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江苏省职称英语卫生试卷1

江苏职称英语卫生类考试真题试卷【一】

说明：本试卷共七大题，申报高级职称者全做，满分为120分；申报中级职称者做第一、二、三、四、五、七大题，满分为100分。第六大题申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分【注：高级单独列出】

一、词汇与语法选择（20小题，每小题0.5分。共10分，建议完成时间10分钟）

1.______the difficulties we have come across, we'll go on with the program。尽管我们遇到困难，但是我们将继续进行这个方案。

A. Given 给予

B. In spite of尽管

C. Thanks to 由于

D. Because of因为

2. You will see only the _____ of the trees in the dim light.在昏暗的灯光下,你只会看到树的形状。

A. shadow影子

B. shade阴影

C. shape形状

D. shallow浅层

3. No agreement was reached ____how the construction plan should be carried out.关于应如何开展建设规划，没有达成任何协议。

A. as about大约

B. as that 那个

C. as it is其实

D. as to关于

4. The fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will never occur.事实上,大多数人认为核战争疯狂但并不意味着它永远不会发生。

A. what

B. which

C. that 那个

D. Why

5. We have to try every means to _______ the costs of the production. 我们要千方百计降低生产成本。

A. bring off完成

B. bring forth产生

C. bring down降低

D. bring back带来

6. Only a few people have _____ to the full facts of the accident只有少数几个人能接触到事故的全部事实

A. access进入

B. resort .

C. contact

D. Path

7. The energy______by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.链式反应所释放的能量转化为热量。

A. transferred

B. released释放

C. delivered

D. Conveyed

8. You see the lightning ______it happens, but you hear the thunder later你看到闪电是瞬间发生的,但是你后听到雷声

A. the instant瞬间

B. for an instant

C. on the instant

D. in an instant

9. The aircraft had reached its _____ of about 39,000 feet. 这架飞机已达到约39,000英尺的高空。

A. attitude看法

B. aptitude能力

C. altitude 高度

D. latitude维度

10. The_______ breakdowns of the computer has caused serious delays in our project. 持续的计算机故障已严重的延迟我们的项目。

A. continuous连续不断的

B. continual持续不断的

C. continued 继续

D. continuing继续的

11. Life depends on the_______ between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to cooler surroundings. 寿命取决于收到来自太阳的热量和凉爽的环境损失的热量之间的平衡。

A. relationship关系

B. contrast 对比

C. exchange 交换

D. balance平衡

12. The construction workers ______ the road for three more kilometers. 建筑工人把道路延长了三公里。

A. expanded扩展

B. expended花费

C. extended延长.

D. enlarged扩大

13.The toy train won't start because the battery has _______

因为电池已经耗尽，玩具火车将停止运转。

A. run up 向上跑

B. run over 复查

C. run down停止运转

D. run off跑掉

14.Since he was convinced of the accuracy of the data, he ______ his opinion

15.他坚持他的意见，因为他相信数据的准确性。

A. struck at 攻击

B. strove for争取

C. stuck to坚持

D. stood for代替

15. Grain .production in the world is_______, but still millions of people go hungry. 粮食在世界产量猛增，但仍有成千上万的人们挨饿。

A. staggering巨大的B, shrinking 萎缩C. soaring猛增的 D. suspending暂停

16. Wherever there is matter, there is energy; all changes of matter______ changes in the form of the energy. 哪里有物质,哪里就有能源;要做的事情是改变能量的形式。

A. retain 保留

B. involve牵涉

C. include包含

D. contain含有

17. The water-proof coating will ______quickly or after many years, depending on use and care. 根据使用和护理程度，决定多年后防水涂料将磨损速度。. .

A. be worn磨损的

B. wear away磨损

C. be worn away磨损掉

D. wear broken打碎

18. Science is a cooperative activity, and everyone can _____ something_____ it, if he wishes to do so科学是一个合作的活动，如果他愿意去做,每个人都可以有所贡献。

A. convert …..into 改变

B. contribute... to贡献D. attribute. .. to 归属

C. confine…. to 限制

19. The automatic doors in supermarkets ______the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts. 超市的自动门，方便客户的购物车的进入和退出。

A. promote促进

B. increase提高C improve 改善D. facilitate使便利

20. While nuclear weapons present______dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is with us today虽然核武器存在潜在的危险, 今天和我们在一起主要的危机是人口过剩。

A. inevitable必然的

B. constant不变的

C. overwhelming势不可挡的

D. potential潜在的

二、改错【在A/B/C/D四个选项中，选出一个含有语言错误的选项】（10小题，每小题1分，共10分，建议完成时间10分钟）

1. Generous (pubiic funding) of basic for the country's health, wealth

science would (settle down) (considerate) benefits and (security).

B C D

答案B

本题解析：settle down 定居应该用：lead to 导致，引出，引起（前面是原因，后面是结果）

翻译：基础科学慷慨的公开资助将导致可观的好处为国家的健康、财富和安全

2.The mechanic has a habit of making notes in the back of his

A B

Diary with things to be mended or replaced.

C D

答案C

本题解析：make ofv.用...制造, 了解, 对待, 解释形成,构成

翻译：技工有一个习惯在日记背面做笔记了解被修理或替换的东西

3.The boss spoke highly of such features as loyalty, courage

A B C

and truthfulness shown by his employees.

答案B

本题解析：features产品特点，特征；容貌；嘴脸（feature的复数）应该用characteristic 品质

中文：老板高度赞扬了他的员工展现出来的像诚实、勇敢、忠诚这样的品质

4. Ail the staff have been told that under no circumstances

A B

they could use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

C D

答案C

本题解析：may they use that后面是一个宾语从句。

1)该宾语从句以否定意义的短语under no circumstances开头，则该句子必须使用部分倒装结构。

2）所为部分倒装，类似于变一般疑问句，需要把该句的be动词/助动词/情态动词提前，可以排除BC；

3）根据句子时态，可以排除D（主句并非是一般过去时）。

即宾语从句的正常句序为：

We may use the telephone in the office for personal affairs under no circumstances.

翻译：所有员工已经被告知说，在任何情况下，我们都不可以把办公室内的电话用于私人事务

5. After the lecture, the professor was made answer innumerable

A B

questions on the relevant theorem。

C D

答案 A make answer 做出回答（应去掉was 表被动）

本题解析：讲座结束后，教授回答了无数个关于定力的问题

6.Although I had looked through all the reference material，

A B

I still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation

turned to my confusion.

答案 D

本题解析：turned adj. 被转动的；变质的；车削的v. 使变成（turn的过去式）；转动应该用add to 是增加的意思

尽管他查阅了所有相关资料，但他还是很难理解，而她的解释只增加了他的疑惑。

7.Because of the large emphasis placed on classroom work,

A B

the instructor will report your absence to the adviser.

C D

答案 A

本题解析：应该用strong 是重点的强调large显然不符合

本题主要考查名词和作其修饰语的形容词的搭配。我们通常用strong修饰emphasis表示重视程度，而不说large/hard/high emphasis

翻译："由于学校对课堂表现极为重视，任课老师将把你们的缺席情况汇报给指导教师。

8、It was essential that the application forms must be sent hack

A B C

before the deadline.

答案 C

本题解析：It was essential that +虚拟语气（should do）完整表达是should be sent，其中should 可以省略，

翻译：申请书肯定是在截至之间被退回来的。强调一个事实，表示肯定。只用一般过去时。

9.The speaker, having known for her splendid speeches was

A B

warmly received by the audience.

C D

答案 A

本题解析：这里的known for 是指“因...而出名”,是固定搭配. known是过去分词表示被动

翻译：这个演讲者受到了观众的热烈欢迎，她因为演讲精彩而被人熟知

10.By the end of this month we surely have found a satisfactory

A B C

solution to the problem.

答案 B

本题解析：by the end of 引导的句子，谓语动词常用完成时。will have found 将来完成时翻译：到月底，我们肯定能找到满意的问题解决方法。

三、回答问题（10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

阅读下面短文并完成后面的题目。在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能够回答所提问题的最佳答案。

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences .There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment .Data for many countries, especially low and middle income, countries , are lacking.

虐待儿童是一个全球性问题,它导致严重的终生的后果。全球对虐待儿童普遍程度没有可靠的估计。很多国家,特别是低收入和中等收入国家对数据也缺乏。

Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%-10% of men report being sexually abused when they were children, while 25%-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse【sometimes referred to as psychological abuse.】

虐待儿童是一个复杂和困难的研究课题。目前的估计差别很大取决于国家和方法研究。尽管如此,国际研究显示, 大约20%的女性和5% -10%的男性被性虐待，他们还是孩子的时候,而25% - 50%的儿童自述受到身体虐待。此外,许多儿童正遭受情感虐待【有时被称为心理虐待。】

Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.

This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls , burns and drowning.

每年，大约有3100015岁以下儿童凶杀死亡。这个数字低估了真正的问题的严重程度，很大比例的儿童虐待造成的死亡被错误地归咎于跌落,烧伤和溺水。

Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.

Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development . Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural ,physical and mental health problems .Via the behavioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.

虐待儿童给儿童及家庭造成痛苦,并可能产生长期的后果。虐待会导致精神紧张,这与早期大脑发育受到损害有关。极端的压力会损害发展神经和免疫系统。因此作为成年人, 虐待儿童有更高的风险行为、生理和心理健康问题。通过行为和心理健康后果,虐待会导致心脏疾病,癌症,自杀和性传播感染。

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child, welfare And longer-term health costs.

儿童虐待健康的后果，还有经济影响，包括住院治疗，心理健康治疗费用，儿童，福利和健康的长期成本。

A number of risk factors for maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. 很多虐待的危险因素已经被确认。这些风险因素还未出现在所有的社会和文化背景,但提供一个概述,当试图了解虐待儿童问题产生的原因。

It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.

需要强调的是，孩子是受害者并没有责怪虐待。一些个人特征的儿童可能会增加的被虐待可能性，如是四岁以下或青少年，是不必要的，或没有履行父母的期望和有特殊需要，坚持哭声或有异常的外表特征。

1. According to the passage, the difficult situation in the global estimates of the

child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT_____,

根据短文,在全球的情况下估计虐待儿童困难的，是由于下列因素，除了_____

A. child maltreatment is global problem. 虐待儿童是一个全球性的问题。

B. there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countries并没有确切的数据对低收入和中等收入国家

C. there is a shortage of the professional data collectors 缺乏专业数据收集

D: different scientists use different research methods 不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? 根据课文下列哪个陈述是真实的呢? ,

A．20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood. 20%的女性在童年了受到性虐待。

B. 25%-50% of a ll children were reported to have been physically abused

报道25% - -50%的儿童是在身体受虐待

C .25%-50% of children were psychologically abused, 25% - -50%的儿童心理虐待,

D．60%-75% of children were neglected by their parents. 60% - -75%的儿童被他们的父母所忽视

3. According to the passage, many homicide deaths in children under 15 are

. Wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT ____

根据短文,许多15岁以下儿童被杀害是错误地分为以下类型，除了___

A. Drowning in swimming溺水

B. diarrhea腹泻

C. burns 烧伤 D .falls跌落

4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child？

下列哪个没有提到当坏孩子带来的影响

A: The child will behave badly m his memory of childhood when he grows up. 当他长大，孩子的

表现是他的童年记忆。

B. Child maltreatment hurts his nervous arid immune systems. 虐待儿童伤害他的神经脆弱的免疫系统。

C. Child maltreatment damages his early brain development. 儿童虐待损害他的早期大脑发育。

D. The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood. . 他成年后孩子是容易患许多疾病

5. According to the passage, the maltreated children often bear all the following

Characteristics EXCEPT______________

根据短文, 所有以下特征儿童经常承受虐待，除了______

A. they frequently and easily cry 他们经常和容易哭泣.

B. they are infant's or in adolescent period , 他们是婴儿的或在青少年时期,

C. they are often neglected by their parents or friends他们往往会被他们的父母或者朋友忽视,

D. they often try their best to meet the requirements of their parents他们经常尽他们最大的努力来满足要求他们的父母

第二篇

Most elderly people with so-called Type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week; according to

new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday. 根据星期一发表在哥本哈根报纸贝林时报新的医学研究结果。大多数二型糖尿病老年人如果他们每周三次轻快的运动30分钟可以停止服用胰岛素。，

Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that. physical exercise can boost. the body's ability to utilize insulin by 30 percent, the newspaper reported. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said.

报纸报道在哥本哈根中心医院的中心化验了糖尿病患者肌肉的结果研究表明。体育锻炼能提高身体,利用胰岛素30%的能力。它说这等于最年迈的糖尿病患者摄入一天胰岛素用药效应。

Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with Type II，all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months, the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects' muscles could utilize as a measure for how well their insulin worked.

研究人员研究一群非糖尿病人和一群II型糖尿病人。所有超过60岁,一周自行车运动6次,为期三个月。医生测量多少糖测试科目的肌肉能够利用，作为衡量胰岛素以及他们如何工作。

Associate Professor Dr. Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non-exercising persons. . 副教授海明博士的菲律宾人肌肉研究中心表示,测试显示每天锻炼糖尿病患者胰岛素利用率和健康的人一样高。

"This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups .Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps, completely avoid insulin treatment," Dela was quoted as“这意味着两组同样适用胰岛素。体育锻炼并不能治愈糖尿病的人,但是它可以消除他们几乎所有的症状。,他们可以推迟服用胰岛素,或者完全避免胰岛素治疗,”菲律宾人质被引述Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body

and used against diabetes.胰岛素是由胰腺分泌产生的一种激素,控制体内血糖水平并用来对付糖尿病。

Dela said that to achieve the desired effect, diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise.

德说，达到预期的效果，患者只需要锻炼到出汗的地步。但要一直保持锻炼，因为它五天内没有足够的锻炼就会消退。

"Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise,". Dela added. “大多数糖尿病患者意识到他们必须注意他们的饮食,而没有意识到运动的重要性,”。德补充道。

l. How could most elderly Type II diabetics stop taking insulin?大多数老年人如何停止服用第二型糖尿病的胰岛素?

A. By taking more salt than usual.通过吸收比平时更多的盐。

.B..By taking less salt than usual. 通过采取比平时更少的盐

C. By doing brisk exer cise for half an hour at least three times a week.通过每周至少有三次做半小时轻快的锻炼。

D. By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day. 每一天要攀登,游泳或拳击比赛。.

2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilize insulin by __ 体育锻炼会增加人体利用胰岛素的能力达到

A. 70 percent 70%

B. 30 percent 30%

C. 60 percent . 60%

D. only a few percent只有一小部分

3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital

included _____在哥本哈根中心医院进行的测试研究受试者包括

A. elderly non-diabetic men老年糖尿病人

B. elderly Type II diabetic men老年II型糖尿病人

C. both sexes of all ages所有年龄段的男女

D. both A and B A和B 都是. :

4. To what a degree do diabetics need exercise in order to achieve the desired

effect?做糖尿病患者需要锻炼到什么程度以达到所需的效果呢?

A. To the degree where they begin to sweat.开始流汗程度。

B. To the degree where they feel exhausted. ,他们感到筋疲力尽程度.

C. To the point when they feel thirsty. 得直到他们觉得口渴

D. To the point when they have to take insulin. 他们必须来点胰岛素

5. According to Dela, among most diabetics, the importance of exercise is______ the importance of watching their diet.根据德研究,其中大多数糖尿病患者的是不了解的运动重要性只注意饮食的重要。

A. as poorly understood as 很糟糕的理解

B. as well understood as .为了解。

C. less understood than 不了解比

D. better understood than更好的理解比

四、短文填补（4小题，每题5分，共20分）

阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从所给中选出所给句子最适合补入的一处.

1.With each hour, the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation produces irreversible damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles

In the summer; millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and most sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it, including themselves. (A) And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. (B) Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer .(C) Fortunately, most of these cancers are highly curable. (D) Sunburn, of course, is the initial hazard posed by UV radiation. Dermatologists recommend avoiding the sun when it is most intense between 11 a. m. and 3 p.m.

在夏季,数百万美国人日光浴。为了健康和美容，大多数晒太阳者为实现它将牺牲很多，包括他们自己。【A/每一个小时，太阳的紫外线（紫外线）辐射产生不可逆转的损害，加速生长难看的皱纹】并且每年在海滩或屋顶日光浴者会增加患皮肤癌。皮肤癌是目前最常见的癌症形式。幸运的是，大多数这些癌症是可以高度治愈的。晒伤，当然，是最初的紫外辐射造成的。皮肤科医生建议避免太阳时，它是最强烈的时间是早上11点到晚上3点

2.Tonsillitis,however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing

Most sore throats are caused by the infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. (A) But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 0r 5 days. (B) With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed. (C) With children and some adults, there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. (D) It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat.

大多数喉咙痛所造成的感染，抗生素治疗不能治愈。但简单的补救办法病人通常在4或5天变的更好。喉咙痛，有时扁桃体和周围地区的咽喉发炎。【C/无论怎样扁桃体炎，通常开始于喉咙痛，吞咽疼痛。】儿童和成人，病人可能有发烧和明显的不舒服。在喉咙后面可能会看到白色斑点。

3、But to be skillful requires greater time.

.The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture to perform operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. (A) Acupuncture is a technique of inserting and manipulating fine filiform needles(豪针) into specific points on the body .to relieve pain or for the therapeutic purposes, (B) To learn how to use the needles takes, about one month of training. (C) The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needled themselves are not painful. (D) There is general agreement that acupuncture is safe when administered by well-trained practitioners using sterile needles.

/中国大约4000年前已经使用了一种叫做针灸的操作，使病人入睡。针灸是一种技术插入和操纵细丝状针（豪针）到身体的特定点。以减轻疼痛或治疗的目的，学习如何使用针带，大约需要一个月的培训。【C/但是需要特别的技巧就需要更多的时间。】执行这个针灸术的人知道怎样将针插批评本身并不痛苦。人们普遍认为，由训练有素的从业人员使用无菌注射器，针灸是安全的，

4.White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged .

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially wen they come in the fo,rm. of a potato salad or eaten cold. (A) In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. (B) The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed.to stimulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. (C) Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that, contain.resistant starch; such as cold boiled potatoes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. (D) Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome.

吃土豆不仅有益肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统有益，尤其是当他们沙拉或冷吃马铃薯。在动物模型上的一项研究，西班牙的研究人员发现，猪喂食大量马铃薯原淀粉不仅有一个健康的肠道，而且也减少白血细胞的水平，这样的血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞。【B/炎症或疾病时产生白色血细胞，对一般的身体是挑战。利用马铃薯原淀粉在这个实验的目的是刺激效应】的饮食高抗性淀粉。人类不吃土豆，但他们吃很多食物，含有抗性淀粉；如冷水煮土豆，谷物，绿色香蕉，面食和谷类。淀粉消费被认为可以减少大肠癌的风险，也可能影响肠易激综合征。

五、语句排列（4小题每题5分共20分）

阅读下面被打乱排列顺序的短文，重新排列语句顺序。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案使之语句通顺。

①If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely如果你觉得你声音不对劲，要完全停止说话

②Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write

notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. 为你的演讲节省你的声音。你可能会觉得使用论文代替讲话很傻，注意，但你能做的最好的事情就是让你的嗓子休息。

③If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get-some advice from a professional singer. 如果你

需要，就要看医生，或许你就可以从一个专业歌手那得到一些建议

④Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. 在你开始说话前，善待你的声音。

⑤Avoid milk or-creamy -drinks which coat your throat.' Keep your throat wet by drinking-a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. 避免喝牛奶或奶油的饮料覆盖你的喉咙。”加糖的热茶或稀释的果汁会让你的喉咙湿润一些

6. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. 在此期间，不要用很低的声音说话。

A、412563

B、123456

C、451236

D、164532

① In a food chain, there are also links but food chains begin with planet life and end with an animal and each link is food for the next link. 在食物链中也有链接，但食物链在地球动物生命开始与结束，各个链接是下一链接的食品。

②A chain consists of links whether a jewelry chain or a food chain. 无论是金属链还是食物链都是由很多环节组成。

③The difference is- that in the jewelry or metal chain., all the links are-made of the same or similar material. 不同的是,在珠宝或金属链,所有的链接都是由相同或相似的材料组成的。

④ And, it shows how energy is given off at-each level or link. 并且,它显示了在每个级别或链接是如何释放能量的。

⑤So, a food chain really shows how animals get their food. 因此，食物链真正的显示了动物如何的获得食物的。

A23154 B23145 C32154 D32541

① Its importance is obvious when two people are talking to each other: but it cannot be ignored by the writer who wishes to keep his readers 其重要性是显而易见的，当两个人互相交谈，但希望保持他的交谈者位置不能被忽视

2、 But in everyday life, we use the term only when the rules which govern social encounters are breached in the manner described. 但在日常生活中，我们使用的术语，只有当规则治理社会交往中所描述的方式违反了。

③ "Face" refers to the public image which a person chooses to present in a particular situation. “面子”指在一个特殊的情况下，一个人选择呈现的公众形象。

④ For social interaction to work, it is essential that participants respect the "face" of all involved. 社会互动工作，参与者尊重所有涉及“面子”是重要的。

⑤ When describing the course of a disease, pathologists often talk of the body organizing its defences in response to a biological insult. 当描述疾病的过程中，，在应对生物损害，病理学家经常谈论的身体组织的防御能力。

A54312 B52143 C53142 D52431

①Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect-unless accompanied by re-educational. programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist strong pressure t。然而，改革者，担心提高饮酒年龄会影响不大，除非伴有教育帮助，。教导青年发展关于饮酒的“负责任的态度”，并教他们抵抗压力的饮料

2. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age t0 21, reversing a trend-in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.二十个州已经提出了法定饮酒年龄为21，扭转20世纪60年代的18岁的趋势。

3. A drunken driver is usually defined.4s one with a 0.0l blood -alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours.一个喝醉酒的司机通常被定义为一个与0.01血液酒精含量约三的啤酒，酒的眼镜或杆威士忌喝醉了2小时内。

④ Drunken driving-sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder-has

become a national infectious disease. 酒后驾车有时被称为美国社会公认的形式的谋杀已经成为一个国家传染病。

⑤ Heavy drinking used to be 4n acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not severe in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.大量饮酒曾经是一种表现美国强壮的男人形象可接受的部分。法官在大多数法庭提起不是严重的诉讼,但是醉酒的屠杀最近带给许多的广为人知悲剧,尤其是涉及幼儿,公众舆论也不再那么宽容。

A43215 B43521 C43512 D12534

七、翻译（10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

（二）英译中

下面五题中文句子，每题均有A.B.C.D四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。

(1) Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in determining a person's well being.

A．实际上，疼痛现在被当作第五个重要的特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，和血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样重要。

B．实际上，疼痛被当作第五大生命特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，疼痛与血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样起着重要的作用。

C．实际上，疼痛已被当作第五个特征。疼痛与血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样重要在诊断人的健康状况时。

D．现在，疼痛被当作第五个重要特征。在诊断人的健康状况时，它有和血压、体温、呼吸和脉搏一样作用。

(2) One of the key elements here was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room so that everybody, the scrub tech, the nurse, the surgeon, the anesthesiologist, who ever it is in the operating room could bring up any concerns they had about the patient.

A。关键因素之一就是打破手术室格局，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括消毒人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师，都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

B．关键因素之一就是理顺手术室的上下级关系，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括擦洗技术人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师，都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

C．一个主要的因素就是去掉手术室的等级，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括消毒人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师，都能带给与病人关心。

D．关键因素之一就是抚平手术室的管理，以便让参与手术的每个人，包括擦洗技术人员、护士、外科医生、麻醉师，都能提出与病人相关的任何问题。

(3) People who were physically active on a regular basis had lower risk of cognitive impairments in late life. But it seemed that teenage physical activity was particularly important in terms of the prevention of cognitive impairments.

A．那些经常进行身体活动的人在晚年患认知障碍风险更低。但似乎青少年时期，常常活动身体在预防认知障碍时尤为重要。

B．那些经常进行身体活动的人在以后的生活中患认知障碍风险更低。但似乎青少年时期常常活动身体在预防认知障碍时尤为重要。

C．定期进行身体锻炼的人们晚年患认知障碍风险更低。但似乎青少年时期的身体锻炼在预防认知障碍方面尤为重要。

D．定期进行身体锻炼的人们在后来的生活中减少了患认知障碍的风险。但似乎青少年时期的身体锻炼在预防认知障碍方面尤为重要。

(4) But the pills are not a cure for radiation sickness. And they work only if the radioactive iodine

has .been taken into the body through food or drink.

A．但这些药片不能治愈辐射，而且他们才能起作用只有当放射性碘通过食物和水进人人体。

B．但这种药片不能治愈辐射病，而且只有在放射性碘通过食物和水进人人体才有用。

C．但这种药片不能治疗辐射。放射性碘只能通过食物和水进入人体才能发挥其作用。

D．但这种药片不能治疗辐射感染，而且只有在放射性碘是通过食物和水进人人体的情况下才能发挥其作用.

(5) Researchers say bilingual children are better able to separate a word from its meaning, and more likely to have friends from different cultures. Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

A．研究人员称，能使用双语的儿童能更好地从单词中区别含义，也更有可能结交不同文化背景的朋友。而使用双语的成年人，他们患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）的时间要比其他人晚4-5年。B．研究人员称，双语儿童能更好地区别单词含义，也更有可能结交不同文化背景的朋友。双语成年人患老年痴呆症（又瘩阿尔茨海默氏病）的时间要比其他人晚4-5年。

C．研究人员称，双语儿童能更好地区别单词含义，也更有可能有不同文化背景的朋友。双语成年人往往在4-5年后患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）。

D.研究人员称，双语儿童有区别不同单词含义的能力，也更有可能结交朋友来自不同的文化背景。双语成年人通常4-5年后才会患老年痴呆症（又名阿尔茨海默氏病）。。

（一）中译英

下面五题中文句子，每题均有A.B.C.D四个英文翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案下面的中文句子，每题均有A、B、c、D四个英支翻译选项，从中选出一个最佳答案。

(1)以油炸食品、高盐食品和肉食为主的西式饮食易引发心脏病，目前全世界约30%的心脏病是由这种饮食方式引起的。

A. The fried foods, salty snacks and meats that are staples of the Western diet account for about 30 percent-of heart attack risk across the world.

B. The fried food, highly salted snacks and meats are the main food of the Western diet, which account for 30 percent of heart diseases world wide.

C. The Western food includes much frying, salt and meat, and this causes 30 percent of heart attacks all around the world.

D. The Western diet -style that contains much salt, meat and fry is responsible for about 30 percent of heat diseases; across the world.

(2)吸烟会导致中年人智力水平下降，而且会导致日后老年痴呆及其他很多身体性疾病。

A. Smoking will lead to the decrease of intelligence of the middle-aged, and it will also lead to

dementia and many physical illnesses later on.

B. Smoking was associated with mental decline in middle age, as.it is with dementia and a host of physical ills later in life.

C. Smoking is sure to cause the decrease of intelligence of the middle-aged, and it will. also lead to dementia and many physical illnesses later on.

D. Smoking may result from mental decline in middle age, as it is with dementia and a host of

physical ills later in life.

(3)在进入市场之前每个产品都经过专门测试。

A. Each product is especially tested before putting into market.

B. Every product is particularly checked before having been put into market.

C. .Every product is exclusively tested before being put into market.

D. Each product is extensively checked before being put into market.

(4)环保人员坚持要采取措施来中和酸雨的不良特性。

A. Environment officers insist that something be done to detoxify acid rain,

B. Environmental officers insist that something is done to detoxify acid rain.

C. Environmental officials insist that something must be done to detoxify acid rain.

D. Environmental officials insist that something be done to detoxify acid rain.

(5)耐衰老方面的最近研究表明，身体的防御机制可能会失去辨别异己的能力。

A. Recent research into aging suggests that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the- ability to

distinguish what is alien.

B. Recent research on aging shows that、the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to

distinguish what is strange. ,

C. Recent research into aging suggests that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to

distinguish itself from the others.

D. Recent research on aging shows that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to tell

what is strange.

职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案

职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for

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