2020届高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之必备词汇辨析(十三)

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析（十三）

1、near, nearly

near用作副词时，有nearly（几乎，差不多）的意思，等于almost, 这时候可以通用。不过，往往在表示这一层意思时，人们习惯用nearly，而很少用near,尤其是用来修饰数词时。例如：It is nearly ten o'clock. 差不多十点钟了。Dinner is nearly ready. 晚饭就要好了。I was near (or: nearly) being killed; it was a very near thing. 我几乎丧命，真悬。There are nearly enough people here to do the job. 干这项活，这里人手差不多够了。

near在作形容词时，主要用来表示场所、时间，有“在附近”和“逼近”的意思。例如：Don't go far away; stay somewhere near. 别走远，就在附近呆着。The Spring Festival is drawing near. 春节即将来临。

注意：副词nearly要尽可能靠近它所修饰的那个词或词组，否则，有可能会影响全句的意思。试比较：Our production brigade nearly lost fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在发洪水时几乎损失了五十头牛。（事实上没有损失）Our production brigade lost nearly fifty cattle in the flood. 我们生产队在洪水中损失了差不多五十头牛。（事实上损失了将近五十头）

2、necessary, necessity

necessary作名词用时，尽管与necessity同义，均可表示“必需品”，“必要的东西”的意思，但用法有别。necessary尽管是可数名词，但通常用作复数形式necessaries; necessity可用作可数名词，既可用作单数，也可用作复数，但常见作复数。试比较：These are our necessaries of life. 这些是我们的生活必需品。The shop is selling daily necessaries. 那个商店正在出售日用品。Air is a necessity. 空气是必需品。Good maps are a necessity to travellers. 好的地图是旅行者必不可少的东西。Food, water and clothes are the basic necessities of life. 食物，水和衣服是基本的必需品。

necessity主要用作不可数名词，表示抽象的概念，有“必要性，必然性”的

意思，necessary作名词则没有这些含义。例如：There is no necessity for me to do this. 我没有做这件事的必要。He feels the necessity to have an outing. 他觉得有必要出外游玩一次。

3、near to, next to

near to的意思是“接近，靠近”，指时间、空间及距离上的接近。next to 的意思是“紧靠着”，指位置上的相互紧靠。例如：It's getting near to our Spring Festival. 春节快要到了。The chemical works is built too near to us. 这个化工厂造得离我们太近了。As we got near to the town it began to snow. 当我们快到镇上时，天开始下雪了。The girl came and sat next to me. 这个女孩走过来并坐在我边上。The two cinemas are next to each other. 这两个电影院靠得很近。I don't like wool next to my skin. 我不喜欢直接穿羊毛衫。

next to另可表示“几乎”及“仅次于”，它常用于next to nothing结构，表示“几乎没有”，相当于almost nothing。例如：I knew next to nothing about the matter. 对这件事我几乎一无所知。Next to dancing, I like playing the guitar. 除了跳舞，我最喜欢弹吉它。New York is the largest city next to London. 纽约是仅次于伦敦的最大城市。

4、no more...than, not more...than

no more...than等于not...any more than,意为“同...一样不”，意味着两者都否定。no more后可接名词，形容词，副词或动词；than是从属连词，常引出省略的比较状语从句。两个分句的重点往往在前一个分句，翻译时要把分句的次序颠倒，才能表达出重点来。例如：A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears. 愚人之不能自知其蠢，如同其不能自见其耳。I am no more fond of playing the guitar than he is. 我和他都不喜欢弹吉他。

no more than连用，等于not any more than, 其后多接数词，表示“只不过是，仅仅”的意思，相当于only。例如：There are no more than ten tickets left. 仅剩下十张票。

not more... than等于less...than或not so...as，表示“不及，不如；不

比...更”的意思，意味着两者都肯定，但着重点往往在从句，翻译时按原来顺序译出即可。例如：It goes without saying that this subject is not more important than that one. 毋庸质疑，这个问题不比那个问题更重要。

not more than连用，其后也一般接数词，表示“不超过……，至多（=at most）"的意思。例如：I read not more than twenty pages every day. 我每天最多读二十页书。The reservoir was built by a productive brigade of not more than 200 households. 这个水库是由一个不到二百户人家的生产大队建造的。

5、no one else, no other one

这两个词组都表示“没有别人或别的东西”的意思，两者可以换用。其中的one 均为代名词，指代人或物；else和other均为形容词，不同的是前者作后置形容词，后者作前置形容词。例如：There is no one else (or: no other one) to compare with him in this respect. 在这方面无人能比得上他。No other one(or: no one else) knows about it. 再没有别的人知道这件事。

值得注意的是，else作形容词时，通常用来修饰疑问代词，复合不定代词（如：somebody, anything, anyone等）或者含有数量意义的代名词（如: much, little, all等）。else也可作副词，用来修饰疑问副词或者以where 结尾的复合疑问副词（如：anywhere, nowhere等）。例如：What else did she say?    她还说了什么？It must have been somewhere else. 肯定是在其他什么地方。You should put your honor above all else. 你应当把荣誉放在其他一切之上。Not much else is known. 其他都不清楚。

other作形容词时，只用来修饰名词或者代名词one/ ones, 其位置只能位于所修饰的（代）名词之前。例如：I am studying Maxism-Leninism, mathematics and other subjects. 我正学习马克思列宁主义，数学和其他课程。

注意：else和other均可用来修饰带any, some, a few等的名词。例如：I don't want any books else.(= I don't want any other books.) 我再不需要其他书了。

6、no use, of no use

这两个词组都用在连系动词be的后面作表语，表示“没有用”的意义，两者在

意义上没有什么差别，可以通用，只是它们的语法结构不一样。no use作表语是因为use前面有形容词no的缘故。如果没有形容词no, use则不能单独作表语。不能说This book is use.只能说：This book is of use或者：This book is useful.再例如：This book is (of) no use. 这本书没有用。Complaining is (of) no use. 抱怨是没有用的。

of no use属于“of+抽象名词”结构，这种结构相当于相应的同根形容词。它有肯定形式和否定形式，否定形式一般也是在抽象名词前加形容词no（如of no use）。例如：This reference material is of no use to us. (= This reference material isn't useful to us.) 这种参考资料对我们是没有用的。This medicine is of no use to your cold. 这种药对你的感冒没有用。

注意：以下五句的意思相同，但用法都不一样，请注意它们的区别：

Reading without remembering is no use.

Reading without remembering is of no use.

It is no use reading without remembering.

It is of no use reading without remembering.

There is no use in / of reading without remembering.读而不记是没有用的。

7、none, no one

none主要用作代词。作代词时，可以指人，是“没有什么人”的意思；也可以指物，是“没有什么东西”的意思。none往往受of引起的介词短语的限制，of后可接复数可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式；of后接不可数名词时，其谓语动词只能是单数形式。none of之后的可数名词或代词必须指三个以上的人或者事物。例如：None of the passengers were aware of the danger. 这些旅客中没有人意识到危险性。None of us are interested in the story. 我们都对这个故事不感兴趣。None of the money was ever recorded. 一点钱都没有得到。

no one中的no是形容词，one是代词，常用于口语中，一般用来指人，其含义是“not even one（连一个人也不/没有）”因此它比none的意思要强。no one作

主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如：No one was killed in that battle. 在那次战斗中没有人牺牲。Apart from him, I had no one to talk to. 除了他以外，我没有人可以交谈。

8、now that, only that

这是两个由“连词+that"组成的复合连词，其连词是中心词，that是一个虚词，常可省去。now that本是“副词+that"而构成的复合连词，但由于that可省略，于是now就被认为是连词了。now that引导的是原因状语从句，但它主要是说明一种新的情况，从句与主句的因果关系很小，含有“推论”的意味，因此有的语法学者把它称为“推论条件连词”。此短语一般译为“既然，由于”，相当于since。例如：Now that Jane had gone and left, or as good as left him, it would have been a comfort to see his son. 简既然走了，离开了，或者说几乎是遗弃了他，那么他就可以和儿子见面了，这是多么快慰的事。Now that the weather has improved, we'll be able to enjoy the game. 由于现在天气已经好转，我们将能观赏这场比赛了。

only that主要引导条件状语从句，与except that的意义相同，表示“要不是，除...之外”的意思，从句通常位于主句之后；它有时还可引导目的状语从句，作“只是为了”解。例如：He would probably do well in the examination, only that he gets rather nervous. 要不是他有一点紧张，他可能考得很好。I have nothing against him, only that I dislike his manner. 我除了不喜欢他的态度外，并没有反对他。He often praises others only that he may be praised. 他常常只是为了求得别人的表扬而称赞别人。

9、no tailor, not a tailor

no tailor和not a tailor在句子中充当主语、宾语时，两者均表示“没有一个裁缝”，可以替换用。如下列两句都表示“没有一个裁缝想要接受这份工作”：No tailor wants to take this job.Not a tailor wants to take this job.

当no tailor和not a tailor在句子中用在be动词后，充当表语时，两者意义完全不同。前者表示“不懂裁缝，决不是裁缝”，指某人不具备当裁缝的条件，

是外行，无资格做裁缝；后者“不是个裁缝”，指某人的职业或身份不是裁缝。试比较：Don't ask me to shorten the trousers for you. I'm no tailor. 别叫我为你改短裤子，我不懂裁缝。You're mistaken! He is not a tailor. He has a job as a barber. 你弄错了！他不是个裁缝，他是个理发师。

no加上一个表示职业的名词的例子还有：She is no cook. She will probably get all the food from a restaurant. 她不会做饭，她可能会从餐馆里买来所有的饭菜。This is no joke. I am no judge. 这决不是开玩笑的事，我根本没有审理的资格。

10、noise, sound, voice

noise表示“噪音，喧闹声”，一般指嘈杂，吵闹等令人不快的声音。例如：The noise of the street kept me awake. 街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。The noise of the rain nearly drowned our conversation. 雨声大得几乎超过了我们的谈话声。

sound表示“声音”，含义很广泛，指任何可以听到的声音，包括悦耳及令人不快的声音。例如：All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry. 突然，有了枪响声和哭声。Did you hear the strange sound from the next room this morning? 今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音？

voice表示“嗓音”，一般指人说话，唱歌或笑的声音。例如：The little girl has a beautiful voice. 这个小女孩有一副好嗓子。The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold. 这位歌手由于重感冒而失去了银铃般的嗓音。

11、not to say, not to speak of

这两个短语形似而意义不同。not to say作“虽不能说，即使不能说”解，表示一种让步的口气。not to speak of作“更不用说，更不待言”解，相当于to say nothing of, 用来表示追补意义。例如：It is rather cool, not to say cold. 天气虽不能说冷，但也算是相当凉了。He sounded impolite, not to say rude. 他那样说话，即使不算粗鲁，也是不礼貌的。She knows German and French, not to speak of English. 她懂德文和法文，更不用说英文了。He cannot find money for

bread, not to speak of fish and meat. 他连面包也无钱买，更不用说鱼和肉了。

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高考英语二轮复习策略

高考英语二轮复习策略 高三英语复习在如火如荼的进行着，同学们的复习效果可谓是冰火两重天，有的同学掌握了英语的学习规律，复习的十分轻松，有的同学因为不得法，整天向我抱怨英语难学，有的甚至因为英语的瘸腿而与名牌大学失之交臂，许多家长也对孩子的英语是忧心忡忡。小编的八个必方法供同学们参考。 一、多听老师的，少自作主张 虽然同学们之前经历过很多考试，但高考对于我们来讲还是有些陌生。就算有些学生在高一、高二已经做过高考题，对于自己的知识缺陷到底有哪些，高考的重点是什么也不一定有非常清晰的了解。而高三的英语第一轮复习主要就是从语法和词法两个方面帮助大家梳理知识，并对应试策略加以指导。教高三的教师大都有着非常丰富的高考经验，也都会制定详细的教学计划，因此我们在安排自己的复习内容时要尽量和老师同步，把当天复习的内容彻底搞清楚，并辅以相应的练习加以巩固。遇到不会的，应该第一时间请教老师，千万不要留到最后甚至弃置不管。 二、多用碎时间，少搞大突击 英语学科是非常适合利用零碎时间来学习的。五分钟的时间能干什么?也许别的学科可以安排的复习活动并不多，但是英语却有很多。比如我们可以背单词，可以做一篇速读，

可以朗读一篇文章，可以做若干个单项选择，可以听听力，可以翻看任何英语的杂志、报刊甚至小说等。总而言之，时间是海绵里的水，挤挤总是有的。当然，如果我们要复习一个比较重要的语法项目，或者做一套英语试题的时候，我们也需要相对完整的时间，但基于语言学习的灵活性，同学们要培养语言学习的意识。Learning is anytime, anywhere with anyone。(学习无处不在)有些学生在制定自己的复习计划时，把一个星期中的七天分别给了不同的科目，这样做是不太科学的。正确的做法是每天复习两至三科为宜，而英语虽然持续时间不需要很长，但每天都接触确实十分必要的。A little bit every day makes perfect(点滴铸就完美)。 三、多接触英语，少钻研语法 近几年的高考越来越重视同学们运用英语的能力，逐渐削弱了对于语法的考察。纵观一份高考英语试卷，单纯考察语法的题目几乎没有。善于观察的学生更会发现，即使是在语法聚集的单项选择题中，也是强调语境的理解。此外，还逐渐加大了词义、词语辨析的考察。完形填空的四个选项是没有语法的错误的，考察大家是否能够根据文章的意思，选择用法上最恰当的词。阅读理解更是考察大家对于篇章的理解。当然，语法并不是不重要，有很多重点的项目是需要同学们掌握的。只是提醒大家在复习的时候，要做到从语言的