不定式用法讲解
高中英语语法讲解不定式
（The Infinitive）
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud.
A．
1
2 不定式的意义
不定式的一般式(to do )
一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor
He seemed to be tired.
She stopped to have a rest.
不定式的被动式 (to be done)
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.
The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.
I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents?
如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing）
They are said to be building another bridge across the street.
They seemed to be talking about something important.
When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.
I’m glad to be working with you.
如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.
He thought it a pity not to have invited us.
The assistant seemed to have been fired.
He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.
Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.
如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.
They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang.
We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
B. 用法：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (对等)
注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary (3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
*注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语，而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错）
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表语
主语是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,
不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三动词不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）
想要学习早打算（ want learn plan）
快准备有希望（ prepare hope wish expect）
同意否供选择（agree offer choose）
决定了已答应（decide be determined promise）
尽力去着手做（manage undertake）
别拒绝别假装（refuse pretend）
失败不是属于你（fail）
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
*注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
四．动词不定式做定语
1．. 不定式作定语需要后置。
2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着两种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词
是不定式的逻辑主语（逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）
1）不定式前的名词是它的逻辑主语。
He is the doctor to do the operation.
2) 不定式和它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have a lot of things to do.
3）不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象。
This is the right time to start.
注意．如果不定式所修饰的词是way 或 place, 介词可省略。
He has no way to go (by). This is the best place to work (at)
五．宾语补足语
He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.
[注1] 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有
see, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, make, let等。
I felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that?
但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。
He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
[注2] 1.谓语动词help后可接带to或不带to的不定式作宾补。用不带to的不定式表示
帮助者直接参与动作；用带to的不定式表示主语没有直接参与动作。
They helped me carry the boxes.
This kind of soap will help you to wash the clothes more easily.
2.在美式英语或非正式文体中，help后用作宾补的不定式均不带to。
3.help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。
They helped (to) carry the furniture upstairs.
[注3]look at及listen to后用作宾补的不定式不带to（这主要是美式英语）。
We have been listening to the radio tell a long story.
六．表语补足语当不定式与主语存在逻辑上动宾关系的时候，用主动表被动。
That is hard to say. The chair is comfortable to sit in.
七．不定式做状语
不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
1、表目的
e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best (主语一致) He came here to attend an important meeting.
He came here in order to see Charlie.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him
注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。
* 但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式可以是to, in order to ，但却不可以是so as to. ”,”To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
To get the best results, use clean water.
To be elected monitor of our class, he gave money to us.
* 放在句末时， to do 表示目的，不可有“，”若有用doing 表示伴随的目的
e.g. He bowed to us to thank us for helping him find the way.
He worked day and night, hoping to finish the work beforehand.
注：1. 不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 (主语一致)
e.g.He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
例外 e g He opened the door for the children to come in.
They sent a man to mend the window.
2、表结果
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型
①so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
②such (…) as to …
I’m not such a fool as to believe th at.
③adj./adv. + enough to …
The boy is old enough to go to school.
④too … to …
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
（5）only to find , only to be told 出乎意料之外的结果
3．原因不定式可以用于动词、形容词或-ed分词后表示原因。
He was too excited to get high marks.
八．同位语
Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?
九．独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don’t like you. They arrived here at 11:55 a.m., to be exact.
类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to hear him talk听他说话的口气，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等。
C
不定式的各种结构
1．宾格词 + 不定式
1）普通结构此结构中的宾格词为名词或代词的宾格，宾格词是谓语动词的宾语，同时又是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式和宾格词一起构成复合宾语。
I want Henry to come. She expects this to be true. I heard them sing yesterday.
2) “there to be + 宾格词”结构
此结构的宾格词仍是不定式的逻辑主语，只是它位于不定式to be 的后面。
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.
3) 各种形式的不定式都可以用于此种结构中。
The judge wanted the man to be punished.
He expected each of his students to be working hard for the coming exam.
2．主格词 + 不定式
当上一种结构变为被动语态时，就出现了此种结构，此结构中，不定式都要带to，主格词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在句中作主语补足语。
They are allowed to go. ← We allowed them to go.
He was seen to enter the store. ← I saw him enter the store.
3．for + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构中，宾格词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构在句中可作：
1）主语 It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.
2）宾语 I consider it necessary for her to learn French.
3）表语 The best thing is for us to make our own decision.
4）定语 There is a lot of work for us to do.
5）状语 He opened the door for the car to enter.
The book is too easy for them to read.
4．with/without + 宾格词 + 不定式
此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
With so much work to do, I shall not be able to watch the match with you.
Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.
5．疑问词 + 不定式此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：
1）主语 When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.
2）宾语 We must know how to operate this machine.
3）表语 The problem now is how to collect enough money.
4）同位语 The problem what to do next is unknown.
注意 intend, plan, hope, expect, mean, promise, want, think, wish, were (was), would like, should like + 不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。
He intended to h ave come. = He intended to come, but he didn’t.
She wished to have bought a car. = She wished to buy a car, but she didn’t.
I meant to have called on you, but I was too busy.
She hoped to have passed the exam. (but she didn’t)
I would like to have go ne abroad. (but I didn’t)
D
不定式的否定式
通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。
I told him not to touch the equipment. You must promise never to do that again.
E特殊动词不定式的“省略与保留”
一、不定式符号的省略与保留
1. 在had better, would rather, would rather...than, would sooner...than, cannot but, why (not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
You’d better tell her the truth. 你最好告诉她真相。
2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?
My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
妈妈只好等着医生的到来。
Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her. (本句中不定式符号to不可省略)
当时他毫无选择的余地,只好告诉她了。
3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)
他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系)
她让孩子待在那里等她回来。
4.在某些感官动词或使役动词(如 hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,
不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
They made that man work all the morning.
他们让那个人干了一个早晨。
That man was made to work all the morning.
那个人被要求干了一个早晨。
5. 不定式短语作表语,不定式符号to常常要保留,但当what引导的名词性从句作主语,或all, everything等后接定语从句作主语,从句谓语部分含有动词do或do的其他形式时,作表语的不定式可以保留也可省略不定式符号to。如:
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
The only thing I can do now is (to)go on by myself.
我现在唯一能做的就是靠自己继续进行下去。
二、不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留
1. 为了避免重复,在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, want, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上
文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。如:
Ms King lied to us because she had to.
金女士跟我们撒了谎,因为她不得不这样做。
－I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday.
我听说你要去大连度假。
－I planned to, but I have some important business to deal with.
我原计划去的,但有重要的事情要处理。
2.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。如:
She wants to co me but her parents won’t allow her to.
她想来,但她的父母不允许。
If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.
如果他不想去那里,别强迫他。
He didn’t come, though we had invited him to.
虽然我们邀请了他,但他没来。
－Did your husband give up smoking?
你丈夫戒烟了吗?
－No. He was advised to, but he wouldn’t listen.
没有。有人劝过他,但他就是不听。
3. 在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:
－Aren’t you the headmaster?
你难道不是校长吗?
－No, and I don’t want to be.
我不是,而且我也不想当。
－Hasn’t he finished writing the report?
难道他还没写完报告吗?
－No, but he ought to have.
是的,但他本来应该写完。
F
常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：
一.
It takes sb. some time （money）to do sth.
某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。
2. It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.
上周我花了10元买那本书。
3. How long will it take them to finish the work?
完成那项工作需要花费他们多少时间？
在使用该句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对此提问用how long。
例：It takes us more than two hours to do our homework every day.
It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday.
It will take us more than two hours to do our homework tomorrow.
How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?
二. It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了，同义句为：
It’s time for sth. / doing sth. 例：
It’s time to go to school. 该上学了。
（It’s time for school.）
It’s time to get up. 该起床了。
（It’s time for getting up.）
此句可以扩展为：It’s time for sb. to do sth.
是某人做某事的时间了。
for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s time for me to work.
到我工作的时间了。
It’s time for you to go to school.
到你们上学的时间了。
三. 主语＋be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.
（某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例：
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这个孩子到了上学年龄。
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.
我够高能够到树顶。
*1. 此句是肯定句时，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句）来替换。
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.
2. 此句是否定句式时，既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：
He is not old enough to go to work.
他太小不能去上班。
He is so young that he can’t go to work.
He is too young to go to work. 再如：
The box is not light enough for me to carry.
这个箱子太重我搬不动。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
四. sb. +be ready + to do sth. （某人乐意做某事）
He is always ready to help others.
（他总是乐于帮助别人）
I’m always ready to make new friends.
我总是乐于结交新朋友。
五. It’s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事…例：
It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.
对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。
It’s good for us to take more exercise.
对我们来说多运动是有益的。
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你真好，肯帮我。
该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for. 常见这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。
It’s wrong of you to do it.
你做这件事是错的。
It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.
对你来说做律师很困难。
六. 主+would like / love to do sth. …喜欢（想做某事）
I’d like to go there with you.
我很想和你一起去那。
I’d love I like to he lp you study English.
我很愿意帮你学英语。
此句式还可以扩展为：
would like / love sb. to do sth.
“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”
I’d like you to stay here.
我想让你留在这。
I’d like them to help me.
我想让他们帮助我。
七. had better do sth. （…最好做…）
It’s very cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.
外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣。
We’d better go right now.
我们最好马上去。
…had better do 的否定式为…had better not do. （在better后加not即可）例：You’d better not speak when your mouth is full of food.
满嘴食物时你最好别讲话。
八. Why don’t you +动词原形+…？（Why not＋动词原形…？）你为什么不…？
这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？
This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier?
It’s warm here, why don’t you take off your coat?
这很暖和，你为什么不脱掉外衣？
There is a seat, why not sit down?
还有座位，怎么不坐下？
九. Would / Will / Could you please ＋动词原形＋…？
请你…好吗？（用来请求对方为自己做某件事）
Would you please bring some water with you?
请你带点水来好吗？
Will you please help her with her maths?
请你帮她学数学好吗？
十. …prefer …to do sth. rather than do sth. …宁愿…也不愿…
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.
她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。
十一. It’s one’s turn to do sth.
该轮到谁做某事了。
one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：
It’s my turn to be on duty.
该轮到我值日了。
It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.
该轮到李平擦黑板了。
It’s our turn to do the cleaning.
该轮到我们做扫除了。
It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.
该轮到Danny做报告了。
十二. 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do sth. …做某事如何。例：
I’m sorry to hear that.
听到这事很难过。
I’m glad to see you again.
再次见到你我很高兴
G
1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
A. don’t
B. not
C. will not
D. not to
2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
A. not to have
B. not to take
C. di dn’t take
D. not to make
3. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke
B. speaks
C. speak
12. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made ______by his little sister.
A. cry；to cry
B. crying；crying
C. cry；cry
D. to cry；cry
13. He was made _________.
A. go
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He alwa ys works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _______ to buy.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose what
D. to choose which
18. “ Have you decided when ________?”
“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving
19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. either
D. if he will
21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
22. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with
B. make friends of
C. make friends
D. make friends with
27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
30. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over
B. to think over
C. of thinking
31. He was too excited _________.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing
B. to do
C. do
D. to be doing
34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride； ride
B. riding； ride
C. ride； to ride
D. to ride； riding
35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to
B. had better
C. would better
D. would better to
36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sit
D. be sat on
37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. for eating
38. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
A. except look
B. but to look
C. except to look
D. but looking
40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend
B. spare
C. save
D. share
41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. treated
D. be treated
42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a ve ry difficult one.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired； learned
B. tiring； learning
C. to tire； to learn
D. tired； to learn
45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it
B. to find it
C. finding it
D. by finding it
46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to bring
D. bringing
47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch
B. to eat
C. to eat at
D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked
B. to have discussed
C. having been discussed
D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken
B. taking
C. to take
D. to have taken
50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.
A. read； watch
B. to read； watch
C. reading； to watch
D. to read； to watch
51.______in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut．A．To make high scores B．Making high scores
C．To make low goal D．Making low goal
[参考答案]
1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 CADAB 16-20 BBAAA
21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA 31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB
41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDBA
解析：
1．tell sb. not to do sth告诉某人不做某事
2．take sth for granted “把某事想当然”，是一个固定词组。Eg. You shouldn’t take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。
4. 不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达，如:…but his mother told him not to do so.
5. warn sb not to do sth. 此处用never替代not.
8. allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；risk doing sth冒险做某事
9. see sb do sth看见某人做某事
12. make sb do 让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。
16．which 用于有范围中的“哪一个”，此处作buy的宾语。
18．when +to do 做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。
21. pretend to do 假装做某事。
22．forget to do sth忘记（要）做某事。
24．s hould love to be taken to …愿意被带去……
25．因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……
27. go on to do sth. 继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise 断定。
28．stop to do sth. 停下来（去）做……
32．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。
33. would rather not do sth. 宁愿不做某事。
34. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做……不愿做……
37．to eat 此处作something 的定语。for+doing多表用途。
38. why not do sth…“为什么不……” ；try doing sth试一试
39．Do nothing but do sth, 此处用except替代but
40. spare sb. sth匀出、腾出……，宾语为sb.； share分享，宾语为sth.
41. let sb do, 此处用的是被动语态
42． get sth. done让某事被做
44．tired此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。
45．此处的to find it, 表示目的
47. to eat at the restaurant, 介词at不能丢
48. 此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。
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动词不定式的用法荟萃
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inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) ＋不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.
不定式用法讲解
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法讲解 1、构成及特征 动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，它有两种形式：一种是“to + 动词原形”构成（to- infinitive）；另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行为动词都有不定式形式，其否定式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点：（1）可以有时式和语态的变化，也可以有自己的宾语或状语，它们一起构成了不定式短语。He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语） The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。（有语态的变化） （2）动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。 He wants to study English.他想学英语。（to study English在句中作want的宾语，而to study又有自己的宾语English, to study和English一起构成了不定式短语。）Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。（不定式作主语） 注意：不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句；作宾语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句；作定语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句；作目的状语时，相当于so that 或in order that引导的目的状语从句。 It is right for her to say so.(= It is right that she should say so.)她这样说是对的。 He has a lot of work to do.(=…that he should do)他有很多工作要做。 I don’t know where to get the ticket.(= …where I could get the ticket.)我不知道哪
动词不定式用法及练习题-L105
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s g ood for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 “to do”动词不定式的变形 动词不定式的用法 充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = 充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. 充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） 充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果） 充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）
(完整版)动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下：动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如： I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
如： Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如： You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省
动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式，它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是：not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。如：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意：不定式之前的to（又称为小品词）与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格，或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语；而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用，一般可归类为三种基本用法：作名词，作形容词，作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用，在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语
名词用法的不定式和名词一样，可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意：在It is… to…‖的句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；使用这种结构，可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数，所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外，不定式作主语的句子，同时有另外一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成―It is… to…‖的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为：It is to believe to see. 2.作表语
动词不定式用法讲解和练习
动词不定式用法 一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。 例如：to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花 to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话 不定式省to有四种情况： 1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。 例如：Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。 例如：You had better stay at home. 3、Why…/Why not…后。 例如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 4.感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice等后作宾语补足语，省to。例如：I saw him dance. 注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to. 例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night. 二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 例如：The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. How to make requests politely is important. 2、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常用在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后，构成系表结构。说明主语的内容、性质、特征。 例如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. She seem to be well-known. 3、用作宾语 ○1. 用作宾语的动词不定式，常用在动词ask, choose, agree，expect, hope, decide, learn，prefer, know，wish, want, would like / love等及物动词之后，构成动宾短语。 例如：We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. He prefers to eat white bread and rice. I’d love to visit Mexico. ○2.动词feel, find, make, think, believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是：主语＋feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。例如：I find it difficult to remember everything. ○3.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有begin, start, like, love 等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作的全过程，v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但这种区别并不很严格，特别是美式英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。例如：Then I started to watch English-language TV. I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. （begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。） ○4.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。例如：When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me. I stopped using them last year. ○5后只接v-ing作宾语的一些常用特殊动词：give up, enjoy, practise, finish, mind等。 例如：Would you mind opening the window? 4、用作定语 用作定语的动词不定式一般都位于被修饰的名词之后。 例如：I have so much homework to do today. I cant think of any good advice to give her.
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法(2)(最新整理)
动词不定式（the infinitive）的基本用法 动词不定式 1. “not/never to do / not do”. 2. 基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。 一、不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语 eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school. 不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。 e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well. ★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for + 名词或代词宾格”构成, 即： 跟踪练习 1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers. 2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) ________ ________ English well ______ very important. 4. It’s important _______ Chinese well. A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learns 2. 作表语 eg：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等，可与系动词构成系表结构。 eg：Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school. My job is to clean the streets. 跟踪练习 1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day. 2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor. 3. 作宾语 eg：The driver offered to help the patient. 有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有：agree,