精品2019学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题新人教版

2019学年度高二级第二学期期末试题（卷）

英语

满分120分，考试时间100分钟

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

A

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary is recommended by teachers and students because it explains wordsin language students understand,gives useful example sentences and inc ludes the tools learners need to succeed in English.The new 9th edition with Oxford i Speaker and iWriter makes it the latest speaking and writing tool.

Author：Margaret Deuter，Jennifer Bradbery

Price：$29.95

Paperback: 1900 pages

Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 95 in books

Collins English Dictionary

At the cutting edge of language change,Collins English Dictionary offers you all the latest words and phrases

you need at your fingertips.Whether for study,at work,or on the go,you can check spellings, look up meanings

and words you need, every day.

Author: HarperCollins

Price: $25.99

Paperback: 1920 pages

Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 227 in books

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

It is great for advanced learners of English and contains a large vocabulary,

including words from the areas of technology, language and lifestyle, plus important 2 words for academic study.

It is perfect as a reference tool and as a study companion.

It is also great for exam preparation.

Author：Cambridge University

Price：$39.27

Paperback: 1856 pages

Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 461 in books

Longman Handy Learner's Dictionary

Longman is the very best for students learning English to study,

live and work in North America.

This dictionary provides lots of handy reference materials. This popular, pocket-size dictionary is great for students who need quick and easy reference to American words and phrases.

Author: Pearson Education

Price: $23.66

Paperback: 528 pages

Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 1144 in books

1. What is special about Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary?

A. It gives useful example sentences.

B. It is cheap and at the same time good.

C. It is recommended by teachers and students.

D. It is equipped with Oxford iSpeaker and iWriter.

2．You can probably look up some newly-created words in

A. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

B. Longman Handy Learner's Dictionary

C. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

D. Collins English Dictionary

3．What do we know about Longman Handy Learner's Dictionary?

A. It's the cheapest of the four dictionaries.

B. It's helpful to improve your pronunciation.

C. It's great for students to prepare for exams.

D. It's good for British English learners.

4．In what order are the dictionaries listed?

A. The thickness of the dictionaries.

B.

The prices of the dictionaries.

C. The Amazon ranks of the dictionaries.

D.

The functions of the dictionaries.

B

If our kids don’t fall, they don’t learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and it had slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she'd forgotten me.

Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight A student ready to start college applications, being late wasn't an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom, I told her she was running my future and everything I worked for. But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.

My mom didn’t rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.

Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.

5. Why did the author shout at her mother?

A. She was tired after walking home.

B. She missed some important tests.

C. Her mother had ruined her future.

D. Her mother didn't pick her up home.

6. What does the underlined phrase "held her ground" in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Gave in to me.

B. Said yes to me.

C. Stayed in the place.

D. Stuck to her decision.

7. How does the author feel about her experience now?

A. Merciful

B. Beneficial

C. Disappointed

D. Embarrassed

8. What is the best title for the text?

A. Try to meet your kids' demands.

B. Offer your kids help if necessary.

C. Stop rescuing your kids from failure.

D. Be responsible for your kids failure.

C

Naturally, parents praise their kids. They want to encourage their children every day. But when it comes to building self-esteem (自尊) in children, praise doesn't always have a positive effect, according to a special edition of the journal Child Development. The issue, edited by Eddie and Thomas, is focused on rese arch into how children develop a sense of self and building your child’s confidence takes different skills than you might think.

Eddie points out that children are born without a sense of self, but it doesn’t take long before some kids have a lot of confidence and may feel superior to peers, while others may carry more self-doubt and see themselves as inferior." Yet no one really understands what causes children to view themselves the way they do. Surprisingly little is known about the origins of child ren’s self-concept," Eddie said. Research has found that when kids have a warm, loving relationship with their parents, they develop higher self-esteem. However, when they are given endless praise that is unequal to their achievements, their self-esteem may drop.

Instead of lavish praise, parents should focus on warmth to build self-esteem, researchers have found—specifically, parents should show interest in their kids’ activities and share joy with them. This makes children feel noticed and value d. According to Eddie’s own research, children may develop lower self-esteem when their parents give them lots of positive and overstated praises. Too much praise can make children worry about disappointing their parents, and may lead to an unhealthy attitude toward failure. Other studies suggest that parents can teach children that failure is beneficial by encouraging kids to ask themselves, “Why didn’t I achieve the result I wanted, and what can I do to change the outcome in the future?”

Additionally, it’s important for parents to encourage the belief that kids can develop basic abilities through devotion and hard work. Kids who are praised for their effort instead of their ability are more likely to develop a growth mindset, which have a positive impact on their confidence.

9. What does the special edition of Child Development focus on?

A. When is the best time to build a child’s self-esteem.

B. What effect praise has on a child’s self understanding.

C. How children develop their sense of self-esteem.

D. How blaming and overpraise hurt a child’s confidence.

10. How does too much praise hurt children’s self-esteem?

A. They’ll be afraid of failing and disappointing their parents.

B. They’ll have a false understanding of their ability an d fail.

C. They’ll become too proud to get along with other children.

D. They’ll focus more on their advantages than their weaknesses.

11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Children’s effort will help to build their confidence.

B. Children should he taught the value of hard work.

C. Praising a child’s ability will make them happier.

D. Some parents doubt if kids can develop their abilities.

12. Which of the following is the passage mainly about?

A. Praising a child for any reason helps build his self-esteem.

B. How kids develop their sense of self-esteem differently.

C. Why some kids have more self-doubt than the others.

D. Participation and encouragement build a kid’s self-esteem.

D

The Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noted the 80/20 connection while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, as published in his first paper. Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. It is an axiom of business management that “80% of sales come from 20% of clients”.

Richard Koch authored the book, The 80/20 Principle, which illustrated some practical applications of the Pareto principle in business management and life. Mathematically, the 80/20 rule is roughly followed by a power law distribution, also known as a Pareto distribution, for a particular set of parameters, and many natural phenomena have been shown empirically to exhibit such a distribution. The Pareto principle

is only tangentially related to Pareto efficiency. Pareto developed both concepts in the context of the distribution of income and wealth among the population.

The original observation was in connection with population and wealth. Pareto noticed that 80% of It aly’s land was owned by 20% of the population. He then carried out surveys on a variety of other countries and found to his surprise that a similar distribution applied. A chart that gave the inequality a very visible and comprehensible form, the so-called “champagne glass” effect, was contained in the 1992 United Nations Development Program Report, which showed that distribution of global income is very uneven, with the richest 20% of the world’s population controlling 82.7% of the world’s income.

In computer science the Pareto principle can be applied to optimization efforts. For example, Microsoft noted that by fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs, 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system would be eliminated. Lowell Arthur expre ssed that “20 percent of the code has 80 percent of the errors. Find them, fix them!”It was also discovered that in general the 80% of a certain piece of software can be written in 20% of the total allocated time. Conversely, the hardest 20% of the code takes 80% of the time. This factor is usually a part of COCOMO estimating for software coding. In load testing, it is also common practice to estimate that 80% of the traffic will occur during a particular 20% of the total time period.

It has been inferred the Pareto principle applies to athletic training, where roughly 20% of the exercises and habits have 80% of the impact and the trainee should not focus so much on a varied training. This does not necessarily mean that having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not important, but they are not as significant as the key activities. It is also important to note this 80/20 rule has yet to be scientifically tested in controlled studies with regards to athletic training. In baseball, the Pareto principle has been observed in Wins Above Replacement, an attempt to combine multiple statistics to determine a player’s overall importance to a team.“15% of the all the players last year produced 85% of the total wins with the other 85% of the players creating 15% of the wins. The Pareto Principle holds up pretty soundly when it is applied to baseball...”

13. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?

A. rule

B. legend

C. conclusion

D. imagination

14. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Richard Koch discovered the 80/20 Principle and authored a book named after the Principle.

B. Pareto noticed that 80% of world's land was owned by 20% of the population.

C. Fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs may not eliminate 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system.

D. Having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not as important as the key activities in athletic training.

15. The author wrote this article .

A. to introduce those famous scientists who contribute to the 80/20 Principle

B. to look back the history of the 80/20 Principle

C. to introduce the applications of the 80/20 Principle

D. to draw people’s attention to the 20% important things in various areas

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余答案。

In big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou the railway stations can look like airports. When you get to the station, first check the big screen for your train number and which waiting room you should go. It can be bit hard to figure out the screen if you can’t read Chinese, but don’t worry, just ask any worker by showing your ticket to them. 16

I always arrive too early at the railway station. 17 Arrive at least half an hour before the train leaves and wait for your turn at the waiting room. On the screens you can see your train number again and possibly how long until it departs. The screen will also show you when it’s the time to board the train and an announcement is also made through the loudspeakers in Chinese.

If you don’t understand Chinese, keep an eye on the screen and ask the workers. Every time it’s time to board a train (it might be yours or some other trains) massive amount of people will stand up and rush to the gates. 18 Only when the train arrives will they open the gate and let you to the platform.

19 Check the correct car number on your ticket and head to the right door. The train staff will check your ticket before you board so you can’t accidentally board the wrong train.

20 The tickets might be checked again when you get off the train or during the journey.

A. If you are unsure, always ask the staff.

B. I think it's better to be early than late.

C. They will point you to the right direction.

D. Keep your valuables on you bed when you sleep.

E. Once you have found your seat, hold tight on your ticket.

F. It’s pretty much impossible to wander to a wrong platform.

G. There is a separate area for watching your hands, face and brushing your teeth.

第二部分语言知识应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Now the commencement speakers（毕业典礼嘉宾） will typically wish you good luck and extend good wishes to you. I will 21 do that, and I’ll tell you 22 . From time to time in the years to come, I hope you will be treated 23 , so that you will come to know the 24 of justice. I hope that you will 25 betrayal because that will teach you the importance of 26 . 27 to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time so that you don’t take 28 for granted. I wish you bad 29 , again, from time to time 30 you will be conscious of the role of 31 in life and understand that your 32 is not completely deserved and that the failure of others is not completely deserved either. And when you 33 , as you will from time to time, I hope every now and then, your sportopponent will gloat （幸灾乐祸）over your failure. It is a way for you to understand the importance of 34 . I hope you’ll be ignored so you know the importance of listening to others, and I hope you will have just enough 35 to learn sympathy. Whether I 36 these things or not, they’re going to happen. And whether you benefit f rom them or not will depend upon your 37 to see the message in your 38 .

Now commencement speakers are also expected to give some advice. They give grand advice, and they give some 39 tips. The most common grand advice they give is for you to be yourself. In a certain sense, you should not be yourself. You should try to become something 40 . People say ‘be yourself’ because they want you to resist the impulse to conform to what others want you to be. But you can’t be yourself if yo u don’t learn who you are, and you can’t learn who you are unless you think about it.

21. A. not B. also C. truly D. happily

22. A. how B. what C. why D. before

23. A. nicely B. friendly C. unfairly D. badly

24. A. aim B. promise C. potential D. value

25. A. enjoy B. deserve C. suffer D. witness

26. A. wealth B. loyalty C. law D. endurance

27. A. Sorry B. Glad C. Strange D. Naturally

28. A. loneliness B. friends C. time D. risk

29. A. temper B. future C. scores D. luck

30. A. in case B. so that C. when D. for fear that

31. A. chance B. patience C. diligence D. kindness

32. A. failure B. consciousness C. fate D. success

33. A. laugh B. cry C. win D. lose

34. A. brotherhood B. friendship C. sportsmanship D. scholarship

35. A. luck B. time C. opportunities D. pain

36. A. think B. wish C. ignore D. stress

37. A. determination B. contribution C. ability D. appreciation

38. A. lives B. study C. misfortunes D. trials

39. A. meaningless B. useful C. new D. odd

40. A. different B. normal C. ordinary D. better

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内所给词的正确形式。

Do you know how much your telephone 41 (change)over the past 10 years? Your car will change even more than that 42 the next 10 years. One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive 43 . Some day you may not need to drive a car. You will just tell the car where you want to go and it will drive itself.

The American company Google has been working on 44 self-driving automobile for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States, mainly in California. Google cars are 54 (true)self-driving. Another American company, Tesla, 46 (add)an “Autopilot(自动驾驶仪)” feature to its cars last month. Tesla put the feature, a computer software program, in cars 47 were built after September 2014. With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and steer by itself. You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal.

Some people think there will be fewer accidents with these cars. Insurance costs may be 48 (low) for self-driving cars than other vehicles. In a self-driving car, you would not have to be worried about talking on the phone or 49 (send) a text message.

Of course, there are some disadvantages. Self-driving cars may cost a lot more than other cars. Lower priced vehicles may take longer 50 (offer) the feature. Also, lawmakers will need to consider who is responsible when a self-driving car has an accident.

第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写作修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词；

2.只允许该10处，多者（从11处开始）不计分。

As we all know it, everyone has a dream. I have dreamed of being doctor since I entered the primary school. Nowadays with modern life going rapid, many people suffer from different kinds of disease, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home or abroad. My dream is to become a successful doctor, helped to save people's lives. Although to be a good doctor isn't very difficult, I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health. To make my dream come true, I have told myself over again and again that I'll concentrate more to studies. After all, only by working hard can one succeeded. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，春节即将来临，你所在的学校将要举办一场迎春节庆祝活动。你邀请学校的美国交换生Jim参加。请你写封信给他，要点如下：

1. 邀请Jim一起表演一个中西合璧的节目。

2. 活动时间和地点为：农历12月29日晚7:00-9:00，在学校学术报告厅

注意：1. 词数100左右

2. 可适当增加细节

参考答案

阅读理解1-4 DDAC 5-8 DDBC 9-12 CABD 13-15 ADC

【A】本文介绍了四种英语字典

1. D 通过第一段最后一句寻找答案。

2. D 通过第二段第一句寻找答案。

3. A 通过对比四种字典的价格得出结论为A。

4. C 对比文中四个段落中依次出现的Amazon Bestsellers Rank 可知选C。

【B】本文讲了作者一次上学迟到，并因为迟到影响到考试成绩的经历，说明母亲借助挫折教育帮助作者成长。

5. D 答案在第一段最后一句。

6. D 通过第二段最后一句"And I missed my tests."得知母亲坚持自己的立场，没有送作者去学校。

7. B 文章的最后一段揭示了迟到的挫折让作者受益。

8. C 文章最后一段第一句点明了"My mom didn't rescuing me from failure"。

【C】本文讨论了家长赞扬孩子时候的误区，不当的表扬不利于孩子自尊的发展。作者提出家长应更加注重对孩子为了完成任务所付出努力的赞许。

9. C 通过第一段最后一句寻找答案。

10. A 第四段提到"Too much praise can make children...."，可知答案为A。

11. B

12. D 主旨题

【D】本文介绍了80/20原则以及其在各领域的应用。

13. A 由首段首句的"law"得出axiom与rule意思相近。

14. D 由文章最后一段第二句得出结论。

15. C 主旨题，本文主要介绍了80/20原则。

16-20 CBAFE

完型填空: 21-25 ACCDC 26-30 BABDB 31-35 ADDCD 36-40 BCCBD

本文是美国联邦最高法院大法官约翰·罗伯茨在儿子就读的卡迪根山中学（Cardigan Mountain School）所发表的毕业演讲节选,中文译文如下：

“通常，毕业典礼的演讲嘉宾都会祝你们好运并送上祝福。但我不会这样做让我来告诉你为什么。” “在未

来的很多年中，我希望你被不公正地对待过，唯有如此你才真正懂得公正的价值。”“我希望你遭受背叛，唯有如此你才领悟到忠诚之重要。” “抱歉的说，我会祝福你时常感到孤独，唯有如此你才不会把良朋益友视为人生中的理所当然。"“我祝福你人生旅途中时常运气不佳，唯有如此你才意识到概率和机遇在人生中扮演的角色，进而理解你的成功并不完全是命中注定，而别人的失败也不是天经地义。"“当你失败的时候，时不时地，我希望你的对手会因为你的失败而幸灾乐祸，唯有如此才能让你意识到有风度的竞争精神之重要。” “我祝福你会被忽视，唯有如此你才会意识到倾听他人的重要性。” “我祝福你遭受切肤之痛，唯有如此才能让你感同身受，从而对别人有同情的理解。” “无论我怎么想，这些都将在生命中必然发生。而你能否从中获益，取决于你是否能从你的不幸中领悟到想要传递给你的信息。”

语法填空： 41. has changed 42. in 43. themselves 44. a 45.truly 46. added

47. that/which 48. lower 49. sending 50. to offer

短文改错：

As we all know it, everyone has a dream. I have dreamed of being/\ doctor since I entered the 删it a

primary school. Nowadays with modern life going rapid, many people suffer from different kinds

rapidly

of disease, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home or abroad. diseases and

My dream is to become a successful doctor, helped to save people's lives. Although to be a good

helping

doctor isn't very difficult, I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health. To make my dream

is 或变difficult为easy healthy

come true, I have told myself over again and again that I'll concentrate more to studies. After all, on

only by working hard can one succeeded.

succeed

书面表达：

Dear Jim,

With the Spring Festival approaching, I would like to invite you to join us in the celebration in

our school.

A variety of activities will be included at the celebration, such as performances, games, and gift-exchanging, which will surely enable you to know better about our culture. To get fully involved, I, together with my classmates, hope that you can put on a performance with us. And I think it will be a good combination of both our culture and yours. By the way, the celebration will take place in the school lecture hall from 7:00 pm to 9:00 pm on December 29th, according to the Chinese lunar calendar. We are looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

高一数学期末综合测试题

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