2017年上海市中考试卷(答案)

答案 第1页，共5页

2017年上海市中考试卷(答案)

第I 卷（选择题）

第II 卷（非选择题）

9. 220；并联；电

10. 运动；减小；做功

11. 会聚；运动状态；大气压强

12. 0.6；54；15

13. b ；10；0

14. 若电压表的示数为U ，说明R 2断路或R 1短路；若电压表的示数为0，说明R 1断路 15. a

；电流周围有磁场，人体内也有电流

三、实验探究题(本大题共4小题，共24.0分)

16. 0.2；3.2；动力；水平

17. 竖直；不同；光屏；小于

18. 容器底部受到水的压力增加量△F 小于重力G ；当放入的球体在水中漂浮时，容器底部受到水的压力增加量△F 等于重力G ；D 、E 、F ；物体排开液体的

19.0.24；电源电压为6V ，灯泡的额定功率为1.064W ；

四、作图题(本大题共3小题，共15.0分)

20.在图中，小球受到的重力G 为20牛，用力的图示法画出重力G ．

解：重力的大小为20N ，取标度为10N ，方向竖直向下，作用在小球的重心，如图所示：

21.在图中，根据给出的反射光线OB 画出入射光线AO ，并标出入射角的大小． 解：由图知，反射角为30°，可得入射角也为30°，在法线左侧画出入射光线，度数等于反射角为30°即可，如图所示：

22.在如图所示电路的○里填上适当的电表符号，要求：闭合电键S ，两灯均能发光． 解： 根据电路图可知，上面的电表串联在干路中，因此为电流表；中间的电表与灯泡L 1串联，因此为电流表；下面的电表与灯泡L 1并联，因此为电压表．如下图所示：

Myq教研资料---中考试题

故答案为：见上图．

五、计算题(本大题共4小题，共32.0分)

23.金属块排开水的体积为2×l0-3米3，求金属块受到浮力F浮的大小．

解：金属块所受浮力：

F浮=ρ水gV排=1.0×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×2×10-3m3=19.6N．

答：金属块受到浮力的大小为19.6N．

24.物体在50牛的水平拉力作用下沿拉力方向做匀速直线运动，10秒内前进了20米，求此过程中拉力做的功W和拉力的功率P．

解：拉力做的功：

W=Fs=50N×20m=1000J；

拉力的功率：

P===100W．

答：此过程中拉力做的功为1000J，功率为100W．

25.甲、乙两个薄壁圆柱形容器（容器足够高）置于水平地面上．甲容器底面积为6×10-2米2，盛有质量为8千克的水，乙容器盛有深度为0.1米、质量为2千克的水．

①求乙容器中水的体积V乙．

②求乙容器底部受到水的压强P乙．

③现从甲容器中抽取部分水注入乙容器后，甲、乙两容器底部受到水的压力相同，求抽水前后甲容器底部受到水的压强变化量△P 甲．

解：①因为ρ=，

所以乙容器中水的体积：

V乙===2×10-3m3；

②乙容器中水对容器底的压强：

p乙=ρ水gh乙=1.0×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×0.1m=980Pa；

③已知从甲容器中抽取部分水注入乙容器后，甲、乙两容器底部受到水的压力相同，也就是剩余水的重力相同，

甲容器剩余水的质量：

m剩==5kg，

甲抽出水的质量：

△m=m甲-m剩=8kg-5kg=3kg，

甲容器中水对容器底减小的压力：

△F=△G=△mg=3kg×9.8N/kg=29.4N，

甲容器中水对容器底压强的变化量：

△p===490Pa．

答：①乙容器中水的体积为2×10-3m3；

初中物理试卷第2页，共5页

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