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助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题
助动词与情态动词-讲解及练习测试题

助动词与情态动词

一、助动词

助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义,只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语,用来表示时态和语态,构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)

(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态;

(2)“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态;

(3)“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语:

①表按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year.总理将于明年访问日本。

?

“do + 动

只有

(1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you.

(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now.

(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow?

(5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to 则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better.

2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,

如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new

computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.

(2)may或might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now .

3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式must not,缩写形式为mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.

(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.

) ;(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t)这时,ought与should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.

7、dare的基本用法

(1)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again?

(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.

8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:He needn't worry about us now.

(2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day.

(3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.

(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示,如:Shall I open the door?

10、should的基本用法

(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意,如:You should learn from each other. (2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如:You should have

he would

练习题

1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.

A. were

B. should

C. will

D. can

2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.

A. should have sent

B. were going to send

C. should be sending

D. should send

3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we

A. dare you to say

B. dare you say

C. do you dare say

D. dare to say

15. You are their teacher. You _________ care of them.

A. should to take

B. might to take

C. ought to take

D. need to take

16. She is studying medical science now but she _________ a lawyer.

A. used to be

B. would be

C. were

D. had been

17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _________ English every day.

A. will be used to speak

B. will be used to speaking

C. must be used to speak

D. would be used to speaking

18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _________.

A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have

19. As a girl, she _________ get up at six every day.

A. would

B. will

C. might

D. should

20. Don't you remember that we _________ to the cinema tonight?

A. would go

B. go

C. are going

D. will be gone

英语语法-助动词和情态动词用法及习题

目录 1助动词和情态动词的定义 (2) 2 can,may,must (3) 3 Will you~?和Shall I(we)~? (10) 4 would和should (14) 5 have to (16) 练习题 (17) 答案 (18)

1助动词和情态动词的定义 在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。 情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 (×)She cans swim well. (×)She can swims well. (○)She can swim well. (○)She swims well. 即使主语是第三人称单数(例如she)can也不能加“s”。 句子中有情态动词can时,即使主语是第三人称单数,也不能在一般动词(例如swim)上加“s”。 1 助动词的种类 1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being) 它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见第九章),与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态(参见第十三章)。 I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。 The book was written by me. 这本书是我写的。 2. have(has,had,having) 它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态(参见第十一章)。 I have finished my homework. 我已经写完作业了。 3.shall(should),will(would)

助动词和情态动词

助动词和情态动词 1. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You______ be Mrs. Peters. (10北京) A. might B. must C. would D. can 2. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? (10江西) A. Must B Can C May D Will 3. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man (10安徽) A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. (10山东) A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. (10辽宁) A.can B.will C.must D.may 6.Wine ____ do good to people’s health if drunk properly. A. can B. should C. must D. might 7. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 8. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t attend C. mustn’t have attended D. can’t attend 9. ---Has Mr. Tom White arrived? ---Yes, already. ____ he wait outside or just come in? A. Shall B. May C. Could D. Must 10. Walking in space ____ sound easy, yet great care and skills are needed. A. should B. shall C. may D. must 11. ---Amazing! You ____ wear slippers at work! ----Don’t you know it’s a fashion? A. must B. should C. can D. may 12. ---The two astronauts had been trained for long before they flew to space. ---Oh, they ____ quite a lot of difficulties. A. might go through B. may go through C. should have gone through D. must have gone through 13. ---Can I pay the bill by check? ---Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be paid in cash. A. will B. can C. should D. shall 14. ---Catherine looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? ---Yes, but I ____ her just before her final exams.

(完整word版)情态动词讲解及练习题

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be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)第一讲

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英语助动词和情态动词及练习

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初中英语情态动词讲解练习和答案解析

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be动词-情态动词及助动词用法

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