英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型）
用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。
对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。
一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：
Title(标题)
Abstract(摘要)
Keywords(关键词)
Table of contents(目录)
Nomenclature(术语表)
Introduction(引言)
Method(方法)
Results(结果)
Discussion(讨论)
Conclusion(结论)
Acknowledgement(致谢)
Reference(参考文献)
Appendix(附录)
其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，
Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。
学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。
标题的写法
论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。
6.1 标题的长度
标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2
2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0
3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3
14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2
5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2
6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4
英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2
列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。
表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一)
标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
7) On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 9 5 2 2
8) Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures: A Biomechanical and Comparative Study 10 4 1 4
9) Acoustics of Long Spaces: Theory and Application 7 4 l 2
10) Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of-Position Occupant 7 2 0
11) Semi-Integral Abutments in Bridge Seismic Design 6 3 l 2
12) High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling 9 7 0 2
13 ) Surface Engineering of Polymers for Biomedical Application 7 4 2 l
14) The Design of User-Oriented Database of Material Performance Based on Client/Server Model 13 7 3 3.
15) Impingement Heat Transfer of Diesel Flames in a Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine 13 8 2 3
平均（约） 9 5.5 1.5 2
来源：中国第三届青年学术会议论文集，材料科学与工程技术。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1998。
标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
1) Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements by the Elderly 9 5 2 2
2) Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students 9 6 l 2
3) Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students 7 4 2 l
4) Severe Weather and the Automobile 5 2 0 3
5) Heavy Weight Contenders：a Look at Fat 7 4 1 2
6) A1uminutn：Is It Hazardous to YourHealth? 7 3 1 3
7) The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey 11 5 2 4
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Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up → maintain Gone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data 可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software. ①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要 An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information. 信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有： ①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions ②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions
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对题名字数有所限制。例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。 3、中英文题名的一致性 同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。 4、题名中的冠词 科技论文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。 5、题名中的大小写 题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式：全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。 6、题名中的缩略词语 已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人
员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。 二、作者与作者单位的英译 1、作者 中国人名按汉语拼音拼写 2、单位 单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。 三、英文摘要 1、英文摘要的时态 英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳。 (1)一般现在时：用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等;涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，也要用一般现在时。 (2)一般过去时：用于叙述过去某一时刻的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程)。用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理，只是当时情况;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕
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SCI 论文写作不得不说的万能句型（二） 2016-09-13 生物学霸 上次给大家整理的万能句型挺受大家欢迎，这么有用的我们继续给大家整理。内容还是按照论文不同主体部分，不同的 参考文献：相关文献概览 1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ...... 2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ...... 3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ...... 4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. 5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... 6. During the past 30 years much more information has become available on ...... 7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on ....... 8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ...... 参考文献：以往研究或学术活动相关文献 1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) 2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) ?3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998). 5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ...... 6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) 7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones ....... 8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an ........ account, whilst Jones ..... 9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ...... 10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity 11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). 12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ...... 13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004). 14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between ....... 15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between...... 16. Other studies have considered the relationship ...... 17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, ....... 18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994). 19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and ....... 20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1).