英语论文句型实用SCI期刊发表论文模板大全
Abstract:
1.In this work,(design parameters) were investigated for (enhancing the conductivity) of(graphene-coatedcotton textiles).
2.The (mechanical performance) of the fabrics was also investigated. The results showed that…
3.(Electrical conductivity increased by approximately three orders of magnitude) with the increase in the number of(coating process from 1 to 20 cycles)
4. (Electro-activity) was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy.An increase( in electro-activity was observed) when the inactive GO was reduced to RGO.
Introduction：
1. …attracted a great deal of attention recent years due to its…as well as other…2….containing… have recently attracted much attention for their use in a wide range of applications, especially…
3. Different methods have been used for the production of …,and…was the fist method used to produce…However, the production by this method is not very effective,so other methods such as…have been developed…
4. In this paper we have used a chemical method to obtain…where (graphene oxide) is … to obtain …
5.…have several advantages over conventional materials such as …, such as …And…. In addition,…For example….
6.… have usually been obtained by … in contact with( solutions)…
7.In the present work,… were obtained by …
8.E-textiles are fabrics that enable computing, digital components(元件) and electronics to be embedded（嵌入）in them.Similar to classical electronics, construction of electronic capabilities on textile fibers requires use of conducting and semi-conducting materials（半导体）. (套话)
9.Electroconductive textiles can be made using( metal strands or metallic fibers mixed with textile fibers woven into the construction of the textile). However, because both( metals and classical semiconductors are stiff呆板material), they are not very suitable for textile fiber applications since (fibers are subjected to a high degree of stretch and bending during their application). There is also an interest in (semiconducting textiles), made by (impregnating normal textiles with intrinsically conducting polymers, carbon black, carbon nanotubes or metal-based powders). 10.But, the most widely used methods require (complex processes, expensive
materials )and pre-functionalization and have some disadvantage such as (lacking uniform coating, flexibility and durable wear resistance（耐用耐磨）, which increase cost of production.)
11... has been highly effective in producing…. However, this approach is limited by…On the other hand,…chemical reduction can be realized at…, which is extremely important for practical applications.
12.In this paper, the fabrication of( electroconductive cotton textiles )was explored
using graphene. GO was( deposited )on the surface of fabric through a
(conventional dip and dry) approach.
13. Although numerous studies have investigated effect of…, this is the first report on
the effect of…. The results are important for understanding and controlling … and their possible applications.
14…. are highly attractive due to their intrinsic (本质)ability to form a variety of …by simply ….
15…. has been accomplished by…,In contrast….
16.The pure …retained the advantageous properties, such as …. However, the preparation of industrial quantities is presently impractical.
17. In this study, we used …for producing…by….
Experimental:
1.All reagents used were of analytical grade.(套话)
2. …were supplied by…and their characteristics were…
3….were used as received from…
4.These are specific terms used in the field of textile industry and their meaning can be consulted in a textile glossary.(套话)
5.(An Autolab PGSTAT302 potentiostat/galvanostat) was used to perform EIS analyses.EIS measurements were performed in the …range.
6.The characterization by means of CV has been taken at different scan rates as previous authors have corroborated the influence of this parameter on the electrochemical response obtained.
7. …was purchased from…. All other materials including …were supplied by….
8. …(The cotton fabric) was dipped into the prepared dispersion（分散液）, soaked for… at (roomtemperature )and then dried at … for 30 min.Because of the strong adsorption, the fabric was quickly coated by the ….
9. The coating process was repeated … times in order to increase…adsorption.(套话)
10. The ... samples were immersed in 100 ml aqueous solution of 25 mM reducing
agents of ….
11.The mixture was kept at t for.. min under constant stirring. The resulting fabric
was washed with a large amount of water several times to remove the excessive …. At the end, the samples were dried at 90 C for 30 min.
12.Electrical surface resistivity of the fabrics was measured using( a standard
two-probe method ) by means of Sa-Iran digital multimeter model 8515（数字万用电表）
Results and discussion:
1.FTIR-ATR measurements were performed to characterize GO powders as well as the RGO powders obtained after chemically reducing GO.
2. (SEM)was used to observe the morphology of the (coatings obtained). Fig. shows
the different (micrographs) obtained for the different RGO coated fabrics. Fig. shows micrographs of the … sample.
3.In these two micrographs (RGO sheets deposited )on PES fibers can be seen. In general…
4.Fig. shows micrographs of the … sample,where the presence of some particles can be observed on the surface of the fibers.
5.Samples of …with… were also measured to compare the different values obtained
6.the (impedance modulus (|Z|)) at the different frequencies for the different samples can be observed.(套话).
7.However when the sample of …coated with GO was reduced, a decrease of |Z| of about seven orders of magnitude was obtained.
8. It is worth mentioning that the values of |Z| increase with the decreasing frequency for the PES-1G sample.
9. this would indicate a slight inductive behavior…
10. Fig. shows different approach curves obtained in different parts of the fabric
for …samples. As can be seen in… the behavior changes completely from. In this case when the… approaches the surface of the sample, there is an increase in
the …. This indicates that the sample is …, since the sample is able to…
11.In Fig.. analyses on the sample of … are shown. In this case … was also obtained
and averaged values of …were obtained for....
12. The … between the different …does not play a role in this case, however, it had
significant effect on….
13. Future work is currently being carried out to study the … of the samples by …
in …
14.The present approach for making( electroconductive graphenecoated cotton fabric )
included two steps. The first was to( coat cotton fabric with GO by a simple dip and dry method). The second was( reduction of the GO deposited on the fabric to create electroconductive cotton fabric).
15.The SEM micrographs of the GO-coated fabric are shown in Fig. It can be seen
that…,after coating fabric with GO, the inherence morphological structures of the cotton fibers( did not change) which was due to (very low thickness and size
uniformity of GO nanosheets that homogeneously coated the fibers surface).
However, (as indicated by arrows, a few white spots) can be observed in some
parts of the fiber due to( incomplete exfoliation of graphite particles during
synthesis process.)
16.As, in particular, (color )can be potentially employed as a fast and intuitive(直
觉)way for (easy detection and simple evaluation of deposition and reduction of GO), color changes of the treated fabrics were investigated by assessing
reflectance spectra and color coordinates.
17.… were measured and the results are presented in Table…In comparison with the
original cotton…
18.After…, (tensile strength) of the fabrics treated with… was very similar to that of
the( GOcoated fabric). However, significant decrease was observed in tensile
strength of the fabrics treated with ….The results demonstrated that the(reduction
reaction )under different (reducing agents affected cellulosic structures of the
cotton fibers.)
19. With regard to the results of (surface resistance and mechanical properties), it can
be concluded that (reduction treatment of the GO-coated fabric by Na2S2O4 )did not cause any damage to the structure of cotton fibers, which confirmed its
suitability for practical applications. In addition, considering the large scale
production,( low price and its application in textile industry), especially in some industrial dyeing processes, …has a high potential for mass production of …. 20. …were dyed directly through a (dye-printing approach.)Briefly,… were passed through a …Temperature of the dye-bath was maintained at…
21.… showed excellent (electrical conductivity )even after being water-washed. For example…
22.The effect of (reduction time )on conductivity response was also studied. The data
showed that,with the increase in (reaction time from 1 to 30 min, surface
resistance )decreased.
23.The substantial decrease of resistance from 1 to 5 min, (respectively, demonstrated
rapid removal of the most oxygen-functional groups of GO during the first stages of reduction).However, for the samples treated at 60 and 120 min,(surface
resistance slightly increased), which may be due to( removal of some graphene nanosheets from surface of the fabric).
Conclusions
1. …fabrics were coated with graphene oxide (GO) and later it was reduced through a chemical method to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO).Samples with a different number of… were obtained and analyzed.
2. (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ) showed the (diminution) of the bands attributed to oxidized groups after reducing GO to RGO.
3. (Scanning electron microscopy )allowed the observation of sheets of RGO deposited on …fibers, although in general it was very difficult to observe the coatings formed.
4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) showed the effective reduction of GO to RGO.
5. With…(decrease )of the( electrical resistance )of about 7 orders of magnitude was observed when the ….
6.More…(did not) produce a significant improvement in the (electrical) properties.
7. With only one RGO coating, the contact between the different RGO sheets is not satisfactory and more layers are needed to improve this contact and obtain a material with good electrical and electrochemical properties.(套话)
8. … by …showed the clear difference between levels of … and ….
9. The electrochemical techniques used for the characterization indicate the need to
apply several RGO coatings during the synthesis to obtain materials with the best electrical and electrochemical properties.(套话)
10.Electroconductive cotton textiles were successfully prepared using graphene.( GO
nanosheets )were deposited on the cotton fibers via( dip and dry )method followed by chemical reduction which caused their conversion into conductivegrapheme (套话).
11.… was determined to be the best (reducing agent for achieving high level
of electrical conductivity) and 30 min reaction was enough for (complete reduction of graphene oxide).
12.(Increasing the number of coating process )could result in significant improvement
(in loading of GO )and thus increase in electrical conductivity of the
(graphene-coated fabric).
13.Considering (low cost, easy preparation, simple and effective coating), these
(electroconductive) fabrics are expected to have high potential for being used in advanced applications such as(smart and E-textiles).
14.In conclusion, …can be produced in industrial quantities by using ….
英语论文写作方法
一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向，具体解释如下：.英语文学：选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法地运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生地兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义，不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地（如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别地（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）.语言学：选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）. 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围地选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学：翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下，对翻译活动地研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究（如“汉语成语地英译”）.应该注意地是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. （一）前置．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. ．目录：由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页. ．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述，宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整地短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在字左右关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文地中心词，以显著地字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. （二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（）、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. ．引言：主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. ．正文：论文地正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分，论点明确.行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项地序号编码
英语论文写作指导 (仅供参考)
英语论文写作课复习资料(仅供参考) Lecture 1 General introduction 1. The basic concept of academic research paper writing The concept: “Research ”---something new, something of significance, something that can promote scholarship, science and technology, productivity and human growth, for the betterment of the well-being of mankind. 2. Characteristics of academic paper A. Scientific--- based on scientific theories and objective data, and the problem is approached with a scientific attitude and methodology．The conclusion is backed up by reliable evidence, the analysis or exposition is logically sound. B. Scholarly --- more or less theoretical and concerned with academic matters．The subject under discussion or investigation and the conclusion to be drawn are academically significant. C. Original --- a new perspective or method, develops new arguments or conclusions，or even makes a breakthrough in a certain field． The graduation paper is a special form of academic paper characterized by being scholarly，scientific and original to the greatest extent possible． 3. The style of academic writing A. Formal because it is written in standard language and in formal style devoid of contractions，ellipses，slangy words，vulgarisms，etc. B. Substantial because it deals with academically important and serious issues and is of substance and length． C. Well-documented because it rigidly follows the rules of citation and documentation with all borrowed ideas or facts fully acknowledged in the notes and bibliography． 4. The requirements of an academic paper. 1) A scientific attitude，a rigorous study style, a creative mind, and a great courage to explore unknown academic areas, discovering or solving problems in the academic or scientific fields. 2)Basic knowledge of academic research--- its nature, value, and significance，essential features, techniques and methods，etc．To learn more about the academic circle and the society by searching through all sorts of reference materials originating in academic and social studies. 3) To know about scholarship, such as how to find subjects to investigate, how to collect and evaluate source materials, how to develop their own ideas. 5. Components parts of an academic paper 1) English title and Chinese title of your paper 2) Abstract both in English and in Chinese and key words 3) Key words in English and Chinese 4) Contents
考研英语写作议论文常见话题经典句型示例
考研英语写作议论文常见话题经典句型示例 1. When asked about..., most people say... But many other people regard...as... I personally think... 当被问及对......有什么看法时，大多数人认为......但是，还有很多人认为......我个人认为...... 2. When it comes to..., some people think that... Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but... 涉及......这一问题，有的人认为应该......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是...... 3. It is widely acknowledged that...contributed to... Experts argue that China must introduce... But I doubt whether...alone will solve the problem。 人们普遍认为......专家认为中国必须推行......但我对仅仅......就能解决问题表示怀疑。 4. An increasing number of people are joining... In reaction to the phenomenon, some say... But do they realize that...can also lead to... 越来越多的人......进入了......针对这一现象，一些人认为......但是，他们有没有意识到......也能导致...... 5. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is...and... 我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是...... 6. Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is... 也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是...... 7. Never before in history has the issue of...been more evident than now。 历，......的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。 8. Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that... 也许现在是应该重新考虑......的时候了。 9. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that...is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。
SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全
S C I科技论文写作常用 句型大全 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半 好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类： 1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210) 类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615) 这种题目适合哪类文章适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。 要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版
英语议论文写作常用句型中英文对照模版 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying______. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… 。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides，______. 5.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8.……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重 的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has
SCI论文——英文写作的语言技巧总结
我觉得写文章之前要先有思路，你怎么去写怎么写的和别人不同，有新意。这里面的文章很大，我也说不透，只是参透了一二，和大家分享，望大家不要耻笑。我毕竟是个硕士研究生。 我觉得论文写很简单，主要是能够发表出去。下面我简单讲下我的思路。有相同或不同见解的留下言，共同交流，一起进步。 文章的第一步要有图，也就是说首先把图做的漂漂亮亮的，不管是SEM，TEM，Uv-vis，FTIR，还是效果图。图片放到你的文章里就是你的思路，图片放好了你的思路就出来了，这是就关键的过程，放图的过程中你要考你怎么写，你的文章新的地方在哪?;图做好了也放好了，就是写文章了，写文章也很快了，因为思路有了你的文章也构思好了。我在这里给出我写文章时的程序。对于文章主体部分，我觉得先写Results and discussion，写完了根据其内容下个Conclusion，然后根据Conclusion写Abstract(因为它们俩有些许的类似)，而后补充Experimental。论文发表qq1813831290最后也是最难写的地方Introduction，这个让审稿人一看就能知道你的文章的水平，所以写好Introduction是关乎论文是否收录的关键所在。我和外国审稿人专家关于审稿交流过意见，他们也是这样认为，他们也认为Introduction是整个文章的脸面，这是他们主要审的地方，在这里能看到你的创新点，创新点不够直接refuse;Introduction写的还可以的话，就看Results and discussion，这部分其实主要看的是图，你的图的清晰度质量，以及性能图。我审过一篇Journal of Hazardous Materials上面的文章，我也是这样审的。当然是咱们国内某名牌大学的文章，做的是催化，我也是做这个的不知为什么编辑发来让我审，我也感觉很莫名。后来编辑告诉我和我的文章有些类似还称我是专家，教授…… 下面我引用了一些总结的写作经验，我觉得很有用。大家认真看看，在此先祝福大家论文高中，硕果累累不减当年勇时： 1.前言部分 1.1如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性 通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如 However,little information... little attention has been devoted to… little work... little data/little research or few studies/investigations/few attempts have been don on… or none of these studies
初中英语议论文写作指导
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英文学术论文常用词句
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SCI文章优美句型-写SCI论文必备
1．To further substantiate a role of….. 2．To gain further insight into the involvement of…… 3．Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role of…… 4．The discrepancies between these studies may be explained in part by the fact that…. 5．It can also not be excluded that….. 6．To further elucidate the role of……. 7．There is growing evidence that………. 8．Several studies indicate that………… 9．It is generally accepted that……….. 10. In vitro studies revealed that…………. 11. This is somewhat surprising since……… 12. Furthermore, available data suggest the potential to…….. 13. development and generation of more specific inhibitors will be required to further explore their potential to……….. 14. A better understanding of the regulation of their expression will thus be……. instrumental in the development of specific targeting approaches……. 15. Little is known either on………. 16. ………….remain to be elucidated in more detail 17. The aim of this study was to clarify whether….. were therapeutic agents against 18. This study may provide a new recognition of natural medicine for the treatment of 19. Epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of 20…. are thought to act through receptor-independent and dependent mechanisms to promote… 21. …..which are derived from….., have been reported to possess a variety of potent properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, radical-scavenging, and cardiovascular protecting activity, anti-tumor, and so on. 22. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of …. and to evaluate the efficacy of cardiopr otection by……. 23. The pathological features of diabetes and/or its complications that were caused
英语学术论文写作常用句型
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
英文SCI论文写作时的语言表达技巧
英文SCI论文写作时的语言表达技巧 1. Introduction： A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？ 在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。如：However, little information(little attention/little work/little data/little research……)(or few studies/few investigations/few researchers/few attempts……)(or no/none of these studies……)has(have)been done on(focused on/attempted to/conducted/investigated/studied(with respect to))。如：Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider/ ignored/ misinterpreted/ neglected to/overestimated, underestimated/misleaded. Thus, these previous results are inconclusive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist…… 研究方法和方向与前人一样时，可通过以下方式强调自己工作：However, data is still scarce(rare, less accurate)or there is still dearth of……We need to(aim to, have to) provide more documents(data, records, studies, increase the dataset). Further studies are still necessary(essential)…… 强调自己研究的重要性，一般还要在However之前介绍与自己研究问题相反或相关的问题。比如：(1)时间问题；(2)研究手段问题；(3)研究区域问题；(4)不确定性；(5)提出自己的假设来验证。 如果你研究的问题在时间上比较新，你可大量提及时间较老问题的研究及重要性，然后(However)表明“对时间尺度比较新的问题研究不足”； 如果你的是一种新的研究手段或研究方向，你可提出当前流行的方法及其物质性质，然后(However)说对你所研究的方向方法研究甚少； 如果研究涉及区域问题，就先总结相邻区域或其它区域的研究，然后(However)强调这一区域的研究不足； 虽然前人对某一问题研究很多，但目前有两种或更多种观点，这种uncertainties或ambiguities值得进一步澄清； 如果自己的研究是全是新的，没有前人的工作可对比，你就可以自信地说“根据假设提出的过程，存在这种可能的结果，本文就是要证实这种结果”等等。We aim to test the feasibility (reliability) of the……It is hoped that the question will be resolved (fall away) with our proposed method (approach). B. 提出自己的观点：We aim to//This paper reports on//This paper provides results//This paper extends the method//This paper focus on……The purpose of this paper is to……Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, we will also discuss…… C. 圈定自己的研究范围：introduction的另一个作用就是告诉读者(包括reviewer)，你文章的主要研究内容。如果处理不好，reviewer会提出严厉的建议，比如你没有考虑某种可能性，某种研究手段等。为减少这种争论，在前言的结尾就必须明确提出本文研究的范围： (1)时间尺度； (2) 研究区域等。如涉及较长的时序，你可明确提出本文只关心某一特定时间范围的问题，We preliminarily focus on the older (younger)……如有两种时间尺度(long-term and short term)，你可说两者都重要，但是本文只涉及其中一种。研究区域的问题，和时间问题一样，也需明确提出你只关心某一特定区域！ D. 最后的原场：在前言的最后，还可以总结性地提出“这一研究对其它研究有什么帮助”；
研究生英语论文写作指导
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比较多的采用各种从句。而在非正式语体中，为了交流方便，常常采用比较简短的句式。 2）文体 论文应该采用议论文这样的文体。由于缺乏文体方面的知识，或忽视了文体区别，曾经有一些同学将在论文中错误地采用了说明文或分析劝导型文体。 相关知识链接：文体 记叙文（Narration）：记叙一系列的事件的发生。有时有一个主题陈述（thesis statement）。 说明文（Exposition）：说明一个事物或事理，主要目的是介绍信息（providing information, or informing somebody of something）。介绍事物的说明文通常在开篇部分对所说明的事物有一个总的概括介绍。一般采用写作中的描述手法（description）。描述总要循着某个规律，或从左到右，或由表及里，或由本质到现象，或由一般到具体，或由整体到部分，或进行比较对比（comparison or contrast），或进行因果分析（cause analysis）。说明事理的文章可有一个主题陈述。这个主题陈述虽然可能是有争议的，但是不能将这个文体与议论文混淆。作者并不去试图证明或反驳某个观点，只是通过陈述一些事实或事例来解释说明主题陈述。在罗列相关事实或事例时，作者不用遵循什么规律，只要能够达到说明主题陈述的目的就行。 议论文（Argumentation）：如同中文，议论文有论点，论据，结论。一般性的论文中，论点往往涉及一个常见话题（issue）。
一些常用的SCI论文句式
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