文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 张道真初中英语语法之16简单句

张道真初中英语语法之16简单句

张道真初中英语语法之16简单句
张道真初中英语语法之16简单句

简单句

担纲指导张道真

执行主编席玉虎

编著黄玉霞

孙晓芳

山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社

2013年6月第2版2014年3月第5次印刷

出版人雷俊林

出版策划苗补坤

责任编辑潘峰

ISBN 978-7-5440-6449-1

学习探讨英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf

语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗???

不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们

就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。

对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语

言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:

第一 可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从

头摸索。

第二 可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而

且可以知其所以然。

第三 可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量

一句话是否正确。

第四 语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。

丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?

我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:

第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念

搞清,牢记在心。

第二 要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,

练习要着重说和写。

第三 学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的

单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。

第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,

进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。

第五 将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,

像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。

第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定

水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的

流利性。

最后 可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有

点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

张道真初中英语语法之·简单句

目 录

A 简单句的基本句型

[1] 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)

[2] 主语+不及物动词(S+V)

[3] 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)

[4] 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

[5] 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)

B

陈述句 C 疑问句

[1] 一般疑问句

[2] 特殊疑问句

[3] 选择疑问句

[4] 反意疑问句

[5] 反意疑问句的用法

D 祈使句

[1] 无主语的祈使句

[2] 有主语的祈使句

[3] let 引导的祈使句

E 感叹句

[1] what 引导的感叹句

[2] how 引导的感叹句

学以致用

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

Unit 16 简 单 句

话说简单句

简单句是由单一的独立句子构成,只包含一个主谓结构,句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语表示的。如:

[一个主语,一个谓语动词]

I study English. 我学英语。

[一个主语,并列的两个谓语动词]

My mother is a teacher and works in a school near my home.

我母亲是教师,在我家附近一所学校教书。

[并列的两个主语和并列的两个谓语动词]

Tom and John are good friends and always help each other.

汤姆和约翰是好朋友,总是互相帮助。

A 简单句的基本句型

由于动词有五个不同种类,因而构成了五种不同的基本句型。

1. 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P )

连系动词后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 The bike is black. 这自行车是黑色的。

主 谓(连系动词) 表

She looks very young. 她看上去很年轻。

主 谓(连系动词) 表

注意

下列动词在表示状态的存在和变化时,也可以作连系动词使用:look (看起来);smell (闻起来);sound (听起来);taste (尝起来);feel (感觉);keep (保存);grow / go / get / turn (变得)。

2. 主语+不及物动词(S+V )

该句型所用的动词都是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。

The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。

主 谓(不及物) 状

3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O )

该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、短语及从句。如:

[名词作宾语]

We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。

主 谓(及物) 宾

[代词作宾语]

She stopped him. 她拦住了他。

主 谓(及物) 宾

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

[动名词作宾语]

Children like playing with snow. 孩子们喜欢玩雪。

主 谓(及物) 宾

[动词不定式作宾语]

They would like to watch TV. 他们想看电视。

主 谓(及物) 宾

注意

一些不及物动词之后加介词就具有及物动词的功能。这一类词组有:listen to ,look at ,look after ,turn on ,turn off ,look for ,live on ,put on ,hand in ,pick up ,belong to ,arrive at / in 等。如:

May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗?

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?

4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO )

有些及物动词需要两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语。间接宾语通常指人,直接宾语通常指物。有时为了加重语气,或使意义更为明白,也可以把间接宾语移到直接宾语的后面去,不过要在间接宾语前加上介词to ,for ,of 等,构成介词短语,使其失去宾语的性质。如: She showed her classmates all the pictures. 她把所有的照片给她的同学们看。 主 谓 宾(间接) 宾(直接)

He gave us a lot of help. 他给予了我们许多帮助。

主 谓 宾(间接) 宾(直接)

间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面,但有时为了强调,使间接宾语位于直接宾语之后,这时要在间接宾语前加to 或for 。如:

I will bring the book to you next time.

主 谓 宾(直接) 宾(间接)

(=I will bring you the book next time.) 我下次把那本书给你带来。

She sang several songs for them.

主 谓 宾(直接 宾(间接)

(=She sang them several songs.) 她为他们唱了几首歌。

可以接双宾语的动词一般都含有授予东西、告知事情、提供服务,以及施行恩惠等意义,如: give ,bring ,teach ,show ,ask ,send ,make ,lend ,borrow ,tell ,buy ,read ,write ,pass ,pay ,choose ,find ,leave 等。

带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的语法现象,基本句型是:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式,如:

She told me how to understand the article.

她告诉我怎样理解这篇文章。

They wanted to know where to solve the problem.

他们想知道在哪儿能够解决这个问题。

The boy asked her why to do so. 那男孩问她为什么这么做。

I asked him which one to choose. 我问他选择哪一个。

5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+OC )

(1) 这一句型中“谓语+宾语”不能表达完整意思,所以又加上了补语,使意义完整。如:

[名词作宾补]

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

They named the girl Mary. 他们叫这个女孩玛丽。

主 谓(及物) 宾 宾补

[形容词作宾补]

He found her frustrated. 他发觉她有些沮丧。

主 谓(及物) 宾 宾补

[不定式作宾补]

I saw them perform on the stage. 我看见他们在台上表演。 主 谓(及物) 宾 宾补

(2) 一些使役性动词如make ,let ,have 和一些表示感官的动词如see ,watch ,look at ,hear ,listen to ,feel 等,用不定式作宾语补足语时,要省去to ,但用于被动语态时,要加to 。如: We all made him play the piano.

[被动]

He was made to play the piano by us all. 我们都要求他弹钢琴。

I saw him enter the room.

[被动]

He was seen to enter the room. 我看见他进屋了。

He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.

[被动]

A woman was heard to cry over there under a tree. 他(听见)一个女人在那边一棵树下哭。

(3) 如果句型中的宾语是动词不定式,为了语气通顺,常用it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(动词不定式)移到后面。这类动词有:find ,consider ,think ,make 等。如: I think it my duty to do so. 我觉得这样做是我的义务。

I found it very difficult to put it in practice. 我认为要实行那个很艰难。

注意

有时候汉英两种语言在“动宾关系”的表达方式上有所不同。主要表现在以下三个方面:

(1) 表示“夺取”意义时

在汉语中凡是被夺取的目标应该是“物”;而英语则要说“人”,然后在被夺取物品之前加一个介词“of ”,构成一个介词短语放到“人”的后面。如:

Someone robbed her of her money. 有人抢了她的钱。

The king stripped him of all his freedom. 国王剥夺了他的一切自由。

(2) 表示“供给”意义时

在英语的表示法中,不能直接把所供给的物体作为宾语,必须以介词with 为媒介,才能引出物来。同时只有受到供给的人才能作宾语。如:

They provided us with food. 他们给我们食物。

My mother supplied me with money. 我妈妈供给我钱。

Please fill the glass with water. 请把杯子倒满水。

(3) 表示对某一身体部位的动作时,英语不像汉语那样以接受动作的部位为宾语,英语表达中的宾语是人,然后用介词引出接受动作的部位。如:

He patted me on the back. 他轻拍我的背。

He seized me by the collar. 他抓住我的衣领。

He hit me in the face. 他打我的脸。

He caught me by the arm. 他抓着我的胳膊。

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

He pulled me by the sleeve. 他拉着我的衣袖。

按照不同的说话功能和用法,简单句可分为四种主要类型:

B 陈述句

陈述句主要用来传递信息、表达看法和许诺。通常主语在前,谓语在后,句末用句号“.”,读时用降调。如:

She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。

They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。

They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经结束了争吵。 在动词原形前面加“do ”、“does ”或“did ”,可强调陈述。如:

I do feel sorry for the little boy. 我的确同情那个小男孩。

I did tell you. 我真告诉你了。

C 疑问句

疑问句是用来探询某一具体问题的信息而提出问题的句子,句末须用问号“?”。根据它们所期望的回答类型,可分为:

1. 一般疑问句

一般疑问句常用来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实,期望作肯定或否定回答,通常用yes 或no 回答,又叫“是非疑问句”,系动词be 、助动词和情态动词要放在主语的前面,句末一般用升调。如:

Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能帮你点什么吗?

Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?

Did she go to Shanghai last Summer? 她去年夏天去过上海吗?

(1) 如果谓语动词中没有助动词和情态动词,就需要在主语前面加do ,does 或did 作功能词。如:

[陈述句]He comes to school early every day. 他每天早到校。

[一般疑问句]Does he come to school early every day? 他每天早到校吗 ?

[陈述句]They do a lot of reading every day. 他们每天大量阅读。

[一般疑问句]Do they do a lot of reading every day? 他们每天都大量阅读吗?

(2) have 表示“有”的所属意义时,疑问句有两种构成形式。如:

[英国英语]Have you any brothers?

[美国英语]Do you have any brothers? 你有兄弟吗?

[英国英语]Has Jack a watch?

[美国英语]Does Jack have a watch? 杰克有手表吗?

(3) 非正式语体have got 或has got 总是把have 或has 作为功能词放在主语的前面。如: Have you got a book? 你有书吗?

Has she got a car? 她有小汽车吗?

相关试题解析

—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

—______.

A. Yes, never

B. No, ever

C. No, never

D. Yes, I do

【选C 】 A 中的Yes 与never, B 中的No 与ever 矛盾,D 中的时态不对。

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

2. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是用疑问词对句中某一特定部分提出问题,期望回答者明确指出特定的个人、事物、时间、地点、理由、方式或数量,而不用yes 或no 作简略回答。特殊疑问句的疑问词放在句首,句末用问号“?”,一般用降调。

(1) who (疑问代词)

who 用来询问人的身份,在句中作主语、表语,或在口语中作宾语。如: Who is the man over there? 那边的那个人是谁?

—Who is that girl? 那女孩是谁?

—That's my sister, Joy. 那是我妹妹,乔伊。

whom 用在正式语体中作宾语,尤其用在介词的后面。如:

Whom did you see? 你看见谁了?

For whom is she working? 她在为谁干事?

(2) whose (疑问代词或疑问形容词)

whose 为who 的所有格形式,既能独立担任成分,作表语,又能用在名词前面限制名词,作定语,用来询问某物属于哪个人或与哪个人有关。如:

Whose umbrella is that in the corner? 角落的那把雨伞是谁的?

—Whose is this coat? 这件外衣是谁的?

—I think it's Lucy's. 我想那是露茜的。

(3) what (疑问代词或疑问形容词)

what 一般用于询问各种不确定的信息、对事物的看法等。在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:

What's this? 这是什么?

—What is she doing? 她在做什么?

—She is talking to friends. 她在跟朋友谈话。

what 指人时,仅询问有关职业、职务和社会地位等内容。如:

—What does the woman do? 那个妇女是做什么的?

—She is a teacher. She teaches maths. 她是教师,教数学。

(4) which (疑问代词或疑问形容词)

which 用来询问某些物或某些人中特定的物或人,既可指单数,也可以指复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:

Which is the best restaurant? 哪个饭店是最好的?

Which doctor do you want to see? 你想见哪个医生?

(5) when (疑问副词)

when 用来询问事情发生的时间。在句中作时间状语。如:

When did you come back? 你什么时候回来的?

—When are you going to leave? 你们什么时候走?

—We are going to leave next Monday. 我们准备下星期一走。

(6) where (疑问副词)

where 用于询问地点、位置或方向,在句中作地点状语。如:

—Where shall we meet then? 那么我们在哪儿见面呢?

—Hello!Where are you from? 喂!你从哪里来?

—I am from the USA. 我从美国来。

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

相关试题解析

—Mum,_______is my watch?

—Look, it's on your bed.

A. what

B. where

C. how

D. whose

【选B 】 根据后一句的回答,前一句问的应该是地点,应用表地点的疑问词where 。

(7) why (疑问副词)

why 用于询问某事的理由。在句中作原因状语。如:

Why are you always late for school? 你上学为什么总是迟到?

Why are you here? 你为什么在这里?

why 有时与无主语的动词原形连用,询问理由或提出建议。如:

Why wake me up? 为什么把我叫醒?

Why not read a book? 为什么不读书?

(8) how (疑问副词)

how 通常用来询问做某事的方法或得以完成的途径。在句中作方式状语、程度状语和表语。如:

How do we open it? 我们怎么把它打开?

—How do you usually go home? 你们通常怎么回家?

—We usually go home by plane. 我们通常乘飞机回家。

how 也可以用来询问人的感觉、事物的数量、时间、距离的长短、性质特征的程度。如: —How do you like China? 你觉得中国怎样?

—I like it very much. It's great. 我很喜欢中国,她很伟大。

注意

特殊疑问句有两种语序

(1) 疑问词在句中作主语或修饰、限制主语时,要用正常语序,即主语在前,谓语动词在后,也叫陈述语序。如:

Who invited you? 谁邀请你了?

Whose mother teaches English? 谁的母亲教英语?

Which book is best? 哪本书最好?

(2) 疑问词在句中作表语、宾语或状语时,要用倒装语序,系动词、助动词或情态动词必须放在主语的前面,也叫疑问句语序。如:

What is this? 这是什么?

What are you talking about? 你们在谈什么?

3. 选择疑问句

选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案,供对方选择其一。前面的选择用升调,最后一个选择用降调。选择疑问句有两种结构,一种类似于一般疑问句,另一种类似于特殊疑问句。

(1) 一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句

—Did you solve the problem in this way or (in) that way?

你是用这种方法还是那种方法解决那个难题的?

—I did it in that way. 我用那种方法解决的。

—Is this a horse or a donkey? 这是马还是驴?

—It's a donkey. 是驴。

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

—Will you come to me or I'll go to your home? 你来找我呢,还是我去你家? —I'll go to your home. 我去找你吧。

(2) 特殊疑问句+选择对象+or+选择对象

Which is longer , the Yangtze River or the Nile? 长江和尼罗河,哪一条更长?

When will you go abroad , this year or next year? 你什么时候出国,今年还是明年? Who did you talk to , Mr Li or Miss Wang? 你跟谁谈的话,李先生还是王小姐?

4. 反意疑问句

反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,说话者先将自己所知道的事实或意见用陈述句说出来,然后再加一个简短疑问句向对方求证是否属实,或者询问对方是否同意,相当于汉语的“是不是”、“对不对”。疑问部分的主语必须是代词,与陈述句中的主语互指,并且在人称、数和性上保持一致。疑问部分的功能词(系动词、助动词和情态动词)一般和前面陈述句的功能词一致。如果陈述句是肯定的,附加疑问句一般是否定的;反之,如果陈述句是否定的,附加疑问句就用肯定的。如:

—It's getting hotter and hotter , isn't it? 天气变得越来越热了,是吗?

—Yes , it is. 是的。

—You won't leave here this morning , will you? 你今天上午不会离开这儿,是吧? —No , I won't. 是的,我不会的。

反意附加疑问句有时用升调,有时用降调,所表达的意义不同。

(1) 用升调时,表示说话人对所述内容把握不大,要求得到检验,期望听话人对陈述句中内容的真实性作出判定。如:

He likes his job, doesn't he? 他喜欢他的工作,是吗?

He doesn't like his job, does he? 他不喜欢他的工作,是吗?

(2) 用降调时,表示说话人对所述内容较有把握,期待听话人同意或提起听话人的兴趣,它的作用更像一个感叹句,但不完全是真正的感叹句。如:

He likes his job, doesn't he? 他喜欢他的工作,对不对?

He doesn't like his job, does he? 他不喜欢他的工作,对不对?

(3) 回答反意附加疑问句要用yes 或no ,如果回答的内容是肯定的,用yes ;如果回答的内容是否定的,用no 。如:

—There isn't any water in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里没有水,是不是?

—Yes, there is. 不,有水。

—No, there isn't. 对,没有水。

5. 反意疑问句的用法

(1) 如果陈述部分主语为everybody ,somebody ,anybody ,nobody ,no one ,none ,neither 或是指人的all ,these ,those ,疑问部分的主语通常用they 。如:

Everyone is ready now, aren't they? 大家都准备好了,是不是?

No one was hurt, were they? 没有人受伤,对吗?

All are gone, aren't they? 大家都走了,对吗?

如果陈述部分的主语为everything ,something ,anything ,nothing 或是指物的all ,疑问部分的主语一律用it 。如:

Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了,是不是?

Nothing can stop us going, can it? 什么东西也不能阻止我们去,对吗?

(2) 陈述部分为“there be...”结构,疑问部分须用there 。如:

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

There is something wrong, isn't there? 出事了,是不是?

There's a lot of sand over there , isn't there? 那儿有许多沙子,是吗?

(3) 陈述部分若为“I am ”,疑问部分不用“amn't ”,而是用“am I not ”(正式场合),或“aren't ”(口语)。如:

I am late, am I not? (正式场合)

I am late, aren't I? (口语) 我迟到了,是不是?

(4) 陈述部分的谓语动词是have (has ,had ),含义表示所属关系“有”时,疑问部分可用have (has ,had )(英国英语),也可用do (does ,did )(美国英语),如果含义不表示所属关系“有”,则一律用do ,does ,did 。如:

He hasn't any brothers, has he? (英)

He doesn't have any brothers, does he? (美)

他没有兄弟,是不是?

(5) 半助动词have to 与have got to 意义相同,但在附加疑问句中使用的助动词不同。如: We have to get up at four tomorrow, don't we?

We have got to get up at four tomorrow, haven't we?

我们明天必须4点起床,是不是?

(6) need 可用作情态动词或实义动词,因此在附加疑问句中也有两种形式。如: You needn't worry about the test, need you?

You don't need to worry about the test, do you?

你不必担心测试,对不对?

(7) 陈述部分有情态习语used to ,附加疑问句中的功能词用did 。如:

They used to write to you, didn't they? 他们过去经常给你写信,是不是?

They usedn't to write to you, did they? 他们过去不经常给你写信,是吗?

(8) 陈述部分只要有not ,no one ,none ,neither ,nothing ,few ,little ,hardly ,scarcely ,barely ,rarely ,seldom 等这些否定词和半否定词,都视为否定,疑问部分用肯定。如: He has few friends, does he? 他的朋友不多,是吗?

You hardly know her, do you? 你几乎不认识她,对吗?

(9) 陈述部分有un-,in-,ir-,dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时,仍视作肯定句,附加疑问句用否定形式。如:

She is unhappy, isn't she? 她不愉快,是不是?

She dislikes doing housework, doesn't she? 她不喜欢干家务活,是吗?

(10) 陈述部分若是主从复合句,附加疑问句应分两种情况:

第一,陈述部分复合句中主句的谓语动词是一般动词,疑问部分通常重复复合句中主句的主语和助动词,与从句无关。如:

He said that his son had gone abroad, didn't he? 他说他儿子出国了,是不是?

第二,陈述部分复合句中主句的主语是第一人称“I ”,谓语是表示看法的动词think ,believe ,suppose ,imagine ,guess ,consider ,am afraid ,疑问部分的主语和助动词应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如:

I don't suppose he is serious, is he? 我看他不是当真的,是吗?

相关试题解析

—What about Sally?

—She 's done her best these days,______?

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

A. hasn't she

B. isn't Sally

C. hasn't Sally

D. isn't she

【选A 】 由these days 可知前面She's 应是She has 的缩写,反意疑问句应用hasn't she 。

D 祈使句

说话人直接向听话人发出命令或提出劝告或邀请,动词用原形,无时态与数的词形变化,并且不能和情态动词连用,祈使句一般用降调,句尾通常用句号,也可以用感叹号。

1. 无主语的祈使句

以听话人第二人称作主语,为祈使对象,但不把第二人称主语表示出来。如:

(1) 肯定

Give me a piece of paper. 给我一张纸。

Wait here until I come back. 就在这儿等我回来。

Listen to the tape. 听录音。

(2) 否定

Don't waste your time!别浪费你的时间!

Never smoke again!千万别再吸烟了!

Don't spit on the floor! 不要随地吐痰!

注意

为了礼貌,通常在祈使句的开头或末尾加please 。如:

Attention ,please!请注意了!

Please give them all my best wishes. 请代我向他们问好!

2. 有主语的祈使句

有时为强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令,第二人称主语或第三人称主语也可以表示出来,这种主语要重读。如:

You let me pass. 你让我过去。

Now you get back to the end of the queue! 现在你回到队尾去!

Everybody shut their eyes. 大家闭上眼睛。

3. let 引导的祈使句

在宾格主语的前面加引导动词let ,构成第一人称祈使句,也可以构成第三人称祈使句,表示建议。如:

Let's go and see our history teacher. 让我们去看望我们的历史老师吧。

Let it be. 别管它。

Let me try again. 让我再试一下。

Let's...和let us...意义不同,“Let's+不定式”结构表示祈使对象包括说话人和听话人双方在内;“Let us+不定式”结构表示祈使对象是听话人。如:

Let's watch TV , shall we?

Let us read the text , will you?

相关试题解析

—Let's go and play football, _______?

—That's wonderful.

A. will you

B. do you

C. won't we

D. shall we

【选D 】 以Let's 引导的祈使句,反意疑问句用shall we 。

let 引导的祈使句的否定式是在let's...或let us...后插入not 构成。如:

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

Let's not talk about that. 咱们别谈论那件事情了。

Let's not be greedy. 咱们可别贪心了。

注意

(1) 在动词前面加上重读的助动词do ,可使肯定祈使句更有劝说力或更坚决。如: Do let's go for a walk. 我们一定要去散散步。

Do let me have a look! 一定要让我看一看。

(2) 在紧跟上文作简短反应时,do ,don't ,let's 和let us 可作为省略祈使句单独使用。如: —Shall I open the window? 我把窗子打开,好不好?

—Yes, please do. 好的,请打开。

—Shall we watch the game? 我们看比赛,好不好?

—Yes, let's. 好的,咱们看吧。

E 感叹句

感叹句是表示强烈感情或情绪的句子。感叹句一般要求把what 或how 引导的成分放在句首突出的位置上,主语和谓语动词通常不需要倒装,句末用感叹号,一般用降调。如: What large eyes she has! 她有一双好大的眼睛啊!

How happy everyone was! 大家多么高兴啊!

1. what 引导的感叹句

what 在感叹句中用作限定词,修饰名词或带有形容词的名词短语,单数可数名词前面用what a , 不可数名词和复数名词前面用what 。如:

What a good girl she is! 她是多么好的女孩啊!

What a clever boy he is! 他是多么聪明的男孩啊!

What delicious food it is! 这是多么好吃的东西啊!

What fine weather we are having today! 今天天气多好啊!

What beautiful presents they are! 这些礼物多美啊!

2.how 引导的感叹句

how 是副词,在感叹句中作状语,修饰形容词、副词和动词。如:

How cold it is today! 今天好冷啊!

How careless she is! 她多粗心啊!

How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!

注意

(1) 感叹句常可省略主语和谓语,只剩下what 或how 引导的成分。如:

What a terrible wind (it is)! 多么大的风啊!

How interesting (the book is)! 那本书多么有趣啊!

(2) “how+形容词”可置于带不定冠词的单数可数名词之前。如:

How tall a boy he is!(=What a tall boy he is!) 他是一个多么高的男孩啊!

How beautiful a picture it is!(=What a beautiful picture it is!)

那是一幅多么美丽的画啊!

(3) 除了上面两种基本句型之外,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句,甚至一个词组或一个词都可以通过改变语调,句末用惊叹号而变成感叹句,表示强烈的感情。如:

They are dangerous! 他们危险!

Take care you don't catch a cold! 当心不要感冒!

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!

Aren't they lovely! 他们多么可爱啊!

Many happy returns! 福寿无疆!

相关试题解析

—______day it is!

—Let's go out and enjoy the sunshine!

A. What a lovely

B. How windy

C. What a rainy

D. How wet

【选A 】 day 是可数名词,前面应有冠词,排除B 、D ,根据后一句sunshine, 排除C 。

学以致用

1. 按要求填空。

(1) Can you speak English? (肯定回答,但不能用yes)

(2) Haven't you been to the United States? (作否定回答表示没去过)

(3) I always ride a bike to school. (改为否定句)

I______ride a bike to school.

(4) There is something wrong with your bike. (改为否定句)

There is______wrong with your bike.

(5) Both of the answers are right. (改为否定句)

of the answers______right.

(6) I will go out. (用stay here 改为选择疑问句)

(7) Don't do that again,______? (补全反意疑问句)

(8) Let us do it by ourselves,______? (补全反意疑问句)

(9) You mustn't take the magazine out of the reading-room,______? (补全反意疑问句)

(10) I wish to use your dictionary,______? (补全反意疑问句)

2. 将下面的句子改为同义句

(1) Could you lend me your dictionary? Could you lend______?

(2) The company sent us a few computers last year. The company______.

(3) Let me show the way to you. Let me show______.

(4) Don't forget to write a letter to me. Don't forget to write______.

(5) He bought his son a new bike yesterday. He bought______yesterday.

3. 选择最佳答案填空。

(1) —Have you been to Beijing?

—______.

A. Not ever

B. Not yet

C. Not already

D. No yet

(2) What language is she speaking,______?

A. English and French

B. English or French

C. English; French

D. English but French

(3) She hardly writes to you,______?

A. did she

B. does she

C. didn't she

D. does't she

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册! (4) —What a beautiful bridge,______?

—Yes,______?

A. isn't it; isn't it

B. is it; is it

C. isn't it; is it

D. is it; isn't it

(5) —Excuse me,______does she do?

—She sells shoes.

A. how

B. when

C. what

D. where

(6) —______do you write to your parents?

—About once a month.

A. How much

B. How long

C. How soon

D. How often

(7) —______can I do for you?

—I am looking for a pair of black shoes.

A. How

B. What

C. Which

D. Why

(8) —Shall I help you?

—Yes,______.

A. you will

B. you can

C. please

D. let's

(9) ______wonderful day it is!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

(10) ______well she sings!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

参考答案

1. (1)Certainly / Of course. (2)No, I haven't. (3)never (4)nothing

(5)Neither, is (6)Will you go out or stay here? (7)will you

(8)will you (9)must you (10)may I

2. (1)your dictionary to me (2)sent a few computers to us last year

(3)you the way (4)me a letter (5)a new bike for his son

3. (1)B (2)B (3)B (4)A (5)C (6)D (7)B (8)C (9)B (10)C

初中英语语法专项习题:倒装句和感叹句

初中英语语法专项习题:倒装句和感叹句 Ⅰ、倒装句。 1. —I'm going to visit the Lugou Bridge tomorrow. —______. A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 2. Yao Ming works hard on his English and ______. A. so Liu Xiang does B. so is Liu Xiang C. so does Liu Xiang D. so Liu Xiang is 3. If you don’t go swimming tomorrow, _______. A. so I don’t go B. nor will I C. so do I D. neither do I 4. Lily hasn't finished her work yet. A. So has he. B. Neither has he. C. He has too. D. He hasn't too. 5. —She is very beautiful in her class. —______. A. So is she B. So she is C. Neither does she D. Nor is she 6. On the east of the river ______ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing 7. On every piece of the paper _____ pictures of some horses. A. is B. are C. has D. have 8. Only when you remember all the new words ______ study English well. A. can you B. you can C. did you D. you could 9. ______ that there were so many girls in this school before. A. Little I knew B. Little did I know C. Little I did I know D. Little had I known 10. Not until yesterday______ the truth about the accident. A. I knew B. I did know C. I had known D. did I know 11. Hardly ______ my homework when Jim came to visit him. A. have I finished B. had I finished C. I had finished D. I have finished Ⅱ、用What , What a , What an , How填空。 1. _____________ hot the weather is! 2. _____________ hard her father works! 3. _____________ long way it is from Guangdong to Paris! 4. _____________ fine day it was yesterday! 5. _____________ beautiful your voice is! 6. _____________ interesting picture-books! 7. _____________ lovely baby! 8. _____________ strong wind! 9. _____________ sad new he told us! 10. _____________ happy she was last weekend! 11. _____________ good weather! Why not go out for a walk? 12. _____________ nice the garden is! 13. _____________ difficult work he did! 14. _____________ broken the house looks! 15. _____________ happy life we have! 16. _____________ well my deskmate swims! 17. _____________ delicious mooncakes!

张道真初中英语语法之16简单句

简单句 担纲指导张道真 执行主编席玉虎 编著黄玉霞 孙晓芳 山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社 2013年6月第2版2014年3月第5次印刷 出版人雷俊林 出版策划苗补坤 责任编辑潘峰 ISBN 978-7-5440-6449-1 学习探讨英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf 语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读

全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册! 丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗??? 不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们 就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。 对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。语法,顾名思义,乃是语 言的法则和规律。学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处: 第一 可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从 头摸索。 第二 可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而 且可以知其所以然。 第三 可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量 一句话是否正确。 第四 语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。 丨那么应该如何学习语法呢? 我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点: 第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念 搞清,牢记在心。 第二 要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面, 练习要着重说和写。 第三 学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的 单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。 第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖, 进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。 第五 将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书, 像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。 第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定 水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的 流利性。 最后 可能还会有人说,语法应该学,就是太枯燥。我的感觉是:开头有 点枯燥,过些时候,就会像嚼橄榄似的,越学越有味了。如若不信,请试试看。

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的分类汇编

一、选择题 1.“_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health,” Father said. A.Taking B.Took C.Take D.Takes 2.Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A.talk, keep B.to talk, keep C.talk, to keep D.to talk, to keep 3.Don’t _______TV too much . It’s bad for your eyes . A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch 4.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 5.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 6.Jerry,______ angry with others. It's bad for your health. A.doesn't be B.don't be C.isn't D.don't 7.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 8.Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A.but B.or C.and 9.—____ —C-O-L-O-R. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 10.________ the steps, and you can find it convenient to buy things with the mobile phone. A.Follow B.To follow C.Following 11.Get up early,______you’ll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 12.Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A.fill; full B.fill; filled C.full; full D.full; filled 13.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving 14.—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it. A.Finish B.Finished C.To finish D.Finishing 15.Summer is coming. Please______ play near the river, It's very dangerous.

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

最新初中英语语法知识—祈使句的综合训练

一、选择题 1.—______________. —G-R-E-E-N, green. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 2.late for class again, Ann. A.Don’t be B.Can’t C.Don’t D.Be 3.Walk ______ the white building and ______ the street. You won’t miss it. A.pass; cross B.past; cross C.pass; across D.past; across 4.good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A.Taking B.To take C.Taken D.Take 5.—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets 6.Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A.talk, keep B.to talk, keep C.talk, to keep D.to talk, to keep 7.Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A.not B.don't C.won't D.can't 8.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 9.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 10.Let’s ______ sports after school. S ports are good for health. A.have B.having C.to have D.has 11.Hurry up, you will be late for school. A.so B.or C.and D.but 12.________ for the English test or you will miss the listening part. A.Don’t late B.Don’t be late C.Don’t arrive lately 13.Let’s _____TV. That _____boring. Can we go out to play games? A.watching,sounds B.watch,sound C.watching,sound D.watch,sounds 14.—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then w e’ll talk about it. A.Finish B.Finished C.To finish D.Finishing

初中英语语法口诀大汇总

初中英语语法口诀大汇总 【新初一年级英语语法口诀(上)】 大小写字母书写口诀 大A箭头指上方,小a系辫好模样; 大B耳朵右边长,小b食指指向上; 大C吃饭把嘴张,小c大C一个样; 大D肚子圆又胖,小d五线谱里藏。 大E将山竖着放,小e像鱼肉真香; 大F像旗杆上绑,小f像个小拐杖; 大G让C挂条棍,小g大辫真正长。 大H工字放倒写,小h椅子侧着放。 大I工字中间长,小i像人跪地上; 大J长得多像“厂”,小j子弹射出枪;大K伸臂又踢腿,小k稍息把事想; 大L指针三点过,小l像根火腿肠; 大M像海鸥在飞翔,小m鼻孔出气长。大N电闪实在亮,小n单门墙上装; 大O鸡蛋喷喷香,小o蛋小人人抢; 大P圆旗高飘扬,小p让b练倒立; 大Q西瓜连藤摘,小q和9很相似; 大R是P右踢腿,小r向上撅撅嘴。

大S弯弯溪流淌,小s像8没合上; 大T铁锤当当响,小t像个大写七; 大U陷阱在下方,小u将n倒着放; 大V竖起两手指,小v长个尖下巴。 大W是M朝天躺,小w将v弄成双; 大X像叉画本上,小x剪刀裁衣忙。 大Y弹弓没皮筋,小y比v多尾巴; 大Z和2最相像,小z呼噜声最响。 英语字母书写口诀 字母书写有规则,右倾五度正适合。 大写全在上两格,高低一致不会错。 小写字母也不难,请你记住这几点。 有头就用上两格,b, d, h, i, k, l 和t。有尾就占下两格,g, p, q, y要记着。 无头无尾写中格,多练几遍不会错。 剩下j, f不一般,三个格子全都占。 仔细辨来认真练,养成书写好习惯。 单词首字母大写用法歌口诀 单词字母要大写,下面规则是小结。 句子开头首字母,文章标题虚词除(外)。

初中英语语法:感叹句

初中英语语法:感叹句 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种,一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号!。用降调。下面就是小编给大家带来的关于感叹句的语法,希望能帮助到大家! 英语语法大全之感叹句 What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的小男孩啊! How clever the boy is! 这小男孩多聪明啊! 1What引导的感叹句 What a beautiful city it is! (这是个)多么美丽的城市啊! 句型:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2how引导的感叹句

How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊! 1.句型:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! How hard he works! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语) How he loves his son! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 2.how修饰动词时,动词并不提前。 How I want to be a teacher! 我多想当个老师啊! 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如: What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!How cold it is! 注意 what和how引导的两种感叹句,在口语中常用简略式,即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如: How cold! 多冷啊! What heavy traffic! 交通多挤啊! 比较

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的难题汇编及答案

一、选择题 1.Hey, James,__________on the wall. A.doesn't draw B.didn't draw C.don't draw D.drew 2.Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A.fill; full B.fill; filled C.full; full D.full; filled 3.— Please ________very quiet. They___________ . — OK, I will. A.to be; sleep B.be; are sleeping C.to be; are sleeping D.be; sleeps 4.______ talk in the library. A.Don’t B.Not C.Not to 5.Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping. A.not B.don't C.won't D.can't 6.Please _____ look outside. Look at the black board. A.not B.don’t C.aren’t D.can’t 7.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 8.Let’s ______ sports after school. Sports are good for health. A.have B.having C.to have D.has 9.— We need more office supplies. —Ok. Let’s ______ a list. A.making B.makes C.make D.made 10.The window is . Mike, go and it. A.open; closed B.close; opens C.open; close D.closed; opens 11.—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A.I don't B.I won't C.I will D.I'd like to 12.—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets 13.-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A.No,I'm not B.Thank you C.That's all right D.That's a good idea 14.Tom, your homework all the time. It’ not good for your eyes. A.not do B.doesn’t do C.don’t do D.isn’t do 15.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving

初中英语语法总结感叹句参考

初中英语语法总结感叹句参考 What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的小男孩啊! How clever the boy is! 这小男孩多聪明啊! 1What引导的感叹句 What a beautiful city it is! (这是个)多么美丽的城市啊! 句型:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! (2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2how引导的感叹句 How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊! 1.句型:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How cold it is! How hard he works! (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)

How he loves his son! (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语) How tall a tree it is! 2.how修饰动词时,动词并不提前。 How I want to be a teacher! 我多想当个老师啊! 上述两种感叹句能够互相转换。例如: What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is! What a cold day it is!→How cold it is! 注意 what和how引导的两种感叹句,在口语中常用简略式,即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如: How cold! 多冷啊! What heavy traffic! 交通多挤啊! 比较 感叹句和特殊疑问句 感叹句:How busy you are!(陈述句语序) 你多么忙啊! 疑问句:How busy are you?(疑问句语序)

数词的构成和用法

数词的构成和用法 摘要:数词是表示数目多少或先后顺序的词,表示数目多少的词叫基数词,表示先后顺序的词叫序数词,是平时使用和考查的主要词汇之一,历来深受广大师生的重视。因此,掌握数词的构成和用法就成为我们的当务之急。 关键词:数词基数词序数词构成用法 在平时行文中,数词是出现频率很高的词汇,也是历年中考主要考查的重点词汇之一。学好数词的关键并不在于它的形式,而在于掌握它们的变化规律,可用数词表达确切的数目、不确切的数目及日期、年龄、生日、倍数等。 一、基数词的构成和用法 (一)构成 1.1-12特殊记,即one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve没有规律。 2.13-19以teen结尾,这是基数词的其中一个后缀,注意13是thirteen,15是fifteen,18是eighteen。 3.20-90(即整十)以ty结尾,这是基数词的一个后缀,注意40是forty,50是fifty,80是eighty。 4.21-99即表示“几十几”,分成由“几十”+“几”,实际上是由以上的“3”加“1”构成,注意中间加一个连字符。

例如:21是twenty-one,99是ninety-nine。5,678读作:five thousand,six hundred and seventy-eight,1,213,2,56读作:one million,two hundred and thirteen thousand,two hundred and fifty-six,2,143,456,789读作:two billion,one hundred and forty-three million,four hundred and fifty-six thousand,seven hundred and eighty-nine。 5.101-999的百位数由hundred加and再加两位数或个位数,例如:311读作:three hundred and eleven,745读作:seven hundred and forty-five,805读作:eight hundred and five。 6.四位数以上(含四位数)的数字从右向左每三位加一 个逗号,第一、第二、第三个逗号的位置分别读thousand,million,billion。 综上所述不难发现:个位数的表达用第一点,两位数的表达用第二到第四点,百位数的表达用第五点,千位以上(含千位)的数字主要用第六点。 7.在表达确切数字时不用复数形式,即基数词与“s”势不两立,例如:two hundred students不能说成two hundreds students。在表示不确切的数字时,用复数形式且后面要用of,即“s”与“of”形影不离。例如:hundreds of students 不能说hundred of students。有时也可加上several,a few等词表示不确切的数量,例如:several thousand times,a few billion years。

初中英语语法知识—祈使句的专项训练及解析答案

一、选择题 1.Get up early,______you’ll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 2.—_____________ dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.Gets 3.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 4.---Be careful, don’t forget to follow your father. ---I know that, Mum. One can never be too careful. A.and B.or C.but D.so 5._______ afraid of making mistakes. We can learn from our mistakes. A.Be not B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Not to be 6.Let’s ______ sports after school. Sports are good for health. A.have B.having C.to have D.has 7.Cindy, ______ chase other students in the class. A.doesn't B.do C.be D.don't 8.Let’s _____TV. That _____boring. Can we go out to play games? A.watching,sounds B.watch,sound C.watching,sound D.watch,sounds 9.—______________. —G-R-E-E-N, green. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 10.Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A.but B.or C.and 11.Grandpa, you'd better not smoke any more. Follow the doctor's advice, ___________ you will be well very soon. A.and B.or C.so D.but 12.________ for the English test or you will miss the listening part. A.Don’t late B.Don’t be late C.Don’t arrive lately 13.Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class. A.and B.or C.but D.so 14.—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A.Stop; having B.Stop; have C.To stop; have. D.To stop; to have

初中英语语法大全-句子种类

初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类: 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

初中英语语法知识—祈使句的知识点复习

一、选择题 1.Tom, laugh at(嘲笑)others. It’s not polite! A.don't B.doesn’t C.not D.don't be 2.Peter, here, or I’ll ask you to get out of the library. A.not shout B.don’t shout C.not to shout D.no shout 3.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 4.Tim,______noisy in the library. A.don’t B.doesn’t C.don’t be D.doesn’t be 5.---Be careful, don’t forget to follow your father. ---I know that, Mum. One can never be too careful. A.and B.or C.but D.so 6._______ afraid of making mistakes. We can learn from our mistakes. A.Be not B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Not to be 7.Cindy, ______ chase other students in the class. A.doesn't B.do C.be D.don't 8.___________really hard, and you can realize your dream of becoming an astronaut. A.Works B.To work C.Working D.Work 9.—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. — _________. A.I don't B.I won't C.I will D.I'd like to 10.Hurry up, _________ you will be late for class. A.and B.or C.but D.so 11.-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A.No,I'm not B.Thank you C.That's all right D.That's a good idea 12.good care of yourself when you are alone, or your parents will worry about you. A.Taking B.To take C.Taken D.Take 13.Let’s ____________ volleyball. That _________ good. A.playing, is B.playing, sounds C.play, sounds D.play, is sound 14.Your future is whatever you make it, so ________it a good one. A.to make B.making C.made D.make 15.---Mike, ___________ run in the hallways. 一Sorry, Ms. Clark. A.don't B.doesn't C.let's D.please 16.— Daniel, _________ be late for school again! —Sorry, Mrs. Lin. I won’t. A.doesn’t B.don’t C.isn’t D.won’t

相关文档