王恩铭英语国家概况英国、美国、加拿大对错题答案整合
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe. F
2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F
3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. F
4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. F
5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. F
6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain. F
7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe. T
8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F
9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England. F
10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. T Ⅰ. True or False:
1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.F
2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population. T
3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain. T
4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people. F
5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales. T
6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland. F
7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland. T
8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people. F
9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F
10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain. T
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. F
2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T
3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue. T
4. The Black Death once ravage England, carrying off three fourths of the population. F
5. During Edward III’ s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began. T
6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. T
7. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to make England once again a Protestant country. F
8. James’ son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right to rule was God-given. T
9. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case of economic penetration. T
10.As a result of land enclousure,a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationship. T Ⅰ. True or False:
1. Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence. T
2. Britain does not have a written constitution. T
3. Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of a Parliament. T
4. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made. F
5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes the official Opposition. F
6. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. T
7. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party. F
8. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time. F
9.A general election may be called by the government at any time but seat during the life of a Parliament, T
10.The party which wins the second chamber where changers in law can be made, F
1. Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system. T
2. A Magistrates’ Court sits with a jury. F
3. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary. F
4. Officers in Great Brain do not normally carry firearms. T
5. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor. F
6. The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts. T
7. House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law. F
8. Lord Chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain. F
9. Unless the case with which an arrested person is charged is very serious, he will usually be granted bail if he cannot be brought before the court within a day. T
10. If a person is charged with murder, and has insufficient means, he must be granted legal aid. T
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world. T
2. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist. F
3. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy. F
4. In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic
product. T
5. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain’s “Silicon Glen”. F
6. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials. F
7. Most of the United Kingdom’s trade is with other developed countries, especially other members of the European Union. T
8. The value of Britain’s exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports. F
9. Today, the City of London is the centre of London where government departments are located. F
10. The trade union movement in Britain is becoming stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment. F
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. The National Health Service (NHS) provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. T
2. The National Health Service (NHS) is now a largely free service. T
3. Social services authorities give help to families facing special problems. T
4. Social security benefits are increased annually in line with percentage increases in retail prices. T
5. General Practitioners receive fees based on the number of individuals who register with them as patients. F
6. In Northern Ireland, the needs of those in difficulty are met by local authorities, who draw upon funds provided by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). F
7. Eye tests and dental treatments in NHS hospitals are free of charge. F
8. Personal social services refer to the provision of financial support for the people in difficulty. F
9. Most British people now live in detached houses. F
10.The nuclear family accounts for a majority of households and has increased in resent years. F Ⅰ. True or False:
1. Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive compulsory full-time education between the age of 5 and 16. F
2. Most of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensive schools. F
3. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act, the UK has since provided universal and free state primary and secondary education. T
4. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for education in the UK. F
5. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools. F
6. In the UK, public schools are publicly-funded schools. T
7. Universities and higher education colleges enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own staff, award their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant. F
8. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. F
9. The Open University was intended to give opportunities to adults who have been unable to take conventional higher education. T
10. More than 70 British citizens have been awarded the Nobel Prize in science, second only to the United States. F
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on a regular basis. F
2. Christianity was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century. F
3. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the British monarch is required to be a member of the Church of England. F
4. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury. T
5. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs. F
6. In 1994 the first women were ordained as priests in the Anglican Church. T
7. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control. F
8. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the Free Churches in Britain. F
9. The UK has the second largest Jewish community in Western Europe. T
10. Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the state or the community, religion in Britain is separated from politics. T
Ⅰ. True or False:
1. Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive compulsory full-time education between the age of 5 and 16. F
2. Most of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends comprehensive schools. F
3. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act, the UK has since provided universal and free state primary and secondary education. T
4. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for education in the UK. F
5. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools. F
6. In the UK, public schools are publicly-funded schools. T
7. Universities and higher education colleges enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own staff, award their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant. F
8. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. F
9. The Open University was intended to give opportunities to adults who have been unable to take conventional higher education. T
10. More than 70 British citizens have been awarded the Nobel Prize in science, second only to the United States. F
Ⅰ. True or False:
F1. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.
T2. The Mississippi river is the longest river in the United States.
F3. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied, containing some of the highest mountains in North America, but also a vast expanse of intermontane basins, plateaus, and isolated ranges.
F4. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and central California is noticeably drier in winter.
T5. New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.
F6. Washington D. C. is located in the Southern States Region.
T7. Many Southerners have a strong sense of regional loyalty and take pride in the South’s history and tradition.
T8. The Midwestern States Region is a vast area of generally flat land that covers much of the center of the United States.
T9. Las Vegas and Reno stand out as “American dreamland”, for they primarily find wealth through the gambling and entertainment industries.
F10. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states, and Alaska has one of the smallest land areas.
ⅠTrue or False
T1. The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. F2. The early British settlers organized the east coast of North America into 17 colonies.
F3. When many thousands of Southerners saw the triumph of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way of life, they decided to secede from the Confederacy.
F4. The Progressive Movement was a well-organized, unified movement, demanding government regulation of economy and social condition.
F5. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States.
F6. The Marshall Plan refers to the military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1950s.
F7. Nixon was the second President in American history who resigned.
F8. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil-Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officers in 1992.
T9.The Louisiana Purchase was executed under the Jefferson Administration,
the second President in American history who resigned.
F10, The United States formally went into war against Germany in 1917.
F11. Before the War of Independence, there ware 13 colonies in North America,
ⅠTrue or False
F1. In the United States, the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate. F2. In the United States, the largest minority group is the African-American group.
T3. The fastest-growing group in the U.S now is the Asian-Ameican group.
F4. Hispianics have a low school dropout rate.
T5. The three major Hispanic groups are the Mexican-Americans, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.
F6. Puerto Ricans enjoy Ameican citizenship rights.
F7. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese.
F8. Today ,Ameican Indians are only allowed to live on reservations.
T9. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASP.
F10.many if the Chicanos are farmers.
ⅠTrue or False
F1. The Constitution of the United States, after its adoption, has never been revised.
F2. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsible for addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individual states.
T3. Separation of power is designed to prevent the government from being too strong. F4. The government is divided into four branches: the legislative, the presidency, the bureaucracy and the judiciary.
T5. The Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional and thereby make it invalid.
F6. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen from political parties.
F7. The President has great executive power but no legislative power.
F8. Congressmen serve a term of six years while Senators serve a term of two years. F9. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich.
F10. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population.
ⅠTrue or False
F1. In the United States, the social security system provides assistance to people with financial problems.
F2. In the United States, Medicare provides virtually free treatment for all American citizens.
F3. Social security is the nearly universal retirement program for Americans, with about 92 percent of people aged 60 and over receiving benefits.
T4. Since 1996, welfare responsibility under AFDC has been passed to the states, which receive federal grants to run their own programs.
F5. The Social Security Administration organizes the distribution of food and food stamps through state and local governments.
F6. Since government-sponsored welfare programs are essential to the needy and the poor, they are quite adequate in confronting the poverty issue.
F7. Child Welfare League of America is the largest privately-funded childcare agency in the United States, providing shelter and service to homeless and runaway youth. F8. In the United States, most employees and their families are normally insured for health care through public insurance programs.
F9. Medicaid program provides federal grants to states for the free treatment of the elderly.
T10. In the United States, two-thirds of the housing units in the private sector are “single-family dwellings”.
ⅠTrue or False
F1. The U.S. Constitution defines the organization of a court system, including a Supreme Court and inferior courts.
F2. In the United States, each state has one district court.
T3. District courts are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries.
F4. All national courts can review decisions of state courts.
F5. At the national level, government prosecution is the responsibility of the Supreme Court.
F6. The U.S. attorneys are appointed for life terms to the district courts.
T7. Anglo-American Common Law is based on the supposed reasonable person’s view of what is right and fair.
F8. In the United States, all cases should be tried with a jury.
F9. A unanimous decision is needed for a grand jury to make a decision.
T10. Federal crimes are mainly the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
ⅠTrue or False
T1. Americans generally hold that everyone is entitled to education.
T2. Americans believe that education is beneficial to individuals and society as a whole.
T3. In the United States, public education at elementary and secondary level is free.
T4. American education system is characterized by diversity.
F5. According to the U.S. Constitution, education is the responsibility of the federal government.
F6. There is little similarity in the education system of the 50 states.
T7. The state board of education is responsible for the education policy of the state.
F8. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is Harvard University.
F9. Junior colleges offer only B.A. degrees.
F10. The affirmative action program aims to help ethnic and racial minorities in elementary and secondary education.
F1. In comparison with other Western countries, America is less religious in terms of church attendance and financial commitment to church organizations.
F2. At the time when the United States was founded, it was the Catholic branch of the Christian faith that had the strongest influence on the development of the religious climate in the United States.
T3. The Pilgrims tried to create a community in which life would be guided by God’s will and deviations from His will in any shape or form would never be tolerated.
F4. America became “the Kingdom of God”by the end of the 17th century.
F5. In the 19th century, Americans stopped talking about the importance of religious values for their national identity.
T6. According to the U.S. Constitution, church and state are separate in their role and function.
F7. Historically, church and state in the United States has never interacted to each other.
T8. A growing trend in American religious life is that religion has become increasingly secularized.
F9. In the United States, mainstream Protestant denominations have lost ground to Catholic denominations.
T10. Post-war Evangelism has attempted to use its influence to restore some sense of
community in a society.
ⅠTrue or False
F1. Most Americans have an ambition to own their own house on a little piece of property, but it’s difficult for them to have that ambition materialized.
F2. After the arrival of the so-called post-industrial society, Americans started to move to the city.
F3. Most Americans live in mobile homes which function as prefabricated housing units in stationary settings.
F4. Many poor American families expect their children to find part-time jobs, especially as they enter their teens.
T5. Parties for children and for grown-ups are constantly occupying the leisure hours of Americans.
F6. In the United States, high-brow arts get most of the financial backing from the government.
T7. In the United States, popular culture outshines classical culture in audience size and in public influence.
F8. Today’s preeminent spectator game in America is baseball.
F9. American football was derived from the British game of soccer.
T10. Baseball is adapted by the Americans from the English cricket to their own tastes.
英语国家社会与文化 课程标准
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英国国家概况及英国文化
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英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚
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美国-国家概况、风土人情
美国概况及风土人情 首先要想做好美国项目就要了解目的国家的历史，政治经济，文化背景，风土人情等。相对于中国具有上下5000年的古老历史文明，美国作为一个新兴的资本主义国家，拥有的历史并不算漫长。 美国历史 最早可以追溯到15世纪左右，那时的美国本土居住着大量的土著印第安人。并没有被近现代文明社会所发现，直至意大利人航海家哥伦布发现了北美洲大陆，在1492-1502，十年间，哥伦布在西班牙的资助下四次横渡大西洋，达到美洲大陆。可以说；是哥伦布把欧洲的现代文明带到了美洲大陆。自从哥伦布发现了现代文明后， 在1776年7月 4日，反对英国殖民者的军队在费城召开了第二次大陆会议，组成“大陆军”，由乔治。华盛顿任总司令，并通过了《独立宣言》，那么这一天就被成为美国历史上最著名的“独立日” 1783年9月3日，独立战争结束。美国成为美洲首个独立国家。” 1787年制定联邦宪法。 1788年乔治。华盛顿当选为第一任总统。
美国地图： 美国位于北美洲中部：东濒大西洋，西滨太平洋，北靠加拿大，南接墨西哥及墨西哥湾。除美国简称USA,US，是由50个州和华盛顿哥伦比亚特区组成的联邦共和立宪制国家。 面积与人口： 美国国土面积世界第四；第一俄罗斯，第二加拿大，第三中国，大约为962.9万平方公里陆地面积915万平方公里，内陆水域面积为20万平方公里，五大湖中美国主权部分约为17万平方公里。河口，港湾，内海等沿海水域面积约10万平方公里。 美国人口约3.1 亿人，数量为世界第三。第一是中国，第二是印度，以白人为主，但有大量的移民人口。 主要城市 华盛顿：纽约所担任的职能仅限于经济范围内，而美国的首都华盛顿是纯粹的政治中心。区别于中国的首都北京所具有的政治经济文化中心的职能所不同的，美国的很多城市都具有单一的职能性。举例来讲美国的首都华盛顿只是政治中心，全程华盛顿D.C。最著名的景点就是美国的国会大厦，白宫，以及白宫正对面的华盛顿纪念碑。 美国的纽约不仅具有金融中心这一特点，同时他也是灾难的中心。他的出名也许会因为股市的反弹一夜暴富，也许会因为911的撞击事件而失去生命。 纽约市The city of New York 金融，文化，艺术的中心 纽约市是美国最大及人口最多的城市，也是全世界最大的都会区之一。 纽约在商业和金融的方面发挥巨大的影响力。该市有曼哈顿区，皇后区，布鲁克林区，布朗克斯区，斯塔腾岛五个区。 纽约市是美国第一大港，同时也是世界第四大都会区，仅次于东京，首尔，墨西哥城。 历史事件：2001年9月11日，911事件，恐怖分子劫持四架飞机，两架分别撞向两座世界贸易中心，一架撞向五角大楼，造成3000人死亡。 洛杉矶City of Los Angeles 洛杉矶是美国第二大城市，仅次于纽约，拥有巨大影响力的国际化大都市。 洛杉矶人口是加州最多的，超过400万人口，仅次于纽约。 大学有；加州理工学院，加州大学洛杉矶分校，南加州大学，洛杉矶加利福尼亚州立大学 旧金山 San Francisco
英语国家概况课程标准
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
英语国家概况加拿大历史与文化
一、加拿大的历史溯源 The origin of Canada 加拿大的历史是从印第安和爱斯基摩等原住民的历史开始的，10世纪以后，西欧的足迹才开始踏上这片土地。最初先是海盗来到加拿大东部，此后从欧洲人进行探险的时代开始一直到近现代，北美大陆的历史在此阶段迅速展开。 The history of Canada started with the aborigine of the Indians and Eskimos.Since the 10th century,the footprints of the Western civilization have started to brand on this new land.The first vistors are a gang of pirates after which , the Europeans have started their expedition and explorations which has been enduring to the contemporary times.
16世纪。法国人梦想发现并统治更多的疆域，扩展他们的贸易范围，并让世界各国信奉他们的信仰。加拿大原为印第安人与因纽特人居住地。\ In the 16th century,the French dreamed of discovering and having control over more and more territories as well as widening their trading realm to let their religious belief being accepted all over the world. 16 世纪沦为法、英殖民地，1756—1763年期间，英、法在加拿大爆发“七年战争”，法国战败，而1763年的巴黎和约使加拿大正式成为英属殖民地。 The “Seven Years War ”broke out between England and France in 1756 and lasted until the year 1763.The France were the side to lose the war and Canada was officially made to be the British Territoty through the signing og the Paris Treaty. 1867年7月1日，英国议会通过了《BRITISH NORTH AMERICA [BNA] ACT OF 1867》（北美法律），正式承认加拿大自治权，以ONTARIO，QUEBEC，NOVA SCOTIA，NEW BRUNSWICK四省形成加拿大联邦，7月1日也被定为加拿大的国庆日。英将加拿大省、新不伦瑞克省和诺瓦斯科舍省合并为一个联邦，成为英国最早的自治领。此后，其它省也陆续加入联邦。 On July 1st ,1867, 《BRITISH NORTH AMERICA [BNA] ACT OF 1867》were passey by the British parliament which formally admitted the autonomiy of Canada and Canada by then consisited of four provinces: ONTARIO，QUEBEC，NOVA SCOTIA，NEW BRUNSWICK. Afterwards,Britain made NOVA SCOTIA，NEW BRUNSWICK. combined into a new federation which became the earliest dominion under the British Empire and other provinces took turns in joining this federation. 1882年4月17日，英女皇在OTTAWA 宣布加拿大在立法上脱离英国，并签署《加拿大宪法草案》即现行的加拿大宪法。 1926年，英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特法令》，承认加的“平等地位”，加始获外交独立 权。
英语国家概况中文版-Chapter 23 Geography and History
第二十三章加拿大地理和历史 Ⅰ.地理特点 1.面积与所处位置 加拿大是世界上仅次于俄国的第二大国家。它的陆地面积大约为一千万平方公里(精确数字为9，976，186平方公里)。它覆盖了近2/5的北美大陆。从北到南，加拿大的辽阔领土几乎从北极绵延至北纬45°，约3200公里。从东到西，它从大西洋延伸到太平洋，约6400公里。加拿大位于美国以北。但有一部分位于美国缅因州以东，还有一部分位于从布法罗到底特律的最近直线上，这部分的加拿大区域比布法罗和底特律还要靠南。北纬45°线标出了加拿大同美国北部的佛蒙特和纽约的分界线。然而，加拿大的大部分地区位于北纬49°以北。加拿大和美国共有一条6738公里的边界线，这条边界线一百多年来从不设防，每天有成千的旅游者从这里通过。 加拿大拥有如此辽阔的领土，它的人口却只有二千九百万(1994)。加拿大的大部分地区人口稀疏。近89%的国土没有常住人口。北部的许多地区杳无人烟，遍布森林或长年冰冻的北极荒地。大约80%的加拿大人住在临近美国边界的大城市中，其中60%的人口集中在魁北克域和安大略湖的西端之间。多伦多是加拿大最大的城市，有三百四十多万人。蒙特利尔是第二大城市，人口为二百九十多万，第三大城市是温哥华，它有一百二十多万人。大多数加拿大的城市都比这三个城市小得多。 加拿大有四大人口密集区：(1)大西洋沿岸的农业、矿业和渔业城市；(2)坐落在魁北克省和安大略省南部以制造业为主的大城市；(3)平原地区以小麦、养牛和采油业为主的城市； (4)不列颠哥伦比亚省的太平洋沿岸。北纬55°以北的大部分地区主要居住着捕猎者、捕鱼者和采矿者。著名的加拿大骑警是这些孤立的地区的法律和秩序的象征。 2.地形 加拿大有着多种多样的地形。在东部，那些多山的沿海省份在圣劳伦斯湾和大西洋有着一条不规则的海岸线。圣劳伦斯平原和内陆平原是主要的耕作区。它们被一个森林密布的高原分隔开，这一高原始于苏必利尔湖和休伦湖。再向西至太平洋，由北到南是绵延的山脉，其中包括落基山脉，海岸山脉的太平洋沿岸往往有海峡伸入陆地。加拿大的最高峰为洛根峰(6050m)，位于加拿大的西北部的育科恩辖区内。 加拿大有许多湖泊，除了在美国边境上的几个大湖区以外，还有九个长为161公里和三十五个长为80多公里的湖泊。 两个主要的河流系统，是马更些河和圣劳伦斯河。连同其支流在内，圣劳伦斯河域的通航里程为3508公里。流经加拿大地盾和西部落基山脉之间的马更些河，是北美的第二大河。马更些河的主流长1609公里。 3.气候 除萨斯喀彻温省的西南部和阿尔伯达省的东南部以外，加拿大的其他地区降水充足。然而，整个加拿大的气候是多变的。从东部到加拿大大草原地区为潮湿的大陆性气候，在不列颠哥伦比亚省的西南部是与美国的华盛顿和俄勒冈州相似的海洋性气候，再往北的地区位于四季长青的亚北极区针叶林带，最北的地方是极地气候，不长树木的苔原带。苔原带在某种程度上比针叶林带暖和，因其更靠近海洋。 总的说来，加拿大的气候并不那么宜人。大部分地区有着漫长而寒冷的冬季，且到处是很深的积雪。拉布拉多寒流使加拿大东部海岸非常寒冷，而吹过哈得孙湾的冷风使内陆地区变得很冷。但是，加拿大绝不是一个到处都常年积雪的地方。八月上旬，东部地区就像热带地区一样炎热、潮湿，在温哥华岛，人们在圣诞节采摘最后一季的玫瑰，二月底他们可采摘到第一季的水仙花。因为加拿大大部分地区气候寒冷，大多数人都居住在南部边境地区。 4.地理区域
王恩铭英语国家概况英国、美国、加拿大对错题答案整合
Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe. F 2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F 3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. F 4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. F 5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. F 6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain. F 7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe. T 8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F 9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England. F 10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.F 2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population. T 3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain. T 4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people. F 5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales. T 6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland. F 7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland. T 8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people. F 9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F 10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. F 2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T 3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue. T 4. The Black Death once ravage England, carrying off three fourths of the population. F 5. During Edward III’ s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began. T 6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. T
英语国家社会与文化教学大纲
英语国家社会与文化教 学大纲 Revised as of 23 November 2020
《英语国家社会与文化》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程编号： 课程中文名称: 英语国家社会与文化 课程英文名称：Exploring English-speaking Countries 课程类型：专业方向选修课 总学时：36理论学时：32 实验学时：4 学分：2 适用专业：初中毕业起点五年制小学教育专业英语方向2012级专科段 先修课程：英语网络阅读 开课院系：小学教育系 二、课程性质和任务 《英语国家社会与文化》本课程是以英语为授课媒介，重点介绍英国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰等主要英语国家的历史、宗教、政治、教育、体育、经济、娱乐等社会文化各个层面的背景性人文学科知识。要求学生了解主要英语国家社会和文化的起源和发展和变迁、各国文化间的共性与差异，以及当今英美的流行文化。主要任务在于扩展学生的文化和社会视野，引导他们注意到英语语言内在的文化土壤、英语语言外在的多面性、语言和产生其语言的社会的一致性、相关性；提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。 三、课程教学目标 本课程的总体目标在于使学生通过学习，了解这些国家的社会与文化概况，如地理、历史、政治、经济、教育、社会生活以及文化风俗等方面的基础知识，理解英美文化、思维方式、价值观念和生活习惯，扩大学生的知识面培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。同时也促进加强学生的语言学习，达到提高英语水平的目的。培养学生成为热爱祖国、热爱社会主义、为国家繁荣发展而奋斗的人才。 四、理论教学环节和基本要求
英国国家概况(八)(中英文版)
英国国家概况（八）（中英文版） 第八章 Justice and the law 法律与司法机构 There is no single legal system in the United Kingdom. A feature common to all systems of law in the United Kingdom is that there is no complete code. The sources of law include (1) statutes; (2) a large amount of "unwritten" or common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community. Another common feature is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law. 联合王国不实行完全统一的法律制度。联合王国所有法律制度的一个共同特点是没有以部完整的法典。法典来源包括：（1）成文法；（2）大量的"不成文法" 或习惯法；（3）衡平法；（4）欧共体法。另一个共同的特点是刑法和民法之间的区别。 I．Criminal Proceedings 刑事诉讼程序 1. In England and Wales, once the police have charged a person with a criminal offence, the crown Prosecution Service assumes control of the case reviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecute. 在英格兰和威尔士，一旦警察指控某人犯有刑事罪，皇家检察总署就要接管此案，并独立地审核证据以决定是否起诉。 2. In Britain all criminal trial are held in open count because the criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution and the defense get equal treatment. No accused person has to answer the question of the police before trial. He is not compelled to give evidence in count. Every accused person has the right to employ a legal adviser to conduct his defense. If he can not afford to pay, he may be granted aid at public expense. In criminal trial by jury, the judge passes sentence, but the jury decided the issue of guilt or innocence. The jury composed of 12 or ordinary people. If the verdict of the jury can not be unanimous, it must be a majority. 在英国，所有的刑事审判都在法院公开进行。因为刑法认为，在消除合理怀疑证明被告有罪之前，他是无辜的。原告与被告同样平等，审判时被告不必回答警察
英语国家概况(社会与文化入门)名词解释页码(上、下两册)
The Anglo-Saxons (P18) The aerospace industry in the UK (P80) Anglicanism (P269) The advantages of the pluralist form of government (P295) The Bill of Rights of 1689 (P48) The Bronte sisters (P100) Britain and the EU (P127) Britain and the United States (P127) The BBC (P143) The British stereotypes about the Irish (P220) The Constitution (P48) Class system in British society (P66) “The City” (P80) The Canterbury Tales (P100) Comprehensive schools (P113) The Commonwealth (P127) Cricket and “fair play” (P161) The Celts (P183) Checks and balances (P200) The Civil Service (P200) Catholicism in Australia (P268) The constitutional crisis of 1975 (P295) The Dreaming (P254) The Easter Rising (P35) The electoral campaign (P66) Ethnic relations in the UK (P66) Elizabethan Drama (P100) Eisteddfod (P162) The Easter Rising of 1916 (P183) Emancipists (P282)
英语国家概况各单元知识点汇总'
《英语国家概况》 一、课程性质、目的和要求 （一）课程性质 随着社会的进步和科技的高速发展，中外各种交流越来越密切，了解和掌握一些英语国家的文化传统也显得极为重要。英语国家概况是面向英语专业三年一期学生开设的专业必修课程。《英语国家概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化背景的教科书，旨在帮助英语专业学生和英语自学者了解这些国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理，历史，政治，经济，社会生活和文化传统方面的基本知识。 （二）课程目的 该课程旨在提高英语水平为目的。该课程可以通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，在教学过程中实行语言教学与文化知识课紧密相结合，以学生为中心，帮助学生能够理解课文，掌握英语，吸取知识，适当的补充对重大事件和人物的历史背景，典故，以提高学生的学习兴趣。课后可以适当布置一些思考题，指导学生进行有效的自学，拓宽他们的知识面。 （三）课程要求 该课程要求学生对英语国家的社会文化背景有一定的了解，能够对中西方社会和文化的差异有一定的理解和认识，正确看待中西方社会文化差异性与多元性。二、教学重点和难点 （一）教学重点 英国部分：英国历史、英国的经济制度和政策、英国的政治制度和政府机构、英国的福利制度。 美国部分：美国地理区域划分及人口结构、美国历史、美国经济特点、美国政治制度中的三权分立。 （二）教学难点 英国部分：英国的经济制度和政策、英国的政治制度和政府机构、英国的福利制度。 美国部分：美国地理区域划分及人口结构、美国经济特点、美国政治制度中的三权分立。
三、教学内容 第一章英国 第一课：英国的国土和人民 教学内容：英国的地理特征，四部分的山水河流，气候状况，英国的各个民族。这一部分主要从整体对大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国作一个综述。了解英国不同名称的含义，英国的地理特征、河流和湖泊、气候的特点以及影响气候的因素，了解英国的民族构成、人口结构及其特点；了解英国的语言构成及阶级状况。 第二课：英国历史 教学内容：英国的起源（1066年诺曼征服之前的历史，即英国早期遭受的三次外族入侵）：诺曼王朝，金雀花王朝，兰开斯特王朝，约克王朝，都铎王朝，斯图亚特王朝，克伦威尔时期的共和国，复辟时期，光荣革命，工业革命，宪章运动，英帝国的殖民扩张，一战及二战中的英国，战后到八十年代末的英国。 第三课：英国的经济制度和政策 教学内容：了解第二次世界大战后英国经济地位衰落的原因，经济发展的三个阶段的特点以及英国工业、农业等发展的概况。二战后，英国的经济政策经历了一系列的调节。从五六十年代的稳步发展，七十年代的经济衰退，到八十年代的撒切尔夫人的经济政策，英国从战前的日不落帝国变成一个二流强国。英国的工业，农业，外贸政策也将予以详细的说明。 第四课：英国的政治制度和政府机构 教学内容：英国君主立宪政体，由上院与下院组成的英国议会，英国的政党制度，中央政府机构以及地方政府机构。英国君主立宪制的构成，运行，英国的政党制度，行政机构等将在这一章予以详细介绍。 第五课：英国的社会福利制度 教学内容：英国社会的医疗保健制度、社会保障、宗教和节假日的概况。英国是一个福利国家，这一章介绍英国国民保健制度，和各种社会保险。 第六课：英国的社会文化 教学内容：介绍英国的社会文化；了解英国的教育制度、传播媒介、体育、艺术的概况。介绍英国的宗教信仰，节日庆典，文化教育，广播媒体，体育，文艺及娱乐活动。 第二章美国
英语国家文化概况期中复习
1.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2.Why is the limed influence of Roman? ① the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. ②never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry.③the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. 3.What is the rainfall feature of UK? Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000millimetre. There is a water… surplus(过剩) in the north and west, and a water …deficit (亏空)in the south and east. 4.How many invaders in UK? 1.Roman Britain 2.The Anglo-Saxons 3.Viking and Danish invasions 4.The Norman 5.What is the influence of invaders? 1.The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain?s natural resources. They also brought the new religion, （Christi…anity）, to Britain. 2.The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires（ai）, with shire courts and shire reeves(地方执行官), or …sheriffs（行政司法长官）, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised设计（design）the narrow-strip（条，带，细长片）, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the ma?norial （manor庄园）system. Finally, they created the Witan （council or meeting of the wisemen）to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today. 3.Alfred was a king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while he ruled the rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christians. He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”. He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He translated a Latin book into English. He also established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great.” 4.he Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror …confiscated （没收）almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak
Test for Canada 英语国家概况：加拿大部分测试题
1. Capital city of Canada is , the largest city is , and , , are its major cities. 2. The National Flag of Canada is colloquially known as , and also known as . 3. Canada’s earliest inhabitants arrived from around years ago via the Bering land bridge. 4. The earliest-known European settlers of Canada were , who established a short-lived colony in Newfoundland around . 5. The first permanent European settlement in Canada was the trading station at , founded in 1608. 6. By , Britain gained a significant advantage by winning control of Acadia and Newfoundland, and by driving the French from . 7. Monetary unit of Canada is , and its major trading partners are , , , . 8. Canada is the largest producer of in the world, providing close to % of the world total. 9. National Holiday of Canada is , and the heads of government are and . 10. , are official languages in Canada. 11. Canada’s Most Populous Province is , and the second one is and is the largest and oldest province in Canada 12. The US exports baseball players and acid rain to Canada, while Canada exports hockey players and to the US