博士入学考试英语模拟题

English Entrance Examination

For Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates

Paper One

Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points, 45 minutes)

Directions: In this part there are several passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked

(A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Every year scientists open more doors that lead to the secrets of

new beneficent drugs.

There is bacitracin, which was discovered by two scientists at

Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. These two

people, Dr. Frank Meleney and Miss Balbina Johnson, knowing that the

human body had some kind of action in itself with which it fights

infections, began to search for the chemical that does this. In the

hospital they examined badly infected wounds of people who had been

hurt in accidents and made tests of the blood and the infected tissue.

Finally, in the wound of a girl who had broken a leg bone, they

found the useful germs which seemed to be fighting the poisonous

infection. They took some of these into the laboratory and from them

developed cultures; that is, larger masses of the germs with which to

experiment. At last, after long and painstaking work, they were able

to draw from these germs a substance which is a germ destroyer. Dr.

Meleney and Miss Johnson named it bacitracin-baci because the germ is,

in scientific language, a bacillus and tracin for Margaret Tracy,

whose broken leg supplied the germ.

Bacitracin at first was used only locally; later the drug was

developed into a solution that can be used to fight germ through the

blood stream.

16.Today, the discovery of a new drug occurs .

A)very seldom. B)once in a generation.

C)once every ten years. D)frequently.

17. The scientific term for the action with which the human body

fights infection .

A)drug. B)biotic.

C)not mentioned. D)both A and B.

18. Searching for the fighting chemical, the scientists examined .

A)fresh wounds. B)infected wounds.

C)only infected leg bones. D)only a few wounds.

19. Cultures, as used in this article, are .

A)masses of germs.

B)blood tests.

C)masses of infected tissue.

D)poisonous germs.

20. Bacitracin .

A)is poisonous. B)destroys germs.

C)restores broken bones. D)develops germs.

21. To say that a drug was used locally is to say that it was .

A)distributed through the whole system.

B)used only in the area of infection.

C)used only at Columbia

D)used only in hospitals.

22. From reading this selection you can infer that

A)many scientific discoveries are due to chance.

B)every year scientists discover new beneficent drugs.

C)behind medical discovery there may be a dramatic story.

D)culture are large masses of germs.

Passage 2

Our echo sounder located the wreck of a French submarine that had foundered during the war in seventy-five feet of water outside Dakar harbor. Dumas and I plunged down and found the vessel lying clean and upright, surrounded by such clouds of fish as we had rarely seen-small silver fingerlings and dark metals. As Dumas swam into the shadow of

the port propeller, he came face to face with a gigantic fish, grouper variety, cousin to our familiar Mediterranean meroblast-fish. This specimen was ten times the size of our old acquaintances: he weighed

at least four hundred pounds. The wide, flat head and tiny eyes advanced on Dumas; the ugly mouth yawned open, wide enough to admit him. Dumas knew that sedentary groupers have no teeth to speak of; it seemed, however, that this individual might wish to swallow him

unmasticated in the fashion of the mero type which swims agape(大张着嘴), taking in whole octopuses（章鱼）.

The cavernous mouth approached within two feet; Dumas sculled backward, watchfully keeping a modest interval as the monster unhurriedly followed. The knowledge that the species was harmless gave Dumas little comfort as he gazed into the fish's mouth; he and the

grouper exchanged mutual stares of revulsion for a seemingly interminable period while Dumas was steadily pressed back. Then the beast lost interest, turned aside, and returned to its dim home under

the lost submarine. Dumas surfaced in a reflective mood: "Imagine

being swallowed by a lousy grouper."

23. Dumas encountered the jewfish while .

A)trying to locate an old wreck.

B)skin fishing in Dakar harbor.

C)swimming near a foundered submarine.

D)attempting to salvage a submarine.

24. The gigantic fish was actually .

A)an extraordinarily large pomfret.

C)a kind of grouper fish.

B)a mero.

D)both B and C.

25. This type of fish was supposed to be .

A) dangerous if provoked. B) vicious.

C) harmless. D) afraid of man.

26. Dumas regarded the fish with .

A)tolerant amusement.

B)immediate terror.

C)complete objectivity.

D)increasing suspicion.

27. It seemed to Dumas that the fish wished to .

A)drive him away from its home.

B)swallow him whole.

C)protect itself.

D)force him to surface.

28. Dumas' comment on surfacing expressed .

A)terror at a near escape.

B)shame at his reaction to the fish.

C)the unreasonableness of the situation.

D)revulsion for the fish.

29. Implied but not stated: The fish .

A)intended to eat Dumas.

B)acted out of simple curiosity.

C)lived under the submarine.

D)had been misidentified by Dumas.

Passage 3

Reruns of situation comedies from the fifties and early sixties dramatize the kinds of problems that parents used to have with their children. The Cleavers scold Beaver for not washing his hands before dinner, the Andersons punish Bud for not doing his homework; the Nelsons dock little Ricky’s allowance because he keeps forg etting to clean his room. But times have changed dramatically. Being a parent today is much more difficult than it was a generation ago.

Today’s parents must try, first of all, to control all the new distractions that tempt children away from schoolwork. At home, a child may have a room furnished with a stereo and television. Not many young people can resist the urge to listen to an album or watch MTV-especially if it is time to do schoolwork. Outside the home, the distractions are even more alluring, chi ldren no longer “hang out” on a neighborhood corner within earshot of Mom or Dad’s reminder to come in and do homework.. Instead,, they congregate in vast shopping malls, buzzing video arcades and gleaming fast-food restaurants. Parents and school assignments have obvious difficulty competing with such enticing alternatives.

Besides dealing with these distractions, parents also have to shield their children from a flood of sexually explicit materials. Today, children can find sex magazines and pornographic paperbacks in the same corner store that once offered only comics and candy. Moreover, the movies young people attend often focus on highly sexual situations. It is difficult to teach children traditional values when films show teachers seducing students and young people treating sex as a casual sport. An even more difficult matter for parents is the heavily sexual content of programs on television.

Most disturbing to parents today, however, is the increase in life-threatening dangers that face young people. When children are small, parents fear that their youngsters may be victims of violence. Every news program seems to carry a report about a mass murderer who preys on young girls, a deviant who has buried six boys in his cellar, or an organized child pornography ring that molests preschoolers. When children are older, parents begin to worry about their kids’ use of drugs. Peer pressure to experiment with drugs is often stronger than parents’ warnings. This pressure to

experiment can be fatal if the drugs have been mixed with dangerous chemicals.

Within one generation, the world as a place to raise children has changed dramatically. One wonders how yesterday’s parents would have dealt with today’s problems. Could the Andersons have kept Bud away from MTV? Could the Nelsons have shielded little Ricky from sexually explicit material? Could the Cleavers have protected Beaver from drugs? Parents must be aware of all these distractions and dangers, yet be willing to give their children the freedom they need to become responsible adults. It is not an easy task..

30. Parents today must protect their children from all of the following except_______ .

A)Drug abuse

B)Life-threatening situations

C)Drinking too much beverage

D)Sexually explicit materials

31. Traditional values become more difficult for younger generation to accept because

________ .

A)Teachers set bad examples for students

B) Bad side effects on children from TV and films outweigh the traditional

education

C) Parents failed in educating their children

D)The younger generation can not resist the temptation from all sorts of distractions

32. According to the author, what the parents now most fear for about their children is

________.

A) Physical dangers B). Violent TV programs

C) Enticing alternatives D). Sex magazines

33. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards being a

responsible parent?

A) Frustrated. B) Pessimistic.

C). Wait-and –see. D) Positive

34. It can be inferred from the passage that parents today ________.

A)Must pay much more attention to their children’s behavior

B)Have to strengthen the education on traditional values

C)Have to strike a balance between their need to provide limitations and their

children’s need for freedom

D)Must prevent their children from all kinds of seductions of the society

35.The author develops her main idea by _________.

A)Complaining about some social influences on children

B)Comparing education of yesterday with that of today

C)Explaining parents’ worries today

D)Stating her own points with vivid examples

Passage 4

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes

in contact with them. Their values--this can't be repeated too often--are

not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not

necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to

time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small

worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms.

But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live

with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of?

Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger

of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious

risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car,

it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision for spare parts. But never forget

that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And

at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to

try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the

forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed

to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as

they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them

a try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

36. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that ________ .

A) very old people enjoy living with their relatives

B) social services have nothing to do with very old people

C) very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more

personal freedom

D) very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean

37. Some social workers think that ________ .

A) health and safety are more important than personal freedom

B) personal freedom is more important than health and safety

C) old people should keep their rooms clean

D) one should not take the risk of dealing with old people

38. In the author's opinion, ________ .

A) the human body can't be compared to a car

B) the older a person, the more care he needs

C) too much emphasis has been put on old people's values

D) it is easy to provide spare parts for old people

39. The word 'it' in the last paragraph refers to __________ .

A) the conclusion you have made

B) your talk to the old people

C) whether age is happy or unpleasant

D) one's money or one's health

40. The author thinks that __________ .

A) medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors

B) old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich

C) the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people

is doubtful

D) it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death

Passage 5

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child who learns to talk does not learn by being corrected all time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught--to work, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find a way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not

know.

Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it."

41. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A)by copying what other people do

B)by making mistakes and having them corrected

C)by listening to explanations from skilled people

D)by asking a great many questions

42. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

A)They give children correct answers.

B)They point out children's mistakes to them.

C)They allow children to make their own work.

D)They encourage children to copy from one another.

43. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _____.

A)not really important skills.

B)more important than other skills.

C)basically different from learning adult skills.

D)basically the same as learning other skills.

44. Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children's progress should

only be estimated by _____.

A)educated persons. B)the children themselves.

C)teachers. D)parents.

45. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are _____.

A)too independent of others.

B)too critical of themselves.

C)unable to think for themselves.

D)unable to use basic skills.

Part III V ocabulary and Structure ( 15 points, 20 minutes)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark your corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

46．His heart was filled with for the accident.

A)composure B)compassion

C)altruism D)discretion

47．The mechanisms of government seemed awesome to the visitors.

A)intricate B)subtle

C)interesting D)new

48．Registration is in order to vote in elections.

A)urgent B)fated

C)compulsory D)irresistible

49． your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter.

A)By virtue of B)In view of

C)On account of D)With respect to

50．A child's often changes in the presence of strangers.

A)personality B)behavior

C)comprehension D)attitude

51.The motorist was by the conflicting road signs and was at a

loss about which direction to take.

A)angry B)bewildered

C)happy D)sorrowful

52.The food was divided ______ according to the age and size of the children.

A)equally

B)proportionately

C)sufficiently

D)adequately

53.To undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ______.

A) prospect B)aspect

C)respect D)concept

54.You will have to ______ this skyscraper as you have not complied with

the town planning regulations.

A)hold up B) put up

C) pull down D)set aside

55. Unlike a writer, an artist often uses exaggeration to ______.

A)send his message over

B)put down his message

C)put forward his message

D)put his message across

56.I ______ with the Browns during my stay in New York City.

A) put up B) lived up

C) lived at D) put in

57. If someone is frowning, we _____ that she or he is sad or angry.

A) Infer B) claim

C) anticipate D) acknowledge

58. The new apartment built few months ago is large enough to _____ over two hundred people.

A) locate B) reside

C) settle D) accommodate

59. In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler _____ respectable social scientists who

agree with him.

A) recites B) confirms

C) quotes D) convinces

60. The decline of Rome _____ the disappearance of classical drama

A) restrained B) withheld

C) restored D) witnessed

61. In one scene of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying _____ to keep in

time with a rapid assembly line.

A) aimlessly B) violently

C) hardly D) desperately

62.When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _____ without

favouring either side.

A) impressive B) reflective

C) objective D) persuasive

63. When people have their basic needs satisfied,they begin to think of other things to

fulfil their life _____ .

A) necessities B) requirements

C) appreciation D) expectations

64. ______ are said to be the world's best watch makers.

A)Swisses B)The Swisses

C)The Swiss D)Some Swiss

65.Even as a child, Kate had admired her aunt Syb, especially ______ she

bore the sacrifices her profession demanded.

A)in the way B)by the way

C)the way D)any way

66.Human groups that practice horticulture have greater control than ______

only hunt and gather.

A)those who B)who

C)those that D)those

67.It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We won't

take the new one, ______, because we don't feel as safe on it.

A)somehow B)though

C)therefore D)otherwise

68.The ancient Romans applied their knowledge ______ the construction of

bridges, roads, and public buildings.

A)in B)to

C)for D)through

69 As word of the cloud of poison began to spread, hundreds, then thousands,

took ______ the road in flight from the fumes.

A)to B)off

C)on D)for

70.The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the

final exams.

A)is B)being

C)have been D)to be

71. We left the manager a note ______ he wanted to know where we were.

A) if B) in case C) so that D) unless

72. ______, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a

people in a fundamental form.

A) wherever occurring B) They occur wherever

C) Where they occur D) Where do they occur

73. The sea is very beautiful and _____________.

A) the mountains are so too B) the mountains are too

C) so are the mountains D) also are the mountains

74. _________ the very cold winter, we have run out of coal earlier than

we had expected.

A) By reason of B) For the sake of

C) At the risk of D) At the mercy of

75. I am pleased with what you have given me and ______ you have told me.

A) that B) all that C) which D) all what

Part IV Cloze ( 10 points, 15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked (A), B), C) and D) . You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passages. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

After sunset on our[ 76 ]day at the ranch I walked out into the desert. In this, he first pleasant moment for a walk after the long hot hours, I thought I was the only thing[ 77 ]. Abruptly I [ 78 ].On

the ground in front of me, a rattlesnake lay rigid. Its head was not

yet drawn back to strike, but merely turned a little to watch what I

[ 79 ].Many snakes will flee at the sight of a man but this rattle

snake felt[ 80 ]to[ 81 ].He[ 82 ]in calm watchfulness, waiting for

me to show my intentions. My first instinct was to [ 83 ]him; I had

never killed anything I [ 84 ] to kill. But I remembered that there

were children, dogs and horses; my duty,[ 85] was to kill these snake.

I went back to the ranch and returned with a stick. The rattlesnake

[ 86 ].He lay like[ 87 ]wire but when he saw the stick his tail

twitched and he drew back his head. I raised my stick but before I

could strike he shot into a dense bush and[ 88]his rattling, warning

me by this that I had made an un-provoked attack and that if I

persisted he would[ 89 ] but[ 90 ]if he could. For a moment I

listened to this ominous sound and then I struck into the bush with my stick and, hacking about, dragged him out of it with his back broken.

He stuck passionately [ 91 ] at the stick but a moment later his neck

was broken and he was soon dead. Nevertheless, when I picked him up by

the tail,his jaws snapped once more,[ 92 ] proving what I had once

been told but had[ 93 ]believed:a newly dead rattlesnake may still

bite. I dropped the body into the green bush and,as I did so,I saw him

in my mind's[ 94 ],gliding over the twilight stands as he might have

done [ 95 ] I had let him go.

76. A)starting B)camping C)last D)tiring

77. A)out of doors B)without companies

C)under the open air D)being threatened

78.A)gasped B)screamed

C)was breathless D)came to a halt

79.A)am doing B)would do

C)were to do D)might to do

80.A)no hurry B)no necessity

C)no danger D)no sense

81.A)attack B)bite

C)move D)slide

82.A)stayed where he was B)moved quickly

C)curled his head up D)rattled his tail

83. A)scare B)catch C)poke D)ignore

84. A)disliked B)was fond of

C)was not obliged D)had no mercy

85. A)doubtless B)obviously

C)reluctantly D)cruelly

86. A)had already fled B)was about to move

C)did not move D)was dying slowly

87. A)an alive B)a living

C)a live D)a lively

88. A)twisted B)set up

C)dragged D)withdrew

89. A)not avoid choosing B)decide

C)not give in D)have no choice

90.A)to take my life B)to take my life away

C)to challenge me D)to killing me

91.A)once more B)the second time

C)once a while D)from time to time

92.A)and thus B)in this way

C)thereafter D)meanwhile

93.A)faintly B)nearly

C)only half D)never before

94. A)opinion B)view

C)point D)eye

95. A)unless B)although

C)in case D)if

Paper Two

Part V Translation (20 points, 50 minutes)

Section A

Directions: Read the following passage first and then translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space in Answer Sheet.

From the beginning of our relationship, in 1977, polls have been my common frame of reference with Bill Clinton.(96)We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure out which of the positions he had already taken were the most popular. I would always draw the distinction between deciding on policy and identifying certain issues for emphasis by telling Clinton, (97)“You print the menu of the things you want. Then I’ll advise which dish to have for dinner tonight.”

(98)In that October 1994 survey, we polled 800 voters distributed across the country in proportion to each state’s share of the national vote. (99)It defies logic that interviews with 800 Americans will accurately mirror the opinions of 250 million of their countrymen. But many laws of science seem crazy. The fact is that if you got a phone book of the entire United States, from a to z, and you pulled out every 312,500th name and interviewed that person, (100)the resulting 800 interviews would accurately reflect -- within a margin of error -- the opinions of everybody who is listed in the phone book. I’ve seen it time and again. The final poll results accurately state the final election results. It’s strange.

96. We used polling not to determine what positions he would take but to figure out

which of the positions he had already taken were the most popular

97. You print the menu of the things you want. Then I’ll advise which dish to have for

dinner tonight.

98.. In that October 1994 survey, we polled 800 voters distributed across the country in

propo rtion to each state’s share of the national vote.

99. It defies logic that interviews with 800 Americans will accurately mirror the opinions

of 250 million of their countrymen.

100. … the resulting 800 interviews would accurately reflect -- within a margin of error -- the opinions of everybody who is listed in the phone book.

Section B

Directions:Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on the Answer Sheet.

美国人却为其物质的财富付出了代价：即艰苦的劳动。当最早的定居者到达北美大陆时，这里自然资源丰富，但却都未被开发利用。只有通过艰苦的劳动才能将这些自然资源转变成物质财富和舒适的生活。对历史上大多数的美国人而言，辛勤的劳动既是必要的，也是有报偿的。正因为如此，美国人逐级地把物质财富的拥有看做辛勤劳动之后应得的报偿。在某些方面，物质财富的拥有不仅仅是人们付出劳动的证明，也是其能力的表现。

Part VII Writing (10 points, 30 minutes)

Directions:

Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still claiming that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy. Here you are required to write an essay

1) criticizing their view and

2) justifying your stand.

In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below. You should write approximately 130 -150 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

中国人民大学——英语博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题 客观题部分 请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！ II. Vocabulary (10 points) PartA (5 points) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1. Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A. previously B. vLrtually C. primarily D. domestically The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__ patriotism. A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts. A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions 3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere 4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them. A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve 5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated 6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. genius B. vires C. disease D. bacteria 7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools. A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived. A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed 9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.

2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案

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