高中英语 语法复习二十一 连词

语法复习二十一：连词

连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。

（一）并列连词：

并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neithe r … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.

（二）从属连词

从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：

引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as

引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)

引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as

引导结果状语从句的：so … that …, such … that …

引导目的状语从句的：so that …, in order that …

引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …

引导方式状语从句的：as if …

引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether 间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。

（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别

1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于“at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“at the time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：

As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She’ll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’ll come when (if) I’m free.

2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。

3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not …until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn’t talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didn’t go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。

4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.

5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常与even 连用，even though表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didn’t understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.

6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I don’t believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught

it as a truth to his students. (once连词)

7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。例如：He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He’ll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)

8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks

as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.

9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question

is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in

the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven’t decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，

而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是

肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could

you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don’t know whether or not they will come.

⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are

sure to succeed.

10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。例如：

As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches

us. ③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.

④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although

he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have

the same book as you.

练习、连词

1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if

C.when

D.as

2. ____ you are dismissed.

A. Neither you go nor

B. Either you go or

C. Whether you go or

D. Both

you go and

3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.

A. because

B. now

C. so

D. since

4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.

A. because of

B. owing to

C. due to

D. that

5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.

A. they

B. but they

C. and they

D. so they

6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.

A. So

B. Since that

C. Now that

D. By now.

7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.

A. since

B. for

C. because

D. so that

8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D.

until

9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as

well as D. as best as

10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.

A. as

B. what

C. that

D. whom

11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.

A. yet

B. besides

C. also

D. then

12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D.

like that

13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.

A. Because she went

B. After she went

C. When she went

D.

Since she went

14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While

D. During

15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left. A. after B. before C. since D. when

16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.

A. But

B. Although

C. Even if

D. If

17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished. A. so B. until C.

and D. when

18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.

A. and

B. yet

C. or

D. and but

19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late. A. or B. and C. so

D. yet

20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did. A. so B. as C. like

D. that

21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so

D. otherwise

22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.

A. either, or

B. neither, nor

C. not, but

D. both, and

23. He ran off____ I could stop him. A. before B. after C. since

D. when

24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After

D. Since

25. Where have you been ____ you left home? A. before B. as C. since D. when

26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.

A. Until

B. Since

C. After

D.

Unless

27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.

A. as

B. than

C. like

D.

white

28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except

for D. except that

29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.

A. not .. .but...

B. either.. .or...

C. neither.. .nor...

D. whether.. .or...

30. He will come ____ you ask him. A. whether B. unless C. if D. while

31.____ he will come or not is still unknown. A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether

32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C.

how D. where

33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.

A. so

B. that

C. so that

D. in order to

34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.

A. On the one hand

B. On the contrary

C. On the other hand

D. On the other contrary

35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.

A. if

B. whether

C. otherwise

D. unless

36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.

A. so that

B. when

C. otherwise

D.

therefore

37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..

A. whatever

B. however

C. wherever

D. whenever

38. You are certainly right,____ others may say. A. what B. whatever C.

that D. as

39.____ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever

40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.

A. when

B. where

C. whoever

D. whenever

41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.

A. Wherever

B. Whenever

C. Where

D. When

42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.

A. Once

B. At once

C. Only

D. Only then

43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.

A. No matter how

B. No matter what

C. No matter when

D. No matter where

44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.

A. so far as

B. so long as

C. as soon as

D. as

well as

45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.

A. as soon as

B. as long as

C. so far as

D. as

well as

46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.

A. as well as

B. so long as

C. as far as

D. as

soon as

47. That is not ____ I want. A. that B. why C. what D. whose

48. ___ he did it remains a secret. A. What B. Whom C. Which D.

How

49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us. A. what B. that C. why

D. how

50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose

51. I am sure ____ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which

D. who

52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.

A. why

B. that

C. where

D. /

53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.

A. why

B. when

C. which

D. what

54. We shall go ____ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since

55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there. A. while B. as C. when D. /

56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.

A. while

B. as

C. since

D. before

57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.

A. while

B. when .

C. as soon as

D. before

58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.

A. While

B. When

C. Since

D. After

59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.

A. when

B. since

C. as

D.

before

60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when

C. if

D. whether

61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.

A. for

B. unless

C. if

D. whether

62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.

A. for

B. as

C. if

D. whether

63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.

A. when

B. if

C. for

D. unless

64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when

65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest. A. where B. when C. that D.

after

66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.

A. where

B. and

C. wherever

D. so

67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.

A. If

B. Whether

C. But

D.

Though

68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.

A. If

B. Whether

C. When

D. While

69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.

A. even if

B. for

C. if

D. while

70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.

A. such... that

B. as...as

C. so...that

D. so … as

语法复习二十一：连词

1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC

26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC

51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

高中英语语法大全

（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

初中英语并列连词用法大集合

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