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中考英语语法点整理

中考英语语法点整理
中考英语语法点整理

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录

第1讲:名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲:代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲:形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲:副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲:动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲:不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲:连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲:时态(一) (22)

第10讲:时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲:被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲:句子种类(一) (30)

第13讲:句子种类(二)............................................................................30-32 第14讲:宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲:状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲:就近原则........................................................................................35-36

第1讲:名词

名词(Noun,简称n.),是词类的一种,属于,名词表示人、事物、地点或概念的名称,名词同时也分为专有名词和普通名词。

普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es,不规则变化一般有下列几种:

a. class, box, watch, brush等词以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;

b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;

c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;

d. 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。

e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。

注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;

f. deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。

注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。

名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

a. man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers,women teachers。

b. 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。

名词所有格:

表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。

还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。

练习:

一、名词单复数

1.(2015湖南永州)Do you know how many _____ you have ?

A.tooths

B.toothes

C.teeth

2.(2015贵州安顺) Here are some_____________. Do you like ____________?

A. oranges; them

B. orange; it

C. oranges; they

D. oranges; their

3.(2015湖南娄底) —Would you like some _______for dinner?

—OK.

A. tomatos

B. tomato

C. tomatoes

4.(2015甘肃兰州) I paid ¥10 for ______this morning.

A. 4 bottle milks

B. 4 bottles of milk

C.4 bottles of milks

D.4 milk

5.(2015湖北黄石)—I’m told your class has three new comers.

—Yes. One is a _______, the other two are ______.

A.Japan, Germany

B.Japanese, German

C.Japanese, Germans

D.Japanese, Germen

6.(2015贵州遵义)—Can I help you, Madam?

—I want ______.

A.two boxes of apple

B.two glass of water

C.two bowls of porridge.

二、名词所有格

1.(2015黑龙江龙东)—Whose room is this? Is it the______?

—Yes, it is ______.

A. twins'; Tom and Tim's

B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's

C. twins'; Tom and Tim

2.(2015湖南郴州)—_________is coming. What can I get for my mother?

— What about a scarf?

A. Women’s Day

B. Woman’s Day

C. Womens’ Day

3. (2015广东佛山)Tines magazine says that smart Lego has become one of ______favorite toys.

A.child

B.children

C.children’s

4.(2015山东临沂)I live near the station, It’s only about five ________ walk.

A. minute’s

B. minute

C. minutes’

D. minutes

三、根据句意选名词

1.(2015福建安溪) — How is the _______ in Quangzhou ?

— It’s getting worse and worse. There are always long lines of cars on roads.

A. culture

B. food

C.traffic

2.(2015山东德州)The New York Times a popular daily _______.

A.dictionary

B.magazine

C.newspaper

D.guidebook

3.(2015重庆A卷)Dave really likes driving. I think being a ______is just right for him .

A. doctor

B. teacher

C. farmer

D. driver

4.(2015重庆B卷)The ______ of Chongqing is really hot, but we still like living here.

A. spring

B. summer

C. autumn

D. winter

5.(2015山东滨州)—I think dragons are the ______ of China. Do you think so ?

—I agree with you.

A. symbol

B. situation

C. promise

D. Shape

6.(2015安徽)—How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games?

—Why not search the Internet?

A. information

B. experience

C. practice

D. success

7.(2015成都)She says her favorite is English.

A.color B.sports C.subject

8.(2015山东菏泽)I’m new here. I often get lost and can’t find my _____.

A.ticket

B.way

C.purse

9.(2015浙江温州)Annie has a _______, and she is going to see her dentist today.

A.cold

B.fever

C.cough

D.toothache

10.(2015山东德州)The Chinese saying ”A tree ca n’t make a forest” tell us that is

very important in a football match.

A. ability

B. decision

C. teamwork

D. experience

11.(2015扬州)—Finding information is not a big deal today.

—Well, the _____is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.

A. courage

B.message

C. challenge

D. knowledge

12.(2015江苏泰州)—I’m tired out these days.

—Well, you’d better keep a _____between work and play

A. promise

B. diary

C. balance

D.secret

第2讲:代词

代词(pronoun),是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:、、、、、、、和九种。

分类例词

人称代词主格:I我you你he他she她they他们we我们

宾格:me我you你him他her她them他们us我们

物主代词my我的his他的your你的(your你们的)their他们的her她的

指示代词this这that那these这些those 那些

反身代词myself我自己himself他自己themselves他们自己yourself你(们)自己

疑问代词who谁what什么which哪个

不定代词some一些many许多both两个;两个都

关系代词which……的物who……的人that……的人或物who谁that引导定语从句

相互代词each other 互相one another互相

连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever

替代词one(单数),ones(复数)用于替代前面出现的同类事物

反身代词表

some, any的用法:我们都知道some用于肯定句中,而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。

注意:在Would youlike some coffee?(要来点咖啡吗?)这样的肯定疑问句中,说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时,用some而不用any。

every 和each的用法:every 强调全体的概念,指三个以上的人或物(含三个),不可单独使用;each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个),可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.(我们学校的学生都很用功。)Each student may have one book.. (每个学生都可有一本书。)both, either, neither的用法:

both意为“两者全都”,与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”,neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”,与单数连用。如:Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。You may take either with you。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neither is correct。两个都不对。

Few,a few和little,a little的用法:

Few,a few用来代替和修饰可数名词,little,a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little

着重肯定意思,相当于汉语“有几个”,“有一点儿”;few和little 着重否定意思,相当于汉语“没有几个”,“没有多少”

练习:

1. (2015济宁)Uncle Tom will come to visit _____ next Saturday.

A.we

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1c5214571.html,

C.our

D.ours

2. (2015天津)I don’t like _____ watch. I like _____.

A. me; your

B. my; your

C. me; yours

D. my; yours

3. (2015长沙)—Rose, could you please water the flowers in the garden?

—Why _____? You see, my brother is listening to music.

A. me

B. I

C. mine

4.(2015娄底)—Is this your schoolbag?

—No, it isn’t. _____ is under the desk.

A. My

B. Mine

C. Me

5. (2015福州)—Jane, is this your umbrella?

—No, it’s not _________. I didn’t take one this morning.

A. me

B. my

C. mine

6.(2015福州)—What would you like, tea or coffee?

—_____, thanks. I just prefer a glass of water.

A. Both

B. Neither

C. Either

解析:both两者都...,neither两者都不;either其中任意一者

7.(2015克拉玛依)—Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or the movie star Liu Dehua?

—________. I am not their fan.

A. Both

B. Either

C. Neither

D. All

8.(2015泰安)My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers

on _____ sides of the road.

A. all

B. both

C. neither

D. either

9.(2015江西)Our teacher was very happy because _____ failed the examination.

A. somebody

B. nobody

C. anybody

D. everybody

10.(2015广州)Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have _____ time left.

A. few

B. a few

C. little

D. a little

解析:little表示否定,这里说没时间了。Few表肯定,还有时间。

11.(2015长沙)There is _____ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.

A. anything

B. something

C. nothing

12.(2015广东)—Look at this model ship. I made it all by__________last week.

—Wow, you are so smart!

A. me

B. my

C. mine

D. myself

13.(2015四川)There are enough cups for each visitor to have________.

A. one

B. it

C. this

D. That

解析:one强调数量,只用于可数名词单数,复数要用ones, 如:某东西很好,I want to buy one. That 可指可数名词单数,也可指不可数名词,复数用those. 本题强调数量,有足够的杯子,每名游客都可以来一杯。

14.(2015广西)—What’s your QQ number?

—___________is 355994127.

A. I

B. He

C. It

D. They

15.(2015江苏)Your home town is really nice! The air quality is as good as______of Sanya.

A. it

B. one

C. that

D. the one

解析:one强调数量,只用于可数名词单数,复数要用ones, 如:某东西很好,I want to buy one. That 可指可数名词单数,也可指不可数名词,复数用those.

第3讲:形容词

形容词(Adjective),很多语言中均有的主要中的一种。形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的、、或,常用作定语,也可作、或。

形容词修饰名词、be动词、系动词。

a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作

定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。

There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在something 的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的,但当形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时,形容词要后置。

形容词和副词级别问题:

1.比较级

在形容词或前加more(如more natural,more clearly )或加后缀-er(newer,sooner )。

a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的句子用…times +形容词比较级+than … 这样的格式。你记住了吗?

b. I'm three years older than you.(我比你大三岁。)表示"大三岁,""高二厘米"等时用"表示数量词的词+比较级"。

c."越来越……"用"比较级+and +比较级"来表示。如:The earth is getting warmer and warmer。(地球变得越来越暖和。)

d."越……就越……"用"the +比较级…,the+比较级…"来表示。如:The busier he is,the happier he feels。(他越忙,越觉得高兴。)

最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的:alone 和lonely:I feel lonely, because I am alone at home. 你独自一人在家用

"alone" 表示"单独的"、"独自一人的",它表示一个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞,用"lonely",表示主观上感到"孤独""寂寞",指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表语。

older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder brother.杰克比我大要用"older",表示"年纪大的,年老的",常用做表语;他是我的长兄用"elder",表示"年老的,年长的",用做定语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。

2. 最高级:一般在形容词或前加most(如most important,more beautiful )或加后缀-est(newest, fastest )。

最高级表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级。的最高级前面要加the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。在含有最高级的句子中,常有一个in/of短语来表示比较范围。

练习:

【2015云南】70.The overseas Chinese in Yeman got __excited__when they saw Chinese

soldiers coming to their help.((excite)

【2015云南曲靖】76.Life is lke the weather.Sometimes it rains but most of the time we have

_sunny___ (sun) days.

【2015黑龙江牡丹江】72.Tony is an understanding boy. He can always bring us

__warmth__ (温暖)and pleasure.

【2015黑龙江牡丹江】73.I like ____smooth____(悦耳)music that helps me relax after

long work.

【2015四川宜宾】69. After some exercise, she looks much __ thinner___(瘦的)than before.

【2015山东临沂】62. The larger library you have in your head, the longer

(long)it usually takes to find a particular(特定的)word.

【2015江苏宿迁】56.Shanghai is __larger__(large ) than any other city in China.

【2015云南昆明】25.The best in life are ___ , such as the clean air and sunshine we have in

Yunnan.

A.free

B.old

C. expensive

D. new

【2015张家界】26. The car is ______. It needs washing.

A. clean

B. dirty

C. old

【2015广东广州】22. The boy looked ______ because he didn’t pass his maths exam.

A. sad

B. sadness

C. saddest

D. sadly

【2015贵州贵阳】40.Tina doesn’t like the restaurant because the music there makes her ____.

A.sleeping

B.slept

C.sleepy

【2015江苏苏州】13. In North America, meat eaters are bears and mountain lions.

They eat smaller animals such as rabbits and mice.

A. smallest

B. the smallest

C. largest

D. the largest

【2015重庆B卷】27.Ma Yun, head of Alibaba, is one of ___ person in the world.

A.rich

B.richer

C.richest

D. the richest

【2015湖南株洲】28.He likes Sunday ____ in a week because it is his happiest time to play

football.

A.better

B.well

C.best

【2015江苏南通】2.—I hear it’s not easy to get a ticket for Fa n & Furious 7.

—Exactly. The film is the ____ one this year.

A.less exciting

B.more exciting

C.most exciting

D. Least exciting

【2015黑龙江黑河】18.—What about doing ____ for the homeless people?

— Good idea!

A.anything helpful

B.something helpful

C.helpful something.

【2015湖南郴州】25. —Is there_________ in today’s newspaper?

— Yes. A terrible accident happened in Hubei.

A. special something

B. anything special

C. something special

【2015贵州铜仁】26.—Come here, I’ll tell you _______ about your study.

—OK, we’re coming.

A.anything important

B. something important

C. important anything

D. important something

【2015江苏盐城】9. Audrey Hepburn, one of the greatest actresses, was ___ to take on

challenges in her life.

A. enough brave

B. brave enough

C. stupid enough

D. enough stupid

【2015贵州遵义】27.No way! I don’t think ___ should be allowed to drive. I am worried

about your safety.

A.fifteen years old

B.fifteen-year-olds

C.fifteen -years-old

【2015贵州黔西南】13.A ___ woman was saved from the ship on June 2nd ,2015

A.65 years old

B.65-year-olds

C. 65-year-old

D. 65-years-old

【2015湖北孝感】25. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ____ English

Training.

A. two-month

B. two-months

C. two months

D. two month

第4讲:副词

副词(Adverb)是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰、、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为:时间副词、、、方式副词、、、、、表顺序的副词。

副词修饰动词、形容词、另一个副词或整个句子。

一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly ,

lovely 虽然以ly 结尾,但实则是形容词,She is friendly to me (她对我很友好。)

时间频率副词

now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already(已经),generally(一般地),frequently(频繁),seldom(很少地),ever,never,yet,soon,too,immediately(立即),finally,shortly(很快),before,ago,sometimes,yesterday. once,twice,

lately,recently,personally,today……yet

地点副词

here,there,everywhere,anywhere,somewhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,up,down,back,forward(向前地),home,

upstairs(楼上地),downstairs,across,along,round ,around,

near,off,past,up,away,on.……

方式副词

carefully,properly(适当地),anxiously(焦虑地),suddenly,normally(正常地),

fast,well,calmly(冷静地),politely(有礼貌地),proudly(自豪地),softly,

warmly ,slowly,badly,hard,bravely……

程度副词

much,little,very,rather(相当),so,too,still,quite,perfectly(完美地),

enough,extremely(非常),entirely(整个),almost,slightly(细小地),hardly.……

疑问副词

how,when,where,why……

关系副词

when,where,why……

连接副词

therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),

then,when ,where,how,why……

表顺序的副词

first,then,next,finally,afterwards,primarily……

完成时的副词

already,ever,just,never,since,yet,recently……

练习:

【2015云南】67.The little girl is running ager a butterfly __happily__ in the garden.(happy) 【2015云南曲靖】78.Job said, “ Don’t try to do th ings best, try to do things __differently

_(different)

【2015贵州六盘水】2. At present, Chinese is widely(wide) used around the world.

【2015贵州毕节】67.___Luckily___(幸运地),nobody was hurt in the accident.

【2015贵州遵义】83.The boy’s dad was __completely__ (complete) shocked when he saw that

his son was playing with fire.

【2015广东佛山】22.Meals are very boring . He ___ has the same thing to eat every day.

A.never

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1c5214571.html,ually

C.sometimes

【2015广东汕尾】43. — Peter, you got to school by taxi?

—Oh, I ____ take a taxi to school, but my bike needs repairing today.

A. usually

B. sometimes

C. never D .seldom 【2015广西玉林】33.Lucy likes staying at home .She ____ goes traveling during holidays.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1c5214571.html,ually

B.seldom

C.always

D.often

【2015山东青岛】5.—How is Susan?

—Oh, I ____ see her because she lives abroad.

A. always

B. often

C. almost

D. Hardly 【2015甘肃白银武威】51.—How is your old friend Kate?

—Oh, she’s moved to another city, so I’ve ___ ever seen her since then.

A.clearly

B.simply

C.nearly

D.hardly 【2015重庆B卷】29.I could ___ hear what you said just now. Could you please say that again?

A.sometimes

B.always

C. Hardly

D.cleanly 【2015天津】34. I ______ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school.

A. never

B. hardly

C. seldom

D. usually 【2015云南】29.— Can you speak Chinese,Steve?

— Yes,only ____ . I have been in China for only one month.

A.few

B.a few

C.little

D. a little

【2015山西】22. Running Man, is a popular show these days. Some well-known stars

challenge themselves to finish all kinds of tasks in it.

A. luckily

B. bravely

C. easily

【2015河北】33. The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is _________ worth seeing again.

A. mainly

B. really

C. possibly

D. hardly 【2015海南】38.It’s raining_____outside. You’d better not go out.

A.heavily

B. hardly

C. nearly

【2015湖北黄石】35.I have got used to the life here, and I live as ___ as before.

A.happy

B.happily

C.more happily

D.less happy 【2015江西南昌】33. —I lost my ticket,but______the travel agent gave me another one.

A.actually

B.firstly

C.luckily

D.exactly 【2015浙江温州】5.I fell off the bike on my way to school. _______,I wasn’t hurt.

A.Luckily

B.Suddenly

C.Politely

D.Recently 【2015四川南充】26.Roy thinks he works as ____ as his friend, Dan.

A.hardly

B.harder

C.hard

D.more hardly 【2015贵州六盘水】31.Write it possible and try not to make nay mistakes.

A.as careful as

B.as carefully as

C.more careful

D.less careful 【2015湖南永州】18.I get up ___ than he every day.

A.early

B.earlier

C.earliest

【2015吉林长春】14.Su Bingtian broke the record. He runs ___ than anyone else in Asia.

A.fast

B.faster

C.fastest

D.the fastest

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中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录 第1讲:名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲:代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲:形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲:副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲:动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲:不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲:连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲:时态(一) (22) 第10讲:时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲:被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲:句子种类(一) (30) 第13讲:句子种类(二)............................................................................30-32 第14讲:宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲:状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲:就近原则........................................................................................35-36

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