英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题2及答案
试题二
第一部分选择题
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）
1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example
A. lewd → ignoran t
B. silly → foolish
C. last → pleasure
D. knave → boy
2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:
A. humour
B. sarcasm
C. ridicule
D. all the above
3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.
A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation
B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation
C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation
D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.
A. synecdoche
B. metonymy
C. substitution
D. metaphor
5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.
A. adjectives
B. attributes
C. modifiers
D. words
6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.
A. vocabulary
B. grammar
C. semantic pattern
D. syntactic structure
7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .
A. addition
B. replacement
C. position-shifting
D. variation
8. The word "laconic" is _____.
A. onomatopoeically motivated
B. morphologically motivated
C. semantically motivated
D. etymologically motivated
9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.
A. clear grammar codes
B. language notes
C. usage notes
D. extra columns
10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?
A. Dorm
B. motel
C. Gent
D. Zoo
11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.
A. 30,000 to 40,000
B. 50,000 to 60,000
C. 70,000 to 80,000
D. 80,000 to 90,000
12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.
A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Affixes
D. Compounds
13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.
A. Dutch origin
B. Danish origin
C. Latin origin
D. Greek origin
14. A word is a symbol that _____ .
A. is used by the same speech community
B. represents something else in the world
C. is both simple and complex in nature
D.shows different ideas in different sounds
15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.
A. are complex words.
B. are technical words
C. refer to the commonest things in life.
D. denote the most important concepts.
第二部分非选择题
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）
16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.
17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.
18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.
19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.
20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）
A B
21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish
22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl
23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated
24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state
25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond
26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated
27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)
28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)
29. extension ( ) I. part of speech
30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）
31. heart and soul ( )
32. father—male parent ( )
33. mother—female parent ( )
34. city-bred ( )
35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )
36. headache ( )
37. antecedent ( )
38. preview ( )
39. receive ( )
40. called ( )
V. Define the following terms（10％）
41. specialized dictionary
42. collocative meaning
43. transfer
44. morpheme
45. old English
VI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）
46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.
47. What is dismembering?
48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）
49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.
Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.
50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)
The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.
参考答案
第一部分选择题
I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C
第二部分非选择题
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
16. stylistic
17.monolingual
18.semantic opposition
19. degradation 或pejoration
20.productivity and collocability
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)
21. I
22. C
23. F
24. B
25. E
26. D
27. J
28. G
29. H
30. A
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)
31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature
32. conceptual meaning
33. conceptual meaning
34. n+v-ed
35. backformation
36. n+v
37. bound root
38. prefix
39. bound root
40. inflectional affix/morpheme
V. Define the following terms.(10%)
41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)
42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)
43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.
44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.
45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.
VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)
46. 要点：Radiation Concatenation
i) primary meaning i) first sense
ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接
iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象
47. 要点：
（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）
（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）
（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）
注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）
48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:
pretty handsome
VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)
49. 答案要点
1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)
3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)
50.要点：
（1）it is ambiguous（2分）
（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）
（3）stop drinking can be understood as
1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)
2）police stop people drinking (1分)
（4）improvement（3分）
1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.
2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.
微观第1-2章习题(含答案)
第一章复习题 一、名词解释 1、微观经济学 2、生产可能性曲线 3、机会成本 二、选择题 1．经济问题本质上是决定如何去最好的使用（）。 A.几乎无限的资源来满足无限的欲望 B.有限的资源来满足无限的欲望 C.无限的资源来满足有限的欲望 D.有限的资源来满足有限的欲望 2.经济学可定义为（）。 A．政府对市场制度的干预 B.企业赚取利润的活动 C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题 D.个人的生财之道 3.学习经济学（） A．帮助一个人变成一个见多识广的市民 B.对一个人成为好市民是有害的，因为经济学强调利己主义 C.是浪费时间，因为无论我们是否懂经济，我们都参与其中 D.很重要，因为经济学是“赚钱的科学”。 4.学习经济学（） A．对一个人成为好市民是有害的，因为经济学强调利己主义 B.对雇主是有帮助的，但对工人和消费者是无用的 C.很重要，因为经济学是“赚钱的科学” d.帮助学生提高分析技巧，这在工作中是很需要的 5. 对经济学的研究（） A．与管理、营销以及金融相似，因为它强调如何赚钱 B.对企业有帮助，但对做出个人购买决策没有明显帮助 C.主要是学术的，而不是职业科目 D．从一个人自己的经济来源角度着眼经济，而不是从社会利益角度 6.对经济学的研究主要关注 A．防止私有公司亏损 B.证明社会主义经济优于资本主义经济 C.在有效使用稀缺资源时所做的选择 D．决定对社会产品的最公平的分配 7．“资源是稀缺的”是指（） A．资源是不可再生的 B.资源必须留给下一代 C.资源终将被耗费殆尽 D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的 8.失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上，可记为（）。 A．生产可能性曲线内的一点 B.生产可能性曲线上的一点 C.生产可能性曲线以外的一点 D.不在该平面直角坐标系上 9.下列哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线的外移？（） A．股市持续走强 B.通货膨胀 C.有用资源被发掘或技术进步 D.消费品生产增加,资本品生产下降 10.一个经济体系必须作出的基本选择是（）。 A．生产什么，生产多少 B.如何生产 C.为谁生产 D.以上都包括
00832英语词汇学1107全国试题
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
(完整版)全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案
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微机原理及应用-第2章-习题及答案
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英语词汇学考试重点整理
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
(完整版)英语词汇学试题
英语词汇学试题 Introduction and Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1） I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct. A. word B. form C. morpheme D. root 2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. A. Semantics B. Linguistics C. Etymology D. Stylistics 3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes. A. Greek B. Roman C. Italian D. Germanic 4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic 5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects A. situation B. context C. time D. place 6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference. A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic 7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. A. technical B. artistic C. different D. academic 8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves. A. Slang B. Jargon C. Dialectal words D. Argot 9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. A. Jargon B. Argot C. Dialectal words D. Slang 10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new
第二章习题及答案
第二章习题及答案
化工原理练习题 五.计算题 1. 密度为1200kg.m的盐水，以25m3.h-1的流量流过内径为75mm的无缝钢管。两液面间的垂直距离为25m，钢管总长为120m，管件、阀门等的局部阻力为钢管阻力的25％。试求泵的轴功率。假设：（1）摩擦系数λ＝0.03；（2）泵的效率η＝0.6 1.答案***** Z1＋ｕ2/2ｇ＋P1/ρｇ＋He＝Z2＋ｕ2/2ｇ＋P2/ρg+∑H f Z＝0，Z＝25m，ｕ≈0，ｕ≈0，P ＝P ∴H＝Z＋∑H＝25＋∑H ∑H＝（λ×ｌ/d×ｕ/2ｇ）×1.25 ｕ＝Ｖ/A＝25/（3600×0.785×（0.07 5）） ＝1.573m.s ∑H＝（0.03×120/0.075×1.573/（2×9.81）×1.25 ＝7.567m盐水柱 H＝25＋7.567＝32.567m N＝Q Hρ/102＝25×32.567×120 0/
（3600×102） ＝2.66kw N轴＝N/η＝2.66/0.6＝4.43kw 2.(16分) 如图的输水系统。已知管内径为d=50mm, 在阀门全开时输送系统的Σ(l+le ) =50m,摩擦系数可取λ=0.03,泵的性能曲线,在流量为6 m3.h-1至15 m3.h-1范围内可用下式描述: H=18.92-0.82Q2.，此处H为泵的扬程m,Q为 泵的流量m3.h-1,问: (1)如要求流量为10 m3.h-1，单位质量的水所需外加功为多少? 单位重量的水所需外加功为多少?此泵能否完成任务? (2)如要求输送量减至8 m3.h-1 (通过关小阀门来达到)，泵的轴功率减少百分之多少?(设泵的效率变化忽略不计) 答案***** ⑴u=10/(3600×0.785×0.05)=1.415[m.s-1] Σhf =λ[Σ(l+le )/d](u2/2)
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(?x) (P(x)∧L(x,pragramming)→L(x, computer)) 2 请对下列命题分别写出它们的语义网络： (1) 每个学生都有一台计算机。 解： (2) 高老师从3月到7月给计算机系学生讲《计算机网络》课。 解： (3) 学习班的学员有男、有女、有研究生、有本科生。 解：参例2.14 (4) 创新公司在科海大街56号，刘洋是该公司的经理，他32岁、硕士学位。 解：参例2.10 (5) 红队与蓝队进行足球比赛，最后以3：2的比分结束。 解：
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