【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题20篇及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题20篇及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

In order to learn a foreign language well, four things are necessary. First, we must understand

the language when we hear it spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, with confidence and without hesitation(犹豫). Thirdly, we must do much reading. Finally, we must be

able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar.

There are no shortcuts to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help, but it is

not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book. It is not much learning by heart

long lists of words and their meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using

the language.

If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.

We must "learn through use." Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.

（1）The most important things to learn a foreign language are .

A. understanding and speaking

B. Listening, speaking, reading and writing

C. writing and understanding

D. memorizing and listening

（2）Someone hears and writes English very well, but he speaks it very badly. This is because .

A.he doesn't understand the language when he hears it spoken

B.he doesn't have a good memory

C.he always remembers lists of words and their meanings

D.he often hesitates(犹豫)to practise speaking it

（3）One can never learn a foreign language well by .

A.doing much practice

B.studying the dictionary

C.learning through use

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/362286339.html,ing the language

（4）Which is the most important in learning a foreign language?

A.good memory.

B.Speaking.

C.Practice.

D.Writing.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”In order to know a foreign language thoroughly（完全地），four things are necessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”Secondly，we must be able to speak it ourselves，

with confidence and without hesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”A good memory is a great help， but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized， we are not really learning the language. We must "learn through use." Practice is important. “如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。所以选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can.“练习非常重要。我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard: "Will my baby be able to learn my language?" Be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is: "no".

New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who could have been able to understand a sentence like this: "Click here to download your digital book."? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it. Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue...and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon(现象) and don't think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue. You need to learn only 2000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics(记忆群). The first few words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it.

（1）From the first paragraph, we can infer that ______.

A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language

B. it is honest to answer "no" to a question you don't know

C. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue

D. people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language

（2）To learn a foreign language, the author advises you ______.

A.to remember new words appearing every day

B.to keep up with new ways of using old words

C.to learn at least 2,000 necessary words

D.to pay more attention to your bad memory

（3）The author's attitude to mnemonics is________.

A.supportive

B.neutral

C.opponent

D.indifferent

（4）The passage is mainly about ______.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/362286339.html,ing old words in a new way

B.learning new words from the context

C.finding a method to memorize vocabulary

D.learning vocabulary of a foreign language

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“To be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue？The answer is‘No’．“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."

The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential

of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.

Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served

as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.

The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president.

But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.

Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.

Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under

his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.

So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.

These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images

from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.

（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ .

A. talents in many ways

B. success in their careers

C. inventions in new fields

D. contributions to the country

（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________.

A. economy and power

B. independence and democracy

C. wealth and success

D. faith and glory

（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A. Men on the Money

B. the Design of US Bills

C. History on the Money

D. the Story of US Bills

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们

对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家

的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草

者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元

勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而

可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the ‘Father of his country.’"；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Rumors(谣言): we've all heard some and we've all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they circulate differently because the way we share information has also changed.

The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled(掩饰的) messages.

Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox(自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish defining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.

Another property of rumors is that they tend to become viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.

How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.

One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, "history is always told by the victors." The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor's version of the story.

（1）What's the author's attitude towards rumors?

A.Critical.

B.Positive.

C.Approving.

D.Cautious.

（2）What can we learn about rumors?

A.We have all heard some and believed them.

B.We're happy to be the receiving end of them.

C.They may have negative influence on society.

D.They often hide good intentions in the messages.

（3）How are rumors like trees?

A.Rumors keep changing, just as trees change their color.

B.Rumors are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth.

C.New rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches.

D.New rumors grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.

（4）What does the underlined word "viral" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Something easily spread

B.Something acceptable

C.Something easily defended.

D.Something beneficial.

（5）Which of the following may the author agree with?

A.It is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors.

B.People are often active in judging the rumors critically.

C.We should think about the hidden message of the rumors.

D.Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了什么是谣言，谣言的危害，特点及怎样避免谣言。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In more traditional times they shook entire families.”；第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”；以及第四段中的“Another property of rumors is that they tend to become viral.”等信息可知作者认为谣言会对个人生活和社会造成混乱，作者对谣言是批评的态度。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”可知谣言会对个人生活和社会造成混乱，给社会带来不良影响。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.”把谣言比作树，新谣言的出现填补了最初谣言留下的空白。这说明新的谣言从原来的地方冒出来，就像树枝从树干冒出来一样。故选D。（4）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.”可知每个接收者同时又是信息潜在的发送者。接收者通常还会添加自己的观点或改变信息。这是在说谣言的危害，像病毒一样容易传播。画线的“viral”即指像病毒一样容易传播，故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.”可知我们要理性对待谣言，核实信息的准确性，可信度，评估对别人的影响，即考虑谣言的背后信息。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Why is it that many people who have suffered a major shock, such as divorce or death of a family member, seem to be weaker against a variety of major and minor illness? One common idea among psychologists has been that people could deal with suffering more effectively if they were able to understand and accept it. Indeed, many experts stress the value of expressing thoughts and feelings connected with upsetting events.

Recently, a team of medical researchers studied the links between describing psychologically painful events and long-term health. In one experiment healthy college students were asked to write about either personally disturbing experiences or ordinary topics over a period of four days. In the months afterwards, students who had chosen to show their inner thoughts and feelings in their writing visited the health center for illness much less often than those who had written about everyday topics.

In an experiment that followed, another group of healthy students were given the four-day writing exercises. Some chose to write about highly personal and upsetting experiences (including loneliness, problems with family and friends, and health). When questioned immediately afterwards, they said that they did not feel any better. However, their blood samples(样本) taken before and after the experiment showed evidence of an improved resistance to illness. The white cells that fight off bacteria and viruses had increased their reaction and sensitivity to these "invaders". This trend continued over the following six weeks, when another blood sample was taken. Individuals who showed the best results were those who wrote about topics that they had actively kept from telling others about.

The researchers suggested that failure to face up to painful experience can be a form of stress itself, and can increase the possibility of illness. It follows, then, that actively dealing with a major shock makes possible its understanding and acceptance. The answer is not to suffer in silence. It may not always be possible to talk about personal problems, but writing them down will help the

body to fight disease in the long run.

（1）In the first experiment, the students who wrote about painful events ________.

A.started to suffer psychological problems

B.enjoyed sharing their inner thought and feelings

C.were less likely to seek treatment for sickness

D.couldn't deal with suffering effectively

（2）People who wrote about personal problems in the second experiment ________.

A.had more bacteria and viruses in their blood

B.had decreased feelings of loneliness

C.showed an improved white cell reaction

D.did better in their writing tasks

（3）What does the underlined word "invaders" refer to?

A.The white cells.

B.Bacteria and viruses.

C.Resistance to illness.

D.The reaction and sensitivity of the cells.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A.Suffering and Health

B.Inner Thoughts and Feelings

C.Illness and Health

D.Mental Illness and Social Acceptance

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，心理学的研究表明，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。许多专家认为将与令人不安的事件有关的思想和情感表达出来是十分重要的。不能面对痛苦的经历本身就可能是某种形式的压力，也会增加患病的可能性。所以从长远来看，不要默默忍受，说出来或者写出来将有助于身体对抗疾病。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In the months afterwards, students who had chosen to show their inner thoughts and feelings in their writing visited the health center for illness much less often than those who had written about everyday topics.”可知，在随后的几个月里，那些选择在写作中表达自己内心想法和感受的学生，比那些写过日常话题的人更少去看病。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However, their blood samples(样本) taken before and after the experiment showed evidence of an improved resistance to illness. The white cells that fight off bacteria and viruses had increased their reaction and sensitivity to these ‘invaders’.”可知，在第二个实验中写下了个人问题的人显示他们的白细胞对细菌和病毒的反应和敏感性增强了。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The white cells that fight off bacteria and viruses…”可

知，白细胞是用来对抗细菌和病毒的，因此these "invaders" 指的就是细菌和病毒这些“入侵者”。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文开头提出观点，如果人们能够理解并接受痛苦，人们就能更有效地应对它。然后通过两个实验证明，将内心的感受通过说或者写的方式表达出来从长远看会有助于身体对抗疾病。因此本文关注的话题是情感经历和健康的关系问题。选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heat attack has long been considered a grown-up problem, but a new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children. Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.

Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine. Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9 — 13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of salt daily. The average American eats twice this amount. This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.

A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity (肥胖). British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.

Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight. A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones. This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.

Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do. Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments (调味品). You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2, 000 mg in many frozen meals.

（1）What is the author's major concern?

A.Children eat too much salty food.

B.Many adults suffer from heart attack.

C.Americans consume too much salt.

D.Heart attack is now a youth problem.

（2）What does the author refer to as the cause of childhood obesity?

A.Eating more salty food.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/362286339.html,ck of physical exercise.

C.Drinking many sugary soft drinks.

D.Eating the same food as the adults.

（3）What is another disease tending to be younger according to Paragraph 4?

A.Obesity.

B.Kidney stone.

C.Blood disease.

D.Heart attack.

（4）What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A.The laws of health.

B.How to cut down on salt.

C.Healthy diet.

D.The amount of salt we need.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了盐对心脏有影响的原因，以及人们在日常生活中保持低盐的生活方式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Heat attack has long been considered a grown-up problem, but a new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children. Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later. ”长期以来，心脏病被认为是成年人的问题，但一项新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。年轻时吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题；以及第三段中的“A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.”一个有高血压的孩子更有可能成为一个有高血压的成年人，可知，文章作者特别担心孩子食用过咸的食物导致心脏病和高血压。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity (肥胖). British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. ”减少盐可能有助于阻止儿童长胖。英国的研究人员最近发现吃盐少的孩子喝的含糖饮料也更少，可知，作者认为吃多盐食品和喝过多含糖的软饮料也会使孩子长胖。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones. This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.”最近一项研究发现越来越多的美国孩子正在患肾结石。这种痛苦的病通常只在40岁以上的人才患，现在五岁的孩子也在遭受这种疾病，可知，研究发现现在肾结石这种病正在变得年轻化。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第五段中的“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do. Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments(调味品). You might also w ant to start reading nutrition labels. ”减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐渐改变。先在晚餐中加入平时一半的食盐。食用新鲜食品而非罐装或者瓶装食品。少放些调

味品。你可能也要阅读营养标签。可知，本段提供了一些可以减少食盐摄入量的方法。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

How do you spend your time？To get it, Paul T. Rankin asked sixty-eight individuals to keep an accurate, detailed record of what they did every minute of their waking hours. He discovered that 70percent of their waking time was spent on one thing only-communication. Put that evidence alongside the research findings uncovered by the Human Engineering Laboratories, they discovered that, vocabulary, more than any other factor yet known, predicts financial success. New words make us better thinkers as well as communicators. What better reason for beginning right now to extend your vocabulary？But how？

Hybrid (杂交产生的) corn combines the best qualities of several varieties to ensure maximum productivity. A hybrid approach to vocabulary should, in the same way, ensure maximum results. That's why you should use the CPD formula.

Through Context. When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across an unknown word in their reading, 84percent said, "Look it up in the dictionary. "If you do, however, you short-circuit the very mental processes needed to make your efforts most productive.

But there's another reason. Suppose someone asks you what the word "fast" means. You answer, "speedy or swift". But does it mean that in such context as "fast color "or" fast friend"？And if a horse is fast, is it securely tied or galloping at top speed？It could be either. It all depends. On the dictionary？No, on the context. After all, there are over twenty different meanings for "fast" in the dictionary. But the dictionary doesn't tell you which meaning is intended. That's why it makes such good sense to begin with context.

Through Word Parts. Now for the next step. Often unfamiliar words contain one or more parts, which, if recognized, provide definite help with meaning. Take the word "monolithic" for example. Try to separate the parts. There is the prefix mono-, meaning "one", and the root-lith, meaning "stone". Finally, there's the suffix-ic, meaning "consisting of". Those three parts add up to this definition："consisting of one stone".

To speed up your use of word parts, you will be introduced to the fourteen most important words in the English language. The prefix and root elements in those few words are found in over 14, 000words. With those amazingly useful shortcuts, you can build up vocabulary, not at a snail's pace, one word at a time, but in giant leaps, up to a thousand words at a time.

Through the Dictionary. Now you can see why you should consult the dictionary last, not first. You've looked carefully at the context. You've looked for familiar word parts. Now you play Sherlock Homes. In light of context or word parts, you try to solve a mystery. What exactly does that strange word mean? Only after you go through the mental gymnastics to come up with a tentative （不确定的） definition should you open the dictionary to see if you're right.

You are now personally involved. Your increased interest will lead to a better memory of both

word and meaning. It also encourages your development of the habits needed to accelerate your progress. And when you see in black and white the definition you had expected, what a feeling of accomplishment is yours. In that way, the CPD Formula provides the exact approaches for maximum effectiveness.

Well, there it is, your new formula-Context, Parts, Dictionary. Use it! The results will be like the money in the bank.

（1）The research findings of the Human Engineering Laboratories show that ______ .

A.intelligence and vocabularies are closely related

B.income and vocabularies are closely related

C.people of large vocabularies are bound to succeed in the future

D.vocabulary is of great importance to a student's academic performance

（2）What would most college students do while coming across an unfamiliar word？ ______

A.Seek help from others.

B.Infer the meaning through context.

C.Look for familiar word parts.

D.Consult the dictionary.

（3）What does "monolingual" mean according to the passage？ ______

A.Involving only one language.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/362286339.html,ing two languages.

C.Speaking or using many languages.

D.Involving more than one language.

（4）This passage is meant to teach readers how to ______ .

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/362286339.html,e the dictionary

B.build up vocabulary through context

C.extend vocabulary with the help of dictionaries

D.enlarge vocabulary by means of the CPD formula

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了通过CPD公式扩大词汇量的几种方法：分析

词汇的组成部分, 增加词汇部分的使用, 通过字典查阅词汇的意义和用法, 真心喜欢和使用词汇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they discovered that, vocabulary, m ore than any other factor yet known, predicts financial success”他们发现, 词汇, 而非其他你所知道的因素, 预测了

金融方面的成功)可知人类工程实验室的研究结果表明：金融与词汇密切相关，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across an unknown word in their reading, 84percent said, "Look

it up in the dictionary”当大学生被问到阅读遇到生词该怎么办时, 84%的人都说去查字典，可

知当遇到一个不熟悉的单词时, 大多数大学生会查阅字典。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“There is the prefix mono-, meaning‘one’, and the root-

lith, meaning‘stone’. Finally, there's the suffix-ic, mean ing‘consisting of’. Those three parts add up to this definition：‘consisting of one stone’”前缀mono-, 意思是一个；词根lith意思是石头；后缀-ic意思是组成。这三个部分共同达这样的意思：由一种石头组成)故可推测monolingual的意思是：只有一种语言。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"there it is, your new formula-Context, Parts, Dictiona ry . Use it!The results will be like the money in the bank. ”好了, 你的新CPD, 使用它, 结果就像存在银行里的钱一样，可推测文章的主要目的是鼓励读者通过CPD公式扩大词汇量。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Organic food (有机食品) is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food. Some parents and pet owners pay up to 200 percent more for organic food while some people think organic food is a waste of money.

There is one main difference between organic and nonorganic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides (杀虫剂). This makes sure that the products are natural. Some people think "organic" means "locally grown". At the beginning, this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren't enough organic materials. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.

Is organic food more nutritious (有营养的)? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers (消费者) believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health experts disagree. Few studies prove that organic food prevents health problems. Health experts worry more about bacteria (细菌). These can come into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully.

Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.

（1）What is probably the major concern(关注) of organic food consumers?

A.Price.

B.Safety.

C.Freshness.

D.Variety.

（2）What is the doctors' suggestion?

A.Grow your own food.

B.Reduce the use of pesticides.

C.Make sure the food is clean.

D.Buy large companies' products.

（3）Which of the following do most people agree on organic food?

A.It tastes better.

B.It is easier to grow.

C.It contains more fat.

D.It is more nutritious.

（4）Where does this text probably come from?

A.A health magazine.

B.A medical report.

C.A chemistry paper.

D.A menu of a restaurant.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了人们在有机食物的价格，有机食物是否更有营养等方面持有不同的观点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.”可知，有机食品消费者们认为安全总比后悔好，所以愿意为了安全花更多的钱。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully.”可知，医生建议要非常细心的清洗农产品。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better.”可知，大多数人同意自然生长的食物（即有机食品）味道更好。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了有机食物的有关信息，并提到了人们对于其营养，价格等方面的不同意见，属于饮食、健康方面的文章。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.

Russia's late nights and early mornings generally correspond(相一致)to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleep fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey(冰球)final.

The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. British people stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the World Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a tool to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who select to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious (注重健康的) among us have such deep swings(明显改变)in our sleep levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

（1）What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?

A.They don't fall asleep until very late.

B.They don't sleep much on weekends.

C.They get less sleep on public holidays.

D.They sleep longer than people elsewhere.

（2）The underlined word "deprivation" in the last paragraph but one means_______.

A.depression

B.trouble

C.observation

D.loss

（3）Why do some rich people use a tool to record their sleep patterns?

A.They want to get more sleep.

B.They have trouble falling asleep.

C.They are involved in a sleep research.

D.They want to go to bed on regular hours.

（4）What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A.It is important to study our sleep patterns.

B.Few people really know the importance of sleep.

C.Sleeplessness does harm to people's health.

D.Average people probably sleep more than the rich.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们熬夜或早起的原因各不相同。从收集到的数据来看，体育赛事、时间改变、假期等因素让我们失去最多的睡眠。这个数据令人震惊，然而却几乎没人意识到睡眠对我们是多么的重要。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Russia's late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime,

hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.”在公共假日，俄罗斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄罗斯人有了世界上最迟的就寝时间，大约凌晨3点30分睡觉。可知，俄罗斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接着讲述世界杯期间，英国人比平常晚睡半小时又比平常早起，可知由于世界杯赛时很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英国人睡眠不足的主要原因。可推知stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss关系。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“…. not everyone has a tool to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who select to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”不是每个人都有记录睡眠模式的工具；在这些国家中，可能只有最富有的人才会这样做。选择跟踪自己睡眠的人可能会试图比普通人睡得更多。可知，一些富人使用工具来记录他们的睡眠模式就是为了比一般人睡的多点。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?”尽管如此，上述发现仍然令人震惊。如果我们当中最有健康意识的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此剧烈的波动，那么我们其余的人会失去多少睡眠呢？可推断出，很少有人意识到睡眠的重要性，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Speaking of children--what child doesn't like to jump around and act silly sometimes? Monkeys are also known for acting silly. So, when kids act up, parents or teachers may tell them to stop monkeying around. It means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time. Now, in the United States, children do not usually have monkeys as pets, but they do often have dogs. And dogs make most children feel happy. But for some reason, we use "dog" in a phrase that means to feel unwell. If you are as sick as a dog, you are really sick and will most likely stay home from work or school.

Besides, dogs and cats are also favorite pets here in the States. This next phrase combines cats and secrets to make a very common expression. Let's say you know a secret, a big secret. And let's say you tell it to people. You have just let the cat out of the bag! This idiom means revealing (揭示) a secret or telling facts that were previously (先前) unknown.

If you let the cat out of the bag, you spoil a surprise. So, if your friend is planning a big surprise birthday for another friend, don't let the cat out of the bag by accidentally saying it in front of the birthday girl. Even though this is a very common idiom, the origin of "to let the cat out of the bag" is also unknown.

If you are doing an outdoor activity--such as hiking in the woods, or having a picnic in a park--

what are some things that may disturb your good time? Bad weather could. And so could bugs! Crawling pests like ants, and flying ones like mosquitoes, could make your experience uncomfortable or annoying.

So, when we bug people we bother them so much that we affect their good time. This common expression is often said as a command: "Stop bugging me!"

（1）According to the passage, "monkeying around" is considered _______.

A.silly

B.wrong

C.proper

D.happy

（2）If you ask somebody to reveal a secret, you may use the phrase "_______".

A.stop bugging me

B.as sick as a dog

C.monkeying around

D.let the cat out of the bag

（3）What is the meaning of the phrase "stop bugging me"?

A.Don't trouble me.

B.Give up your good time.

C.Stop feeling annoyed.

D.Don't comfort me.

（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A.The names of animals in the English language.

B.The meaning of some English phrases.

C.The origins of phrases about animals.

D.The strange usages of some words.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个有趣的带有动物名称的英语习语的意思，以及它们适用的情景。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Monkeys are also known for acting silly. So, when kids act up, parents or teachers may tell them to stop monkeying around. It means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.”猴子也以愚蠢而闻名。因此，当孩子们行动起来时，父母或老师可能会告诉monkeying around。它意味着做一些没用或不严肃的事情，或者只是浪费时间。可知，通常把孩子们胡闹称为monkeying around，这种行为被认为是silly的。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Let's say you know a secret, a big secret. And let's say you tell it to people. You have just let the cat out of the bag! This idiom means revealing (揭示) a secret or telling facts that were previously (先前) unknown.”(假设你知道一个秘密，一个大秘

密。假设你把它告诉别人。你刚刚泄露了秘密!，可知let the cat out of the bag指的是透露一个秘密或者告诉别人以前未知的事实。如果你要求某人透露一个秘密，会用到这个习语。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“when we bug people we bother them so much that we affect their good time. This common expression is often said a s a command: ‘Stop bugging me！’”当我们打扰别人的时候，我们会打扰他们太多以至于影响了他们的好时光。这个常见的表达经常被当作命令来使用:“Stop bugging me !”可知当我们打扰别人或影响别人时，别人会说Stop bugging me，意为“别打扰我，别烦我”。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文介绍了monkeying around(It means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.)，as sick as a dog(If you are as sick as a dog, you are really sick and will most likely stay home from work or school.)，let the cat out of the bag(This idiom means revealing (揭示) a secret or telling facts that were previously (先前) unknown.)，stop bugging me(when we bug people we bother them so much that we affect their good time.)四个有趣的带有动物名称的英语习语的意思，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

中考英语阅读理解专项讲解

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