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句子结构与成分易错点汇总及练习测试题

句子结构与成分易错点汇总及练习测试题
句子结构与成分易错点汇总及练习测试题

句子结构与成分易错点汇总及练习测试题

一、句子结构与成分

1.Could we meet at the school gate at 8 a.m.?(选出主语)

A. we

B. meet

C. the school gate

D. 8 a.m.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们能在学校门口早上八点钟见吗?句子的主语通常在谓语的前面,是谓语动词陈述的对象,可知此句的主语明显是we,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子的成分。根据句子的结构和划线部分在句子的位置确定找出的成分是什么。

2.—What an interesting story she told us!

—Yes, and her voice sounded ________.

A. sweet

B. small

C. clearly

D. sadly

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。

【点评】考查系表结构。

3.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.

A. has; has

B. with; in

C. has; wears

D. with; wears

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误,B选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词,with具有,with black hair留着黑头发,介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着,谓语动词,根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构,故选D。

【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。注意句子的成分和句子的结构。

4.Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up.

A. for being

B. to being

C. to be

D. be

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表语,故选C。

【点评】考查to do不定式做表语。

5.Gina's books _______ in the room.

A. is everywhere

B. are everywhere

C. is at everywhere

D. are at everywhere 【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:Gina的书在房间里到处都是。主语是Gina's books,复数,用are,everywhere是一个副词,前面不需要用介词,故选B。

【点评】考查主系表结构。牢记主谓一致,并注意everywhere的用法。

6.______ cold in winter in Liaocheng.

A. It

B. Its

C. It's

D. it's

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:聊城的冬天是寒冷的。A.它;B.它的;C.它是;D.它是。根据句子可知缺少主语和谓语,排除A、B。句首单词首字母大写,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记,理解句意。

7.He ________ several months every year.

A. travels with

B. travels in

C. travels for

D. traveled

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:他每年在外旅游好几个月。由every year可知为一般现在时。简单句,主语+不及物动词,travel,不及物动词,不能直接跟名词作宾语,中间需连接必要的介词,for,主语是he,故用travels,故选C。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

8.I ________ Beijing five year ago.

A. live in

B. lived in

C. lived on

D. has living on

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】句意:五年前我住在北京。根据five year ago可知用一般过去时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,live,不及物动词,住,in,在……地方,故选B。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

9.A band ________ in the park yesterday.

A. playing

B. was playing

C. was played

D. played

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:乐队在公园里演奏。根据yesterday,可知用过去进行时,简单句,主语+不及物动词,play,不及物动词,演奏,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

10.What he ________ does not matter.

A. says

B. saying

C. say

D. said

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意:他讲的没什么关系。简单句,主语+不及物动词,say,不及物动词,讲,故选D。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

11.They ________ take a short rest.

A. stopped to

B. stop

C. stopped

D. stopping

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:他们停下来休息。简单句,主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语,stop,不及物动词,停下来,故选A。

【点评】考查主语+不及物动词,注意句子时态。

12.Which of the following sentences is correct?

A. He came in and sat down.

B. We all like .

C. When we met. He didn't say hello.

D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。

【点评】考查句法知识。

13.He was also famous philosopher. (选出定语)

A. He

B. also

C. famous

D. philosopher

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:他是如此著名的哲学家。定语是来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质和特征的,famous,著名的,形容词,作定语修饰名词philosopher哲学家,故选C。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据要确定的句子成分,分析句子结构,选出正确答案。

14.The sentence structure of "We made a snowman happily." is ________________.

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+P

C. S+V+I0+DO

D. S+V+DO+OC

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:句子“我们快乐地做了个雪人。”的结构是主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。A、主语+谓语+宾语;B、主语+系动词+表语;C、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

D、主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。由分析句子成分可知,We是主语,made是谓语,a snowman是宾语,happily是状语作宾补,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构和成分,注意根据句子来分析结构。

15.What is your new speech on, Mr. Smith?(选出宾语)

A. What

B. your new speech

C. on

D. Mr. Smith

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on 介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。

【点评】此题考查句子成分。根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。

16.Which structure is right?

A. Your father is ill in bed.(S+V)

B. Your friend fell down.(S+V+O)

C. Your team won the match.(S+V+O+OC)

D. He seems ill.(S+V+P)

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:哪个结构是正确的? A is 是系动词,故是主系表结构形式,S+V 表示主谓,B fell 是不及物动词,故是主谓形式,S+V+O 表示主谓宾,C the match是宾语,故是主谓宾形式,S+V+O+O表示主谓双宾,Dseem是系动词,故是主系表形式, S+V+P 表示主系表,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意seem是系动词的用法。

17.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?

A. A friend self is a second.

B. A second is self a friend.

C. A friend is a second self.

D. Self a second is a friend.

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:你可能知道右面所有的单词,但是下列哪个句子是有意义的?second,第二个;friend,朋友;self,你自己;a,不定冠词表示数量一;C为正确选项,意为:朋友是另一个自己。故选C。

【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意,根据语法知识将词连接成句。

18.The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+A

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;

B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;

C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语;talked是谓语;for an hour是状语,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

19.The sentence structure of "I met him at the school gate." is " ".

A. S+V+O

B. S+V+IO+DO

C. S+V+O+A

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:句子"I met him at the school gate."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语;B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;C.主语+宾语+宾语+状语。I是主语;met是谓语;him是宾语;at the school gate是状语,故选C。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。

20.Anna is not my sister. _______ my friend.

A. He

B. He's

C. She

D. She's

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:Anna不是我的姐姐,她是我的朋友。A.他,主格,做主语;B.他是;C.她,主格,做主语;D.她是。根据sister可知是女性,排除A、B。句子缺少主语和谓语,排除C,C选项只有主语,故选D。

【点评】考查代词辨析和句子结构,注意平时识记其用法。

21.Could you please tell me next?

A. how to do

B. how to do it

C. what to do it

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:你告诉接下来怎么做好吗?how to do怎样做,do是及物动词,后需接宾语,而what to do it表达错误,what在此作do的宾语,it多余,故排除C,故选B。

【点评】考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。注意特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构的用法。

22.I go to the movies once a week.

A. 宾语

B. 状语

C. 表语

D. 定语

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:我一周去看一次电影。once a week,一周一次,修饰go to movies,表频率,作状语,故答案选B。

【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到once a week作状语的用法。

23.There are some volunteers in the park.

A. 表语

B. 宾语

C. 主语

D. 定语

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:公园里有一些志愿者。"there be+名词+介词短语"是固定句式,是倒装句,在这个句式中,there be后面的名词是主语,故答案选C。

【点评】考查句子成分。注意句子涉及到there be后的名词作主语的用法。

24.We'd like more students to join the story telling club.

A. 状语

B. 直接宾语

C. 宾语补足语

D. 谓语【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:我们想要更多的学生参加讲故事俱乐部。题干句的主语是We;谓语动词是would like;宾语是more students;句尾的动词不定式短语to join the story telling club是目的状语,故答案选A。

【点评】考查动词不定式。注意句子涉及到动词不定式作目的状语的用法。

25."Those sweet memories of summer days are about quiet streams and trees and shade." The main structure of the sentence is .

A. S+V

B. S+V+DO+OC

C. S+V+IO+DO

D. S+V+P

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:这些关于夏天甜美的记忆主要是宁静的溪流、树和影子。A、S+V=Subject (主语)+Verb (谓语);B、S+V+DO+OC=主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;C、S+V+IO+DO =Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语);D、S+V+P=subject+verb+predicate ,属于主系表结构;该句是主系表结构,主语是: Those sweet memories of summer days,系动词are+表语,即剩下的部分,用于说明主语,故选D。

【点评】考查句子结构,注意主谓宾结构的句子的用法。

二、定语从句

26.__________ wants to go to the park this weekend, raise your hands, please. A.Anyone who B.Those who C.Anyone D.Who

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这个周末想去公园的人请举手。此句考查定语从句。先行词是anyone定语从句中缺少主语,用who引导定语从句,B项错在因为先行词是those,who引导的定

语从句中应该是复数谓语,C项缺少关系代词who,D项who只能表示疑问,“谁”,不符合句意:选A。

考点:考查定语从句。

27.—Who do you like best in the program Where Are We Going,Dad?

—I'll say Jasper.He is such a cute boy __________ can speak English very well.

A.which B.who C.whose

【答案】B

【解析】

句意“-在《爸爸去哪》中,你最喜欢谁?-我会说是陈胤捷,他是一个能把英语说得很好的

聪明的小孩”。根据“n+____+句子”结构可知,本题考查定语从句。A.which指物,在从句中做主语和宾语;B.who指人,在从句中做主语和宾语;C.whose指人或物,在从句中做定语。本题中,先行词the boy指人,且在从句中做主语,故选B。

28.--What do you think of the Sun Island? Is it worth visiting?

--Of course. It’s one of the best places I have ever been to.

A.which B.that C.who

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:你认为Sun Island怎样?它值得参观吗?——当然,它是我去过的最好的地方之一。考察定语从句that的用法。当先行词前边有最高级时,关系词用that。故选B

29.Carla can’t stand the boy ___ often plays jokes on her in front of the whole class. A.which B.who C.what D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:Carla无法忍受那个经常在全班面前取笑她的那个男孩。which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语或宾语;who引导定语从句修饰人,作主语或宾语;what引导名词性从句,作主语或宾语;whom引导定语从句,修饰人,作宾语。此处先行词boy表示人,在定语从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句。故选B。

30.I’d like to tell you the table manners ________ you should know when you visit South Korea this summer holiday.

A.what B.who C.which D.why

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:我想告诉你当你访问韩国时你应该知道的餐桌礼仪。what 什么;Which 哪一个;who谁;why为什么。先行词table manners在定语从句中作宾语,可用关系代词which代替。所以选C。

考点:考查定语从句的连接词。

31.Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_______ has ever traveled in space. A.whom B.which

C.who D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:刘洋是中国第一个曾经在太空旅行过的女宇航员。定语从句用来充当句中定语的结构,被修饰的名词叫先行词,此句的先行词为astronaut。连接主从句的是关系词。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指认又可指

物。whom在定语从句中作宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。此处连接词who做主语,故选C。

考点:考查定语从句的连接词。

32.—Why don't you like fishing?

—Fishing is a hobby____needs much patience,but I'm not patient at all.

A.that B.who C.whom D.Where

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词 hobby (爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that 或which.故选A项。

考点:考查定语从句的用法

33.I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night

A.who B.that C.what D.whom

【答案】B

【解析】

句意:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音。who "谁"指人,在定语从句中作主语;that "那个"指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what "什么"不能引导定语从句,引导名词性从句;whom "谁"指人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少主语,故用代词that。故选B。

34.(河南省2015年中考英语试题)—Why don’t you like fish ing?

—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.

A.who B.that C.it D.what

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心,但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁;that那;it它;what什么。先行词a hobby是物,在定语从句中作主语,可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句,结合选项可知选B。

35.﹣Look!This is the photo I took in Beijing World Gardening Expo(世界园艺博览会)in 2019.

﹣Wow,so great!

A.what B.who C.where D.that

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:—看!这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。

考查定语从句的关系代词,what不用在定语从句中,who先行词为人,在从句中作主语或者宾语,where先行词为地点,在从句中作状语,that先行词为人或物,在从句中做主语

或宾语,the photo为先行词,从句中缺宾语,句意理解为﹣﹣看!这是我2019年在北京

世界园艺博览会上拍的照片.﹣﹣哇,很不错.故选D。

36.All the classmates enjoyed the cake _________I made at the party. It was really delicious. A.that B.who C.what

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。真的很好吃。A. that 关系代词;先行词

是人或物;B. who关系代词,先行词是人;C. what什么,通常不能引导定语从句。I made at the party.是定语从句修饰先行词the cake,在这里是物,用关系词that。根据题意,故选A。

37.This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen.

A.that B.which C.what D.who

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时,引导词应用that。

结合句意和语境可知选A。

点睛:限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况:

当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如:

Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如: Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的

客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如:She is the only person that understands me. 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前

面的那个人是谁?Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间?

当先行词人与物时。如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.

当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如:She admired the way (that) they solved the questions.

38.The boys ____________ from America like China

A.who is B.are C.which is D.who are

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构,可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语,先行词the boys是人,不可用which(用于先行词是物时),需用who引导;the boys是复数人称,系词需用are;根据句意结构,可知选D。

39.The We Chat is an invention can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feelings freely.

A.which B.who C.whose D./

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:微信是可以帮助人们和朋友自由地聊天,分享照片,想法和感觉。这是一个定语从句,先行词是物invention,关系词可以用which或者that,但是先行词在从句做主语,that不可以省略。故选A。

考点:考查定语从句的用法。

40.That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes.

A.that used to wash B.which was used to washing

C.which got used to washing D.that was used to wash

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:那是他的第一个发明。那是一台用来洗衣服的机器。本题考查的是be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”的用法,而不是be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”的用法,排除

B/C;再由That was his first invention.可知,本题是过去时,因此在that引导的定语从句中,应该用一般过去时的被动句。was used to wash被用来洗衣服,语境是:那是一台被用来洗衣服的机器。故选D。

句子结构与成分易错大盘点

外研版英语句子结构与成分易错大盘点 一、句子结构与成分 1.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning? A. A friend self is a second. B. A second is self a friend. C. A friend is a second self. D. Self a second is a friend. 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:你可能知道右面所有的单词,但是下列哪个句子是有意义的?second,第二个;friend,朋友;self,你自己;a,不定冠词表示数量一;C为正确选项,意为:朋友是另一个自己。故选C。 【点评】考查连词成句。先确定句意,根据语法知识将词连接成句。 2.Which of the following sentences is correct? A. He came in and sat down. B. We all like . C. When we met. He didn't say hello. D. We went out, headed for the bus stop. 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。因此选A。 【点评】考查句法知识。 3.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 4.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B

句子成分与结构

句子成分与结构 一、主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语 1、简单谓语 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语 (1)You may keep the book for two weeks. (2)Do you speak English? They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. (3)We are students. 三、表语 1.His job is to teach English. 2.His hobby is playing football. 3. The speech is exciting. 4. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 四、宾语 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think(that)he is fit for his office. 五、宾补 1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 六、定语 1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

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句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品

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(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构

句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.() 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.() 考点4.My watch stopped.() 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. () 考点7.Shall I begin at once?() 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.()() 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?() 考点10.They left last week. () 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如: He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此,助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的: The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?

句子结构及成分

基础知识 目录 1.词性的英文缩写 2.及物动词和不及物动词 3. 实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 4. 句子成分 5. 简单句的五种基本结构 6. 谓语和非谓语 7. 主动关系和被动关系 8. 逻辑上的主谓关系 9. 复合结构 10.简单句、并列句和复合句 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)实义动词后跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语,open是vi)

He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt) 注:动词是及物还是不,关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 (2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,词义相同。 The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> (3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi,但词义不同。 The man walked away. (walk vi,意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash vt,“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash vi,“耐洗”) (4)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物,可能与汉语不同。 He listens to the music every day. (listen为vi,汉语中“听”是vt。) 3.实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 (1)实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。指意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I like reading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。) (2)助动词常见助动词为do, be, have,它们为基本助动词。 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。是帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强 调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。 A.帮助构成时态 The boy is crying.(is帮助构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词。) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时,和arrived一起作谓语,是助动词。) I have been painting all day.(have been帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting一起作谓语,都是助动词。)B.帮助构成否定句和疑问句 Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。) C.帮助构成被动语态 Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词。) The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词。) D.帮助构成虚拟语气 If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词, 属于谓语的一部分) E.帮助构成倒装句

英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

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