引进外资外文翻译资料
河南科技学院新科学院
2013届本科毕业生论文（设计）
英文文献及翻译
Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with
imperfect competition
学生姓名：王艳杰
所在院系：经济系
所学专业：国际经济与贸易
导师姓名：侯黎杰
完成时间：2013年4月15日
Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition Abstract:This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies relative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting foreign capital remains a sound policy for economies characterized by imperfect competition, scale economies,and regional unemployment. Keywords: International capital mobility; Imperfect competition; Welfare 1.Introduction
The welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in the presence of trade restrictions have been extensively studied. Brecher and Diaz Alejandro (1977) show that when imports are subject to tariffs, an introduction of fo reign capital inflows accentuates the tariff distortion and hence reduces national welfare if the import-competing sector is relatively capital-intensive. In contrast, Dei (1985) shows that when imports are restricted by quotas,foreign capital inflows in the presence of foreign-owned capital always improve welfare by depressing the rental and so lowering the payments to existing foreign-owned capital. Recently, Neary (1981), using a common framework for both tariffs and quotas, obtains more general results of foreign capital inflows; the welfare effect of such inflows depends crucially on whether foreign-owned capital exists initially in the home country. In addition, Khan (1982) and Grinols (1991) have examined the effects of foreign capital inflows for a generalized Harris-Todaro economy under tariff protection. Khan finds that the result by Brecher and Diaz Alejandro is still valid even in the presence of unemployment, whereas Grinols argues that increased foreign capital need not be detrimental to welfare if the opportunity costs of labor are sufficiently low.
Noteworthy is that the models used by these authors are all based upon the premise of perfect competition along with constant returns-to-scale technology. Although perfect competition serves as a useful assumption in crystallizing theoretical insights, it nevertheless fails to depict many of the real-world phenomena. The real-world economy is characterized, to a large extent, by imperfect competition and economies of scale. The policy implications of imperfect competition and economies
of scale have been examined in the recent literature (see, for example, Brander and Spencer (1985)), mostly dealing with developed economies.
Krueger (1984) in her survey points out that though market imperfections exist in developed nations, the imperfections are far more serious and pervasive in developing countries. Rodrik (1981), in an illuminating paper, reports that most developing nations have very high four-firm concentration ratios. He finds that a developing economy is typically characterized by (1) restricted entry in manufacturing partly because of the absence of serious antitrust policies;(2) high protection of the manufacturing sector by quotas rather than tariffs; and (3) imperfect home capital markets and, thus, sluggish movements of capital among sectors.
The purpose of the present paper is to develop a model to incorporate these key features of imperfect competition characterizing a developing economy. In addition to the above-mentioned features as noted by Rodrik, we also introduce in our framework sector-specific unemployment frequently observed in a developing nation. The model will then be utilized to examine the welfare implications of foreign capital inflows. It will be shown that foreign capital inflows in the presence of a given quota may be detrimental to welfare in the short run in which capital is sector-specific; the inflows, however, are in the long run necessarily welfare improving with inter sectoral capital mobility. Since perfect competition is a limiting case of imperfect competition modeled in this paper, Dei’s result regarding welfare-improving foreign capital can be viewed as a special case of the present analysis.
We construct a general-equilibrium model to capture the key salient features of imperfect competition for developing economies in Section 2. The resource-alloc- ational effects of foreign capital inflows in the presence of quantitative restrictions are examined in Section 3. The welfare impact of foreign capital inflows is discussed in Section 4. Section5 presents concluding remarks.
2. Concluding remarks
This paper has examined the effects of inflows of foreign capital on home resource allocation and welfare in a general-equilibrium framework. The home country is characterized by oligopolistic competition, scale economies, and regional unemployment. Although the welfare effect of foreign capital for the short run is somewhat indeterminate and is dependent on the magnitude of the effects of excess profits and scale economies (relative to the unemployment effect in manufacturing),
the inflows of foreign capital always improve welfare for such economies in the long run with capital mobility.
Our results, which stand in sharp contrast to those derived in the presence of tariffs (Beecher and Dial Alejandro, 1977), lend support to the finding of Deｉ(1985). Dei’s key result is generalized to economies with imperfect competition in the short run and imperfect competition, along with regional unemployment, in the long run.
The use of quasi linear preferences in this paper serves to focus on the price effect by suppressing the income effects on the demand for goods. It may be noted that when the income effects are presented in the model via more general preferences, the demand for goods would be further raised in the case of inter sectoral mobility of capital. Hence, foreign capital inflows would be more welfare-improving in the long run.
Bakra, R.N. and N. Naevi, 1987, Urban unemployment and the gains from trade, Economic 54, 381-3Y6.
Bela di, H., 1988, V ariable returns to scale, urban unemployment and welfare, Southern Economic Journal 55, 412-423.
Brander, J.A. and B.J. Spencer, 1985, Export subsidies and international market share rivalry, Journal of International Economics 18, X3-100.
Beecher, R.A. And C.F.Dial Alejandro 1977,Tariffs,foreign capital and immiserizing growth, Journal
译文：
外国资本流入和福利经济的不完全竞争
摘要：本文探讨了在寡头竞争和失业的一般均衡模型下，资源配置和外国资本流入的福利效益。虽然福利影响短期内是不确定的，而且它依赖于超额利润的强度并取决于制造业中失业人数的规模经济，从长远来看，额外的资本流入总是能提高国民福利与资本流动。因此，吸引外资对于具有不完全竞争、规模经济和区域失业特点的经济忍让是一个良好的政策。
关键词：国际资本流动；不完全竞争；福利
1、引言
在贸易限制领域，外国资本流入的福利效应已经被广泛研究。布雷赫尔和迪亚兹﹒亚历杭德罗（1977）表明，当进口受制于关税，外国资本流的引进加剧了关税失真，因此若果进口竞争部门是相对的资本密集型企业就会降低减少国家福利。相反，DEI（1985）表明，当进口受配额限制，外商独资领域的外国资本流入总是能通过压低租金来改善福利，因此也降低了给现有的外商独资资本的支付。最近，通过使用一个关税和配额的共同框架，尼尔瑞（1981）获得了更多外国资本的流入的一般结论；流入资本的这种福利效应很大程度上取决于外商独资资本最初在本国的福利效应。此外，柯汗（1982）和格里诺尔斯（1991）探讨了外国资本流入对一个广义的在关税保护下的哈里斯——托达罗经济的影响。柯汗发现布雷赫尔和迪亚兹﹒亚历杭德罗的结果即使在失业存在的情况下仍然是有效的，而格里诺尔斯认为，增加外国资本必须不损害福利，如果劳动力的机会成本足够低。
值得注意的是，这些作者所使用的模型都是基于完全竞争与规模报酬不变的前提。尽管完全竞争是具体的理论见解中的一个有用假设，但它无法描绘现实世界中的许多现象。真实经济的特点，在很大程度上，是不完全竞争和规模经济。对不完全竞争和规模经济的政策含义已经出现在最近的文献研究（见，例如，Brander和Spencer（1985）），主要是用来处理发达经济体。
克鲁格（1984）在她的调查种指出，尽管在发达国家存在市场缺陷，但这种缺陷在发展中国家更为严重和普遍。洛迪克（1981），在一篇启蒙论文中，报告说大多数发展中国家都有很高的四企业集中率。他认为，发展型经济体的典型特征是（1）限制制造业企业的进入部分原因是由于严重的反垄断政策的缺失；（2）通过配额而不是关税来加强制造业的保护；（3）不完善的国内资本市场，因此，部门间的资本流动缓慢。
本文的目的是建立一个模型，把这些表征发展型经济的不完全竞争特点融合在一起。除了上述洛迪克提出的特点，我们也将在我们的框架中介绍在发展中国
家观察到的特定行业的经常性失业。该模型然后会被用来研究外国资本流入的福利效益。它将表明，从短期来看，在一个给定配额的情况下特定行业的资本流入可能有损于福利；但是从长远来看，资本流入必然改善部门之间的资本流动。由于完全竞争是是本文中的不完全竞争的一种极限情况，DEI的关于改善福利的外资的研究结果可以被看做是目前分析情况下的一个特殊案例。
在第二部分我们构建了一个一般均衡模型来捕获发展型经济体关于不完全竞争的显著特征。第三节讨论了在数量限制情况下外国资本流入的资源配置效益。外国资本的流入对福利的影响在4节讨论。第五节提出结论性意见。
2、结束语
本文在一般均衡框架考察外国资本流入对国内资源的分配和福利的影响。本国的特点是寡头竞争，规模经济，以及地区性失业。虽然从短期来看外国资本流入的福利效益是不确定的，依赖于超额利润的影响和规模经济的效益（相对于制造业中的失业效应），从长期来看，外国资本流入总是能改善这种经济体资本流动的福利。
我们的研究结果，和那些起源于关税存在的观点形成鲜明对比（布雷赫尔和迪亚兹Alejandro，1977），支持ＤＥＥ的发现（1985）。DEI的关键结果短期内伴随着不完全竞争的广义经济，长期来看伴随着区域失业。
在本文中，准线性偏好的使用致力于通过抑制商品需求的收入效应而获得的价格效益。可以指出的是，当收入效益在模型中被通过更一般的喜好而展现出来，在跨部门资本流动情况下，商品需求将被更进一步的提高。因此，外国资本流入将更多的从长远来改善福利。
参考文献
[1]巴特拉，注册护士和N.纳克维，1999，城市失业和贸易，经济54的收益，381-3y6。
[2]Beladi，H.，1988，规模报酬可变，城市失业和福利，南方经济杂志55，412-423。
[3]布兰德，J.A.，B.J.斯宾塞，2003，出口补贴和国际市场份额的竞争，国际经济学杂志18，x3-100。
[4]布雷彻，迪亚兹Alejandro 1977，关税，外国资本和贫困化增长，杂志
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外文翻译
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要求：选择一篇和自己论文或者自己专业相关的外文进行翻译，英文字符数在6000-7000字符（注：可以继续按原文的一部分）。排版格式按照下文 公司的核心竞争力 原文来源：The Core Competence of the Corporation, Research Report on Harvard Business Review,1990 至少有三种检验方法可以用来确定公司的核心竞争力。首先，核心竞争力能够为公司进入多个市场提供方便。举例来说，显示器系统方面的核心竞争力能够使一家公司涉足计算器、微型电视机、手提电脑显示屏以及汽车仪表盘等广泛的业务领域，这就是卡西欧公司进军手持式电视机市场不足为奇的原因。第二，核心竞争力应当对最终产品为客户带来的可感知价值有重大贡献。显然，本田公司的发动机专长满足了这个条件。 最后一点，核心竞争力应当是竞争对手难以模仿的。如果核心竞争力是各项技术和生产技能的复杂的融合，那么这项能力就难以被竞争对手模仿。竞争对手或许能够获得核心竞争力中的几种技术，但是要复制其内部协调与学习的整体模式却非常困难。在20世纪60年代初期，JVC决定致力于录像带技术方面的核心竞争力，这个核心竞争力就通过了我们上述的三项检验。20世纪70年代末美国的RCA公司决心开发以唱针为基础的视频转动式系统，这个项目则不能通过上述三项检验。 。。。。。。。。。。。 The Core Competence of the Corporation The Core Competence of the Corporation Research Report on Harvard Business Review,1990 The distinction we observed in the way NEC and GTE conceived of themselves a portfolio of competencies versus a portfolio of businesses was repeated across many industries. From 1980 to 1988, Canon grew by 264%, Honda by 200%. Compare that with Xerox and Chrysler. And if Western managers were once anxious about the low cost and high quality of Japanese imports, they are now overwhelmed by the pace at which Japanese rivals are inventing new markets, creating new products, and enhancing them. Canon has given us personal copiers; Honda has moved from motorcycles to four wheel off road buggies. Sony developed the 8mm camcorder, Yamaha, the digital piano. Komatsu developed an underwater remote controlled bulldozer, while Casio's latest gambit is a small screen color LCD television. Who would have anticipated the evolution of these vanguard markets? In more established markets, the Japanese challenge has been just as disquieting. Japanese companies are generating a blizzard of features and functional enhancements that bring technological sophistication to everyday products. Japanese car producers have been pioneering four wheel steering, four valve-per cylinder engines, in car navigation systems, and sophisticated
土木外文翻译原文和译文
A convection-conduction model for analysis of the freeze-thaw conditions in the surrounding rock wall of a tunnel in permafrost regions Abstract Based on the analyses of fundamental meteorological and hydrogeological conditions at the site of a tunnel in the cold regions, a combined convection-conduction model for air flow in the tunnel and temperature field in the surrounding has been constructed. Using the model, the air temperature distribution in the Xiluoqi No. 2 Tunnel has been simulated numerically. The simulated results are in agreement with the data observed. Then, based on the in situ conditions of sir temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind force, hydrogeology and engineering geology, the air-temperature relationship between the temperature on the surface of the tunnel wall and the air temperature at the entry and exit of the tunnel has been obtained, and the freeze-thaw conditions at the Dabanshan Tunnel which is now under construction is predicted. Keywords: tunnel in cold regions, convective heat exchange and conduction, freeze-thaw. A number of highway and railway tunnels have been constructed in the permafrost regions and their neighboring areas in China. Since the hydrological and thermal conditions changed after a tunnel was excavated，the surrounding wall rock materials often froze, the frost heaving caused damage to the liner layers and seeping water froze into ice diamonds，which seriously interfered with the communication and transportation. Similar problems of the freezing damage in the tunnels also appeared in other countries like Russia, Norway and Japan .Hence it is urgent to predict the freeze-thaw conditions in the surrounding rock materials and provide a basis for the design，construction and
外文翻译--如何监测内部控制
附录A
附录B 如何监测内部控制 内部控制是任何组织有效运行的关键,董事会、执行长和内部审计人员都为实现这个企业的目标而工作;该内部控制系统是使这些团体确保那些目标的达成的一种手段。控制帮助一个企业有效率地运转。此外,运用一种有效的风险系统,风险可被降低到最小。同时,控制促进经营和与经营有关的信息的可靠性。全美反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织(COSO；1992) 在它发布的具有开创性的文件《内部控制整合框架》中,将内部控制定义为：企业风险管理是一个过程，受企业董事会、管理层和其他员工的影响，包括内部控制及其在战略和整个公司的应用，旨在为实现经营的效率和效果、财务报告的可靠性以及法规的遵循提供合理保证。该委员会还指出,一个的内部控制的系统包括五个要素。它们是：控制环境、风险评估、信息和沟通、控制活动、监控。 COSO的定义及五个要素已被证明确实对不同的团体,如董事会和首席执行官起到作用。这些群体对内部控制系统的监管以及系统设计与运行有责任。而且,内部审计人员已经发现COSO的指导是有用的。这群人员可能会被董事会或管理层要求去测试控制。COSO最近发布的一份讨论文件，指出五个要素监控,其中的五个要素的确定在1992 frame work COSO原本。中国发展简报的题为《内部控制-整合框架：内部控制体系监督指南》(COSO，2007)。在文件中,COSO 强调监控的重要性，以及这些信息常常被没有充分利用。 因为董事会、执行长,和内部审计人员都在一个公司的内部控制中扮演着重要角色，内部控制的各要素,包括监测,都对所有的团体有着非常重要的意义。同时,外审计人员对监测有兴趣。《萨班斯-奥克斯利法案》（2002）为外部审计师创建了一个新的监督体制。所有的五个要素,包括监测,必须加以考虑。另外,内部控制审计必须结合对财务报告的检查。在一体化审计之前，在首席执行官的领导下，也许也在内部审计活动的支持下的管理，评估了内控制体系的有效性。随后外部审计人员对控制出具意见。起监督角色的董事会，将阅读内部审计、管理层和首席执行官出具的报告。文件关于监测对每一个团体的指导起了帮助,因为他们分别为各自的角色而劳动。 第一，什么是监测。监测的组成可评估内部控制系统在过去一段时间发挥效用的质量。其对控制功能的评估有助于企业确定其控制在有效地运作中。在执行监测活动时，相关人员参与审查系统的设计及其运行效果。这种检查必须进行及时,目的是为了提供给企业最大的利益。管理层负责做出适当的行动以回应这些结果。当事人对内部控制有兴趣,可以充分依赖这个内部控制系统,如果合适的监
毕业设计外文翻译资料
外文出处： 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题： JDBC接口技术 译文： JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI（ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口）。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口，使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC，很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢？如果有，那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢？ ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中存取数据的，用C语言实现的，标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI，应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统（DBMS）中的数据，而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1．ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分：应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口：屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别，为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器：为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器：实现ODBC的函数调用，提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要，数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求，使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源：由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器，以便ODBC函数调用，但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用，并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时，数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时，数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求，对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译，并将结果返回给应用系统。 2．JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来，Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序，其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API，编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥，比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱，越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加，对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处，比如它并不容易使用，没有面向对象的特性等等，SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1．x 版本中，JDBC只是一个可选部件，到了JDK1．1公布时，SQL类包（也就是JDBCAPI）
3英文文献及翻译格式示例
哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文） 英文原文（原文也可以直接将PDF版打印） ASSESSING CREDIT OR DETERMINING QUANTITY? THE EVOLVING ROLE OF RATING AGENCIES Lynnette D. Purda* This version: April 21, 2011 Abstract Over the past ten years, credit rating agencies have come under intense criticism from both practitioners and academics, first for their failure to identify problems resulting in bankruptcies at Enron and Worldcom and second for providing overly optimistic ratings for structured finance products. While many investors question the value of rating agencies in light of these criticisms, they have proven remarkably resilient. This paper provides a brief background on how rating agencies secured competitive advantages in evaluating credit quality. It then reviews the empirical evidence on the information content of ratings given these advantages. I argue that the information content of ratings stems from two intertwined sources: 1) information related to credit quality and 2) information related to the firm’s ability to access debt. Based on this evidence, I suggest that the dominant role for ratings today is as a benchmark for financial contracting. In this way, ratings remain influential in establishing the supply and demand of debt securities. 译文 评级机构的发展的作用评估信用还是决定数量？ 本文：2011.4.21 摘要 在过去的十年，信用评级机构一直处于来自实践者和学者的激烈的批评中，首先他们未能发现问题，导致安然和世通破产；其次对结构性金融产品提供过于乐观的评级。虽然许多投资者因为这些批评对评级机构的价值提出了质疑，但他们仍然被证明是相当有活力的。这篇文章首先在评估机构如何在信用评级质量中获得竞争优势提供一个简单地背景介绍，然后考虑到这些优势回顾了一些信息内容方面的评级经验证据。个人认为信息内容的评级来自两种交织在一起（错综复杂）的来源：1）和信贷质量相关的信息；2)和公司获取债务资本能力相关的信息。以此为据，我建议当前评级的主导作用是作为基准的金融收缩。以这种方式，在建立债券的供应和需求方面评级仍然是有效的。 - -1
【最新推荐】应急法律外文文献翻译原文+译文
文献出处：Thronson P. Toward Comprehensive Reform of America’s Emergency Law Regime [J]. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 2013, 46(2). 原文 TOWARD COMPREHENSIVE REFORM OF AMERICA’S EMERGENCY LAW REGIME Patrick A. Thronson Unbenownst to most Americans, the United States is presently under thirty presidentially declared states of emergency. They confer vast powers on the Executive Branch, including the ability to financially incapacitate any person or organization in the United States, seize control of the nation’s communications infrastructure, mobilize military forces, expand the permissible size of the military without congressional authorization, and extend tours of duty without consent from service personnel. Declared states of emergency may also activate Presidential Emergency Action Documents and other continuity-of-government procedures, which confer powers on the President—such as the unilateral suspension of habeas corpus—that appear fundamentally opposed to the American constitutional order.
管理 审计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 内部控制爆X炸
外文出处：Maijoor S. The Internal Control Explosion[J]. International Journal of Auditing, 2000, 4(1):101–109. 内部控制爆炸① 摘要：Power的1997版书以审计社会为主题的探讨使得审计活动在联合王国（英国）和北美得到扩散。由审计爆炸一同带动的是内部控制制度的兴起。审计已经从审计结果转向审计制度和内部控制，它已内部控制爆炸然成为公众对公司治理和审计监管政策的辩论主题。Power表示对什么是有效的内部控制各方说法不一。本人对内部控制研究方面有一个合理的解释。内部控制对非常不同概念的各个领域的会计进行探究，并研究如何控制不同水平的组织。因此，内部控制研究的各类之间的交叉影响是有限的，而且，许多内部会计控制是研究是再更宽广的公司治理问题的背景下进行的。所以，许多有关内部控制制度对公司治理的价值观点扔需要进行研究。 关键词：机构理论；公司治理；外部审计；内部审计；内部控制制度；管理控制 1 概述 Power的1997版书以审计社会为主题的探讨使得审计活动在联合王国（英国）和北美得到扩散。由审计爆炸一同带动的是内部控制制度的兴起。审计已经从审计结果转向审计制度和内部控制，它已然成为公众对公司治理和审计监管政策的辩论主题。例如，在最近的对于欧洲联盟内外部审计服务的内部市场形成的辩论中，监管建议建立关于内部控制和内部审计制度。虽然对有关内部控制的价值期望高，但Power表示对什么是有效的内部控制各方说法不一。本人对内部控制研究方面有一个合理的解释。内部控制是对非常不同概念的各个领域的会计进行探究，并研究如何控制不同水平的组织。因此，内部控制研究的各类之间的交叉影响是有限的，而且，许多内部会计控制是研究是再更宽广的公司治理问题的背景下进行的。所以，许多有关内部控制制度对公司治理的价值观点扔需要进行研究。 在审计和公司治理的公共政策辩论中，内部控制的概念越来越得到重视。公共越来①Maastricht Accounting and Auditing Research and Education Center (MARC), Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands s.maijoor@marc.unimaas.nl Fax: 31-43-3884876 Tel: 31-43-3883783
引进外资外文翻译资料
河南科技学院新科学院 2013届本科毕业生论文（设计） 英文文献及翻译 Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition 学生姓名：王艳杰 所在院系：经济系 所学专业：国际经济与贸易 导师姓名：侯黎杰 完成时间：2013年4月15日
Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition Abstract:This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies relative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting foreign capital remains a sound policy for economies characterized by imperfect competition, scale economies,and regional unemployment. Keywords: International capital mobility; Imperfect competition; Welfare 1.Introduction The welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in the presence of trade restrictions have been extensively studied. Brecher and Diaz Alejandro (1977) show that when imports are subject to tariffs, an introduction of fo reign capital inflows accentuates the tariff distortion and hence reduces national welfare if the import-competing sector is relatively capital-intensive. In contrast, Dei (1985) shows that when imports are restricted by quotas,foreign capital inflows in the presence of foreign-owned capital always improve welfare by depressing the rental and so lowering the payments to existing foreign-owned capital. Recently, Neary (1981), using a common framework for both tariffs and quotas, obtains more general results of foreign capital inflows; the welfare effect of such inflows depends crucially on whether foreign-owned capital exists initially in the home country. In addition, Khan (1982) and Grinols (1991) have examined the effects of foreign capital inflows for a generalized Harris-Todaro economy under tariff protection. Khan finds that the result by Brecher and Diaz Alejandro is still valid even in the presence of unemployment, whereas Grinols argues that increased foreign capital need not be detrimental to welfare if the opportunity costs of labor are sufficiently low. Noteworthy is that the models used by these authors are all based upon the premise of perfect competition along with constant returns-to-scale technology. Although perfect competition serves as a useful assumption in crystallizing theoretical insights, it nevertheless fails to depict many of the real-world phenomena. The real-world economy is characterized, to a large extent, by imperfect competition and economies of scale. The policy implications of imperfect competition and economies