I ______ the book?

------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?

3、The old man _______ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换) Miss Gao ____ ___ ____ ____ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

6、他这些天上哪儿去了？

参考答案：

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far （到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故

9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。17、A 18、

D 19、C 20、C

二、句型转换。

1、has he?

2、How long

3、died, has been dead

4、has been open

5、has been away

6、joined；ago

7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.

三、汉译英。

1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.

2、He received a letter yesterday.

3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.

4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.

5、She has been to Shanghai.

6、Where has he been these days？

现在完成时专项练习

I. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. I already (see) the film. I (see) it last week.

2. —he (finish) his work today?

— Not yet.

3. —you (be) to Hong Kong?

— Yes, I (be) there twice.

4. —you ever (eat ) chocolate sundaes （圣代）?

— No, never.

5.My father just (come) back from work. He is tired now.

6. — Where's Li Ming?

— He (go) to the teacher's office.

7.Shanghai (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it (become) a large city.

8.I (work) here since I (move) here in 1999.

9.So far I (make) quite a few friends here.

10. — How long the Wangs (stay) here ?

— For two weeks.

II. 句型转换(每空一词)。

1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句)I been to Macau before.

2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill. (就划线部分提问) he come to school?

3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)

learned English?

4. I bought a new bike just now. (用just改写)I just a new bike.

5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句)

We English three years.

III. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone

1. Harry：I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.

Diana：No, it wasn't me. I never there.

2. Sam：Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where they ?

Sue：To Florida, again.

Sam：How many times they there?

Sue：This is their third visit.

3. Joe：Can I have an apple, please?

Mary：We haven't got any. I not to the shops today.

4. Alan：Where's Tony?

Mary：He's got a headache so he to bed.

5. Steve：Can I speak to Jill, please?

Lynn：She's out, I'm afraid. She to the cinema this evening.

Steve：Again? She already to the cinema three times this week.

IV. 用for 或since填空。

1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.

2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.

3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.

4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.

5. India has been an independent country 1974.

6. The bus is late. We've been waiting 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.