定语从句 之 先行词 (含答案解析)
定语从句之先行词
综合练习
一、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
1.分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在
句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语
(1)This is the stranger who helped us yesterday.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(2)The boy whom the teacher often praises is their monitor.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(3)Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(4)The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(5)The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(6)The report that was handed in by Mr Turner was about the motor race.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(7)I know the person whose company produces computers.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________
(8)I once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual.
先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
译文：
______________________________________________________________________ 2.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳。(reward; wallet; who）
_______________________________________________________________________ ____________
3.按给出的中文意思，用括号内所给的英语或句式提醒，翻译句子。
我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。(those;定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________ __
4.根据括号内的提示或要求，将下列句子翻译成英语。
假设你的朋友找了一个你不喜欢的男朋友或女朋友，你会对你朋友说出你真实的感受吗？(Suppose)
_____________________________________________________________________
二、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共45.0分）
5.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不
多于3个单词）。（请将答案写在答题卡上）
Diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, if you eat the right food and exercise (1) (regular), you can feel better, look better and have more energy. So
healthy eating along (2) regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.
As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy (3) needs. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water. (4) (drink) enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.
Exercise is something (5) can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy.
Teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. Walking and riding your bike count, and (6) do school sports. When you exercise, your body
produces (7) (chemical) that make you feel peaceful and (8) (relax) and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. A good amount of sleep every night (9) (be) also important for your health. Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night.
If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much (10) (good) in no time at all!
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
（5）
（6）
（7）
（8）
（9）
（10）
6.I'm not sure (1) is more frightened，me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly
appears out of nowhere．I' m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African
Republic．Unexpectedly，I'm face﹣to﹣face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at (2) top of her lungs．That makes her baby scream，and then a 400﹣pound male
appears．He screams the (3) （loud ）of all．The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to
avoid (4) （look）directly into his eyes so he doesn′t feel (5) （challenge）．
My name is Mireya Mayor．I'm a (6) （science）who studies animals such as apes and monkeys．I was searching (7) these three western lowland gorillas I'd been
observing．No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried．
When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (8) （they）alive．True to gorilla′s unaggressive nature，the huge animal (9) （mean）no real harm．He was just saying：" I'm king of this forest，and here is your reminder! "Once his message was delivered，he allowed me (10) （stay）and watch．
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
7.阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个
适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Nearly 800 new pupils ofLianhua Elementary School in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is reported (1) (receive) a unique gift: an admission letter (2) their names are written by teachers using Chinese writing brush. (3) (similar), Nanjing Normal
University has been sending their freshmen calligraphy（书法）admission for eleven years. Several former professors in (4) 70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.
It is believed in China that “handwriting is the man,”(5) (mean) good handwriting can not only cultivate one’s temperament (气质), but can also reflect one’s literacy and
character. At present, (6) (tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory
lesson in many Chinese primary and middle schools, which aims (7) (improve)
students’ cultural competence（能力）. At the same time, parents are attaching great importance (8) children’s calligraphy practice. It is fair to say that calligraphy is not left out in today’s fast-paced society; (9) , its incomparable value is standing out.
The charm of Chinese culture embodied in calligraphy can always strike a chord with（引起共鸣）writers and (10) (view). Do you have any interest in learning it?
三、单选题（本大题共26小题，共26.0分）
8.With his attention ______on the computer games, he failed in the exam, _____made his
parents disappointed.
A. concentrating, which
B. concentrating, that
C. concentrated, which
D. concentrated, as
9._______ is known to us, the dragon stands for China ______the bear symbolizes Russia.
A. It; but
B. As; while
C. What; while
D. It; when
10.She said that the building would be finished by October, _________ I doubt very much.
A. who
B. when
C. that
D. which
11.I disagree with the facts ___________ your argument is based．
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. on which
12.The story happened on a day ___the weather was wet and cold.
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. who
13.You should have known waiting for you in the rain _______ more than one student, along
with the only one of the teachers who _____ to take part in the concert.
A. are, is
B. was, was
C. were, was
D. was, were
14.Is this chicken farm ____________we visited three years ago?
A. in which
B. where
C. the one
D. /
15._______ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _______ life was hard in the past, still
works hard in his eighties.
A. As; whose
B. It; whose
C. As; whom
D. It; whom
16.The Chinese general said in an interview that the PLA would do all _______ they can to
protect every inch of our territory (领土).
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. as
17.Generally, people with plans can catch chances more easily than ______ who don’t get
prepared in advance.
A. ones
B. these
C. some
D. those
18. A football fan（球迷）is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that
B. something that
C. a person who
D. what
19.The farm ______ we see today is no longer the one ______ it was ten years ago.
A. which; which
B. where; that
C. where; what
D. that; that
20.Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting
line.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
21.There is a tall tree outside, _________ stands our teacher.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. in which
22.What can guarantee the stability of the Chinese economy are the two factors: the increase
of investment abroad and the response of the consumer market, __________ have worked well so far.
A. either of which
B. all of whom
C. both of which
D. each of whom
23.Never before ______ such a thrilling game ______ you can experience life-and-death
events one after another.
A. have I played; that
B. had I played; that
C. had I played; where
D. have I played; where
24.She doesn’t like __________ he says to his parents..
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
25.It is reported that a number of buildings, _____ are being built in my hometown, will be
finished next year.
A. that of some
B. which some
C. some of them
D. some of which
26.He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, _______ that had the best colour.
A. that
B. ones
C. those
D. one
27.President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation, _____ both China and the UK
will benefit a lot in economic and social development.
A. one where
B. one
C. which
D. the one in which
28.Mr. White is a kind and selfless professor, __________ cares more for others than for
himself.
A. the one
B. the one who
C. one who
D. one
29.The Literature Salon creates a platform ____many literature lovers think can provide a
chance for them to share their thoughts.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. who
30. A number of audience were present in the registration center in the morning, the number
of ________ was 300; ________, the host had forgotten to arrange temporary
accommodations.
A. who; therefore
B. whom; nevertheless
C. what; besides
D. which; rather
31.We will call on the man____ we think can speak very good English.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which
32.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children ____some
worry is changing the very nature of childhood.
A. why
B. which
C. who
D. where
33.The law must be strictly observed and ________ breaks it shall be punished.
A. those
B. anyone who
C. anyone
D. those who
答案和解析
1.【答案】(1)the stranger；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。
(2)the boy；whom；（praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(3)fruit trees；which；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见到。
(4)the gold medal；which；（won的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
(5)the woman；that；（about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
(6)the report；that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
(7)the person；whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。
(8)the house；whose；（window的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗户大很多的房子里。
【解析】
(1)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the stranger，关系代词是who，在从句中作主语。故填：the stranger；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。
(2)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the boy，关系代词是whom，在从句中作宾语。故填：the boy；whom；（praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
(3)分子句子结构，可知先行词是fruit trees，关系代词是which，在从句中作主语。故填：fruit trees；which；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见到。
(4)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the gold medal，关系代词是which，在从句中作宾语。故填：the gold medal；which；（won的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
(5)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the woman，关系代词是that，在从句中作宾语。故填：the woman；that；（about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺
得一枚金牌。
(6)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the report，关系代词是that，在从句中作主语。故填：the report；that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。(7)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the person，关系代词是whose，在从句中作
定语。故填：the person；whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。
(8)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the house，关系代词是whose，在从句中作定语。故填：the house；whose；（window的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗
户大很多的房子里。
2.【答案】John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet. 【解析】
want to do sth.想要做某事，动词短语；give sb. sth.给某人某物，动词短语，在这里用不定式作want的宾语；as a reward作为回报，介词短语；who had found his wallet.捡到他钱包的，限制性定语从句，who在定语从句中充当主语，表示人，出租司机the taxi driver 是被修饰的部分，也就是先行词，故译为ohn wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet。
3.【答案】I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams). 【解析】
分析句意，此句应用一般现在时。我I，主格，高度评价......think highly of...，those那些，指示代词，后面接限制性定语从句，先行词those，所以应用关系
代词who，努力work hard，固定短语，实现他们的梦想achieve their dreams （achieve for their dreams），固定短语。故答案是I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams)。
4.【答案】Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how you feel?
【解析】
根据汉语意思可知，假设suppose；后面加一个宾语从句，your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend；接了一个定语从句who 有don't like；你真实的感受how 有feel，故译为Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how you feel?
5.【答案】1.regularly
2.with
3.it
4.Drinking
5.that
6.so
7.chemicals
8.relaxed
9.is
10.better
【解析】
1.考查单词成分。句意：如果你能吃正确的食物并且有规律地运动。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。故填regularly。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：所以健康的饮食和规律的锻炼可能是身体健康的唯一途径。”along with：与......，同......一道“为固定搭配。故填with。
3.考查指示代词。句意：给身体提供所需的能量是很重要的。此处为一个定语从句，引导词that在从句中作宾语可以省略，句子缺乏主语，用it代指前面提到的your body。故填it。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：饮用足量的水可以提高你的肤质并且给你健康的头发。此处用动名词短语做主语。故填Drinking。
5.考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：运动可以帮助你看起来很好，感觉良好，身体健康。在定语从句中，若先行词为不定代词，应使用引导词that。故填that。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：步行和骑自行车计数，学校体育也是如此。so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+名词/代词，表示......也一样。此处表示校园运动也和散步
和骑自行车一样有助于身体健康。故填so。
7.考查名词形式。句意：你的身体生产出化学物质。根据句意，可知应该用复
数形式。故填chemicals。
8.考查动词形式。句意：放松，提高你学习的能力。此处描述人的主观感受，应使用-ed形式。故填relaxed。
9.考查主谓一致。句意：每天晚上大量的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。主语是sleep，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，文章时态为一般现在时，故填is。
10.考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你将在任何时候看起
来和感觉很好。much修饰比较级。故填better。
6.【答案】【小题1】
which
【小题2】
the
【小题3】
loudest
【小题4】
looking
【小题5】
challenged
【小题6】
scientist
【小题7】
for
【小题8】
them
【小题9】
meant
【小题10】
to stay
【解析】
此处表示我不确定哪一个更加害怕。考查宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"哪一个"。故填which。
at the top of固定短语，在…...的顶端。故填the。
考查最高级，后面有表示范围的词of all，所以用最高级。故填 loudest。avoid doing sth.固定短语，避免做某事。故填looking。
feel后面加形容词，作表语，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。故填challenged。
考查名词，后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人。故填scientist。
search for固定短语，寻找。故填for。
find后面用人称代词宾格，作宾语，故填them。
根据前后句可知，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。故填meant。
allow sb. to do sth.固定句型，允许某人做某事。故填to stay。
7.【答案】1.to have received
2.where
3.Similarly
4.their
5.meaning
6.traditional
7.to improve
8.to
9.instead
10.viewers
【解析】
略
8.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：所有的注意力都放在了电脑游戏上，他考试没能及格；这让他的父母非常失望。with+宾语+宾语补足语, 由句子成分分析可知，这里的concentrate和his attention之间是被动关系，故用过去分词concentrated; 他因玩游戏而考试不及格这件事让父母非常失望，可知，前面整个主句做了后面句子的主语，在非限制性定语从句中，整个主句做主语放前面，用which; 故选C。
9.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：众所周知，龙代表中国，而熊象征俄罗斯。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，while表对比，故选B。
10.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：她说，这栋建筑将在10月前完工，我对此表示怀疑。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容，从句中缺少宾语，只能用关系代词，而that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who只能指人，when是关系副词，故选D。
11.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：我不同意你的论点所基于的论据。本句是介词+which构成的定语从句，be based on以……为基础，固定搭配。故选D。
12.【答案】A
【解析】
考察定语从句，句意：故事发生在天气潮湿寒冷的一天。定语从句，先行词为
a day，在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when。故选A。
13.【答案】B
【解析】
本句意为“你本应该知道不止一个学生和老师在雨中等着你。”首先，这个句
子是个虚拟语气。“你本应该知道……”其实你不知道，是对过去的虚拟。其次，从句部分是倒装结构，如果不倒装就是：More than one student, together with all the teachers, was waiting for you in the rain.主语为more than one student；第二空one前面有the only等词修饰，则one of the teachers的语义重心转移到了one 上面，one就成了先行词，相应地，who的谓语动词应用单数。故选B。
14.【答案】C
【解析】
句意为：这是我们三年前参观过的鸡场吗？这是一个定语从句，且从句中缺
少visited的宾语，用the one代替，然后省略了that或者which；A和B都是做状语。故选C。
15.【答案】D
【解析】
从句子结构看第一个从句应该是主语从句，分析成分，知从句中缺主语，而
既能作主语又能引导主语从句的是what, 所以答案为D项。第二个从句为whom引导的定语从句，还原后应为life was hard in the past for the old scientist, 不能用whose。故选D。
16.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：这位中国将军在一次采访中说，解放军将竭尽所能保护我们领土的每一寸。从句子结构可知，限制性定语从句的先行词是不定代词all，在从句中作宾语，要用关系代词that，不用which，故选B。
17.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：一般来说，有计划的人比没有提前做好准备的人更容易抓住机会。those 指代前面的people，those who是固定搭配，意思是……的那些人，故选D。
18.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：足球迷是一个对足球有浓厚兴趣的人。根据句意，球迷是人，A、B、D
三项都指的是物，用a person代指a football fan,who在从句中作主语，故选C。
19.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：我们今天所看到的农场已经不是十年前的农场了。本题考察定语从句的先行词；第一个空的先行词代指the farm，在句中作宾语，排除BC；第二个空the one后必须接that作为先行词，排除A。故选D。
20.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其它国家在同样起点的领域。分析句子可知，此处是限制性定语从句，先行词是an area（此处area为抽象地点概念），并且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。根据句意，故选B。
21.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：有一棵高高的树在外面，我们的老师就站在那里。从逗号前主谓宾完整和选项可推知这一题考察非限定性定语从句。从句意判断先行词为outside，为地点状语。且横线后句主谓倒装可知从句中横线部分引导词也应是一个地点状语。综上，应选指代地点的where，而其它选项都不指代地点，故选C。
22.【答案】C
【解析】
句意为：能保证中国经济稳定的两个因素：海外投资的增加和消费市场的响应，到目前为止这两个一直进展得很好。此题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，所以排除BD；either两者中的任何一个；both两者都，故选C。
23.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：我从来没有玩过这样惊险的游戏，在那里你可以经历一个又一个的生死事件。never否定副词放在句首，主句用部分倒装，由语境可知是用现在完成时，game是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，选where，故选D。
24.【答案】A
【解析】
句意：她不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。考查the way后面的定语从句。关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于"用这种方式 / 方法（=in this way）"时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用that，在较正式的文体里才用in which 来引导，再如：Do it the way you were taught.要照教你的那样做。故选A。
25.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：据报道，在我的家乡正在修建的许多建筑将在明年完工。句中包含了非限制性定语从句，先行词是building用which引导，短语some of放在引导词前面，故选D。
26.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：他建议农民选择最好的种子，那些颜色最好的种子。此处用those表示特指，指代名词复数seed-heads，those做定语从句的先行词，故选C。
27.【答案】A
【解析】
略
28.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：怀特先生是一个善良和无私的教授。一个关心别胜过自己的人。one是同位语，表示泛指，同时做定语从句的先行词；定语从句的引导词who代替先行词one在从句中作主语，故填C。
29.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：文学沙龙创造了一个平台，许多文学爱好者认为这可以提供一个机会来分享他们的想法。a platform是先行词，指物，定语从句中can前缺主语。故选B。
30.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：上午许多观众出席注册中心，人数是30，然而，主人忘记安排临时的住宿。本句是一个定语从句，由前一句可知，whom指代修饰先行词audience，nevertheless尽管如此，故选B。
31.【答案】A
【解析】
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们将拜访那个我们认为英语说得很好的人。本题考查定语从句，本句的先行词是the man，____ we think can speak very good English是定语从句，we think是插入语，去掉不影响句子结构，从句缺少主语，应用指人的关系代词。A.who指人，做主语和宾语；B.whom指人，做宾语；C.what代词，引导名词性从句；D.which关系代词，指物。故选A。
32.【答案】B
【解析】
略
33.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：法律必须被严格遵守，任何违背法律的人都会受到惩罚的。在本句中anyone who = whoever,who引导的定语从句修饰anyone ,故选B。
where定语从句特殊用法
Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点 1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly. A.which B.as C.why D.where 2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car. A.which B.as C.why D.where 两道题都选where ，但是case, situation 都不是地点，如何理解？ 在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下，如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说，关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。 用Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解，当where引导定语从句时，它的先行词就是表示地点的名词，但事实并不是我
们想象的那么简单。很多情况下，where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句： 1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other. 请记住，最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。 点评：这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one，也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词，但此处却用了where来引导，where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看，定语从句不缺主语和宾语，引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。 2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生：利益重大， 而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2．关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 （1）which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气，众所周知，是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用which；当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时，用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违，这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3．引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了
(完整版)从句连接词判断方法
从句就相当于一个形容词， 而且从句前面一定有一个先行词， 从句必有缺少的成分（主语，宾语，状语）。 如果先行词在从句做主语，则用which / that / who(人) 如果先行词在从句做宾语，则用which/ that/ who(人) /whom(人)或者不填引导词 如果先行词在从句做状语，时间用when，地点用where。 定语从句及相关术语： 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 先行词：被限制或修饰的主句的主语。 （一）限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
as引导定语从句的用法
as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
定语从句特殊情况
定语从句中只用that不用as的情况 【观察】 1. Is there anything（that） I can do for you in town? 2. All the books that have selected are useful ones. 3. The first thing（that） we should do is to work out the plan. 4. This is one of the most exciting table tennis games that I have ever seen. 5. The last place that we visited in the countryside was a farm. 6. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 7. Who that has seen the film doesn’t like it? 8. I’ll never forget the Sunday（that） my baby was born. 9. This is the way that my father did this work. 【归纳】限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如：Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me. After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 7. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： She admired the way （that） they solved the questions. 【歌诀】从句前有“不定式”， 先行词前有only, when， some, any, the very在， 或有“高”、“序”去替代， 只用that来安排。 【小试】用适当的关系词完成下列句子。 1. The only book I want to read is missing.
where引导的定语从句的先行词
where在定语从句中引导的先行词 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an a dverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position
限制性非限制性定语从句详解+练习(附答案)
定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一．词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例 如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不 能省略。例如：
定语从句最全面的知识点整理
定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词和关系副词的作用： 先行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。 如：China is a country which / that has a large population. The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite. 先行词指人时，关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。如： The man who is mending the machine has been retired. This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday. I like the girl whose mother is an actor. 注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。 先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn't understand the words all that he said. 2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to . 行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road. 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need. A. who he B. whose C. / D. who 解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。应选D 。 The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that 解析：先行词前有序数词，最高级时，引导次只能用that. 应选D. This is the only one of these books that ______worth reading. A．has B. have C. is D. are 解析：引导词that在句中作主语，代指one ，应选C。 The man ______ talked to you just now is my father. A. who B. he C. which D. whose 解析：引导词在句中作主语指人，应选A. They thought too much about ______. A. which I had said B. what I had said C. that I had said D. I had said 解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应选B。 一、选择最佳答案填空： 1．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. That's all ______ I have seen and heard.
训练13定语从句特殊先行词
训练13定语从句先行词特殊的用法 定语从句是高中英语教学的重点、难点，又是高考考查的热点。仔细研究近年各地高考试题，不难发现命题者往往借助于定语从句先行词的特殊用法，巧妙考查考生在特定语境中对定语从句关系词的选择。现举数例分析如下： 1.(2006山东)We’re just trying to reach a point_______both sides wi ll sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是point，此处表示抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应填where。如果考生只知道point表示“点、分数”，不熟悉其可以表示抽象地点，极易造成误选。 2.(2005上海)If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【解析】本题的先行词并不是我们常见的表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area），而是chairs。命题者正是通过这一点迷惑考生，使考生误选that或which。本题的句意是：“商店如果有椅子，女士们可以让男士们坐在椅子上”，即women can park their men in/on the chairs,所选关系词在定语从句中应该作地点状语，故选D。 3.(2004湖南)I work in a business______almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 【解析】先行词是表地点的a business（商业机构，公司），从句中的谓语动词is waiting for后有宾语 a great chance，所以需要填where或in which，故选C。 4.(2003上海)I can think of many cases_______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but c ouldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 【解析】本题中的先行词是表示抽象地点的cases（实例，情况），定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where或in which，故选D。 5.(2003北京春季)We are living in an age_______many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 【解析】本题的先行词是an age，表示“时代、年代”，从句是被动语态，句子结构是完整的，故选D。 6.(2005广东)Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 【解析】本题的先行词是scenes，表示“场景”的意思。句意为“在那些场景中，人被老虎吃掉”，即in the scenes people were eaten by the tiger，故选A。 7.（2004全国II）There were dirty marks on her trousers_____she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是trousers，从句缺少状语，不缺主语和宾语，所以用关系副词引导定语从句。句意为“在她擦手的裤子上有污迹”。 8.(2001上海)He has got himself into a dangerous situation________he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词为situation，意为“境况”，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。句意为“他陷入飞机很可能失去控制的危险境地”。 由此可见，考生做这类单选试题时应该注意的是：表面上备选项都有that或which，但实际上都要填
定语从句分类详解
定语从句 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句 （一）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号割开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如： I want this man, who (=for he) can speak English. He gave up the plan, which (=though it) was a very good one. I met John, who (=and he) told me the news. I will take this one, which (=for it) seems to be the best one. He has two sons, who work in the same pany. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same pany. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.) (二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法 1、关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略； 2、Who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替 换； 3、介词+which/whom+从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面； 4、when, where可用于非限制性定语从句。 二、关系代词的用法 （一）关系代词的作用和分类 1、关系代词的作用有三个： （1）连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来； （2）替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词； （3）成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。 2、关系代词的用法分类 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据： （1）根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性； （2）根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物； （3）根据它在从句中所充当的成分----主语、宾语、表语或者定语。 （二）关系代词that和which的用法 1、限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况： （1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one时。如：
最新英语定语从句题20套(带答案)
最新英语定语从句题20套(带答案) 一、定语从句 1．There will be a stamp show in the museum ______ we visited last week. A．who B．when C．which D．what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我们上周参观的博物馆将有一场邮票展览。 关系代词的用法。who的先行词是人；when的先行词是时间名词，在从句中作状语；what不能引导定语从句，此处先行词是museum，是事物，应该用关系代词which替代museum，在从句中作visit的宾语，故选C。 2．When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_________ a group of people have in common. A．what B．who C．where D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。逗号后面的句中是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是 life，表示“物”，用引导词 that，在从句中做宾语。what 不能引导定语从句。先行词是“人”，引导词常用 who。where 在定语从句中做地点状语。故选D。 【点睛】 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。 3．The only language ____ is easy to learn is mother tongue． A．which B．that C．/ D．it 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：唯一的容易学的语言就是母语。先行词language在定语从句中作主语，由于它前面有修饰语only，所以只能用关系代词that，不能用which，因此选B。 考点：考查定语从句。 4．I will never forget the people and the things_______ I saw on the Great Wall. A．who B．which C．whom D．that
非限制性定语从句的引导词
、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物，在句中作时间状语用when： The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.（第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。） 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词＋whom；先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词＋which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系，所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句，常与such连用： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意：the same that+从句，意思是：正是那一个人或物；the same as+从句，意思是：就像某个人或物： He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)
定语从句中引导词的特殊用法
一 先行词指物的特殊情况： 一．必须用that的情况： 1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时， eg. This is the first job that I have taken up. This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是all little much 时， eg. There is something that I want to tell you. 3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时， eg. I have read all the books that you lent me. 4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时, eg. This is the only method we can use. 5. 先行词又有人又有物时， eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school. 6. 主句以who 或which开头时， eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ? 二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况 1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。2，当关系词前有介词时。例如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。 3，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。 4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如： Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。5、先行词为that时。例如： The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。 三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况 1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
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