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阅读理解方法归纳

阅读理解方法归纳
阅读理解方法归纳

阅读理解方法

一、阅读顺序

1、找要素。时间、地点、人物、事件(起因、经过、结果)

2、理顺序。研究记叙的顺序(顺叙、插叙、倒叙)、文章怎样过渡和照应、如何开头和结尾

3、抓线索。线索是情节发展的脉络,线索的作用在于联系事件和场面,贯串情节。一篇文章以什么为线索,是由文章的中心决定的。根据文章中心需要,可以①以人为线;②以事为线;③以物为线;④以情为线;⑤以时间为线;

⑥以地点为线。有的文章有明(事件)、暗(感情)两条线索。

4、品情感。阅读时,首先要把握住作者的感情脉搏。在人物的描写事件的记叙中融注作者深切而独特的情感。

5、析哲理。抒情散文中的“哲理”常常隐含在以下几方面:①文中的警句;

②篇末的结束语;③神话、传说、典故的类比;④象征;⑤“物”的形象。

二、考点及答题指导:

1、表达方式

记叙的作用:交代事件,刻画人物,突出中心

议论的作用:表明观点,点明中心,深化主题,画龙点睛。

抒情的作用:表达情感,升华感情

记叙人称的作用:第一人称(我、我们)真实感人,增强亲切感。

第二人称(你、你们)便于抒发强烈的感情,更具感染力和亲切感。(或:使表达的感情更强烈、更充沛。)

2、描写及其作用:

⑴人物描写的方法有:①外貌描写、语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、神态描写(正面描写)。

②正面(直接)描写、侧面烘托(间接)。

人物描写作用:形象准确地揭示了……(人物)的……心情(心理、性格)等。

⑵景物(环境)描写的作用:①交代人物活动的时间、环境;②渲染了……的气氛(氛围)③烘托了…人物的……心情、性格等;④推动情节的发展,为下文……(情节)做铺垫;⑤深化作品的……主题;⑥暗示社会环境的……;

3、议论的作用:抒发作者……情感,突出……中心,深化主题,画龙点睛。

4、修辞手法及作用:

常见修辞:比喻、拟人、排比、夸张、反问、设问。

⑴比喻:把……比作……,生动形象地写出了……的……特点,表达了作者对……的……感情。

⑵拟人:将……当作人来写,把……写活了,生动形象写出了……特点,表达了作者对……的……之情。

⑶排比:强调了……的……特点,增强了文章的语言气势,表达了作者的……之情。

(4)夸张:可以深刻地表现作者对事物的鲜明的感情态度,从而引起读者的强烈共鸣;通过对事物的形象渲染,可以引起人们丰富的想象,有利于突出事物的本质和特征。

(5)叠词、短句:使文章富有节奏感,具有音韵美,读起来朗朗上口。

(6)引用:衬托了……的品质,突出了主人公的某种精神”。

(7)设问:引起读者对+对象+特性的注意和思考

(8)反问:强调,加强语气等;

5、表现手法(写作手法):

表现手法(写作手法):对比衬托、画龙点睛铺垫(引出下文、铺陈夸张)、想象、联想、象征、托物言志(借物抒情、以物喻人)、以小见大、欲扬先抑、设置悬念等。

6、关键句的作用:

A. 内容方面(联系中心;联系上下文;联系作者的思想感情;联系背景,)

B.结构方面(中心句)

⑴在首段或段首、篇首:开篇点题(开门见山);总领下文,或引起下文的作用;渲染气氛,设置悬念,吸引读者;埋下伏笔(为下文作铺垫)。

⑵中间过渡段:承上启下的过渡作用。总结上文;总领下文;

⑶尾段或段尾、篇尾:总结上文;点明中心,深化主题、画龙点睛;前后照应(首尾圆合),使结构更加严谨;发人深思、耐人寻味,给人“余音绕梁”的感觉。

(4)首尾照应的作用:使文章内容完整,结构严谨,增强文章的真实感和感染力,以更好地表达文章的中心。

7、关键词的赏析:⑴、该词的本义;⑵、该词的深层含义(比喻义、引申义、象征义);⑶、该词在本句中的含义(对句子内容的理解),结合句子作答; (4)、该词表达了作者的什么情感。

8、关键句的赏析——四抓四联系:

四抓:抓关键词、抓修辞手法、抓表现手法、抓表达方式(描写);

四联系:联系上下文、联系主题、联系作者情感、联系写作背景或目的。

四阅读步骤:第一、巧用信息整体把握。第二、确定区域圈点勾画。第三、注意摘取原文。第四、“十六字”方针。1、字不离词。 2、词不离句。3、句不离段。 4、段不离篇。

四、句子含义的解答:

这样的题目,句子中往往有一个词语或短语用了比喻、对比、借代、象征等表现方法。答题时,把它们所指的对象揭示出来,再疏通句子,就可以了。

五、某句话中某个词换成另一个行吗?为什么?

动词:不行。因为该词准确生动具体地写出了……

形容词:不行。因为该词生动形象地描写了……

副词(如:都,大都,非常,只有等):不行。因为该词准确地说明了……的情况(表程度,表限制,表时间,表范围等),换了后就变成……与事实不符。

六、一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换?为什么?

不能。因为(1)与人们认识事物的(由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质)规律不一致(2)该词与上文是一一对应的关系(3)这些词是递进关系,环环相扣,不能互换。

七、给文章分段(归并法)1、按时间顺序分段。 2、按地点变换分段。

3、按事情发展顺序分段

4、按事物的内容性质分段。

八、概括段落大意

1、学会摘句法:A、总分结构的段落,概括段意抓住总写句。

B、承上启下的过渡句,其中“承上”部分往往是上一段的段意,“启下”部分往往是下一段的段意。

C、要摘录几句才能概括段意时,要对句子作适当压缩。

2、采用层意归并法。(层与层之间是并列关系)

3、选取主要意思。在一段中写到几个内容,其中有主要内容,也有次要内容,在概括这类段落的段意时,就要对这些内容进行“筛选”,选取主要内容作为段意,删去次要内容。

九、段意的归纳的表达方法:

1.记叙文:回答清楚(什么时间、什么地点)什么人做什么事格式:(时间+地点)+人+事。

2.说明文:回答清楚说明对象是什么,它的特点是什么,

格式:说明(介绍)+说明对象+说明内容(特点)

十、概括文章主要内容

1、用课题发展法概括文章主要内容。

2、抓重点段概括文章主要内容。

3、用段意归并法概括文章主要内容。

十一、概括文章中心思想

1、概括文章的中心思想要包括“文章主要内容”和“思想感情”两部分。

2、概括文章中心思想的常用方法:

1)用分析题目的方法概括思想。如:《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》的“舍身”二字包含有董存瑞为了革命事业英勇献身的英雄气概和大无畏精神。

2)用分析中心句的方法概括思想。如:《鸟的天堂》一课的中心句是:那“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊!从这句可知作者对鸟的天堂、对大自然的热爱之情。

3)用分析主要情节的方法概括思想。如《麻雀》一课,母雀为了护子,挺身而出准备与猎狗搏斗。这体现了老麻雀的爱子精神。

4)用分析主要人物的方法来概括思想。如《珍贵的教科书》一课的中心,要从指导员的身上去分析,从中体会他关心下一代及不怕牺牲的革命精神。

3、概括中心思想的基本形式:(部分列举)

1)课文写了()表达了()。

2)课文写了()赞美了()。

3)课文写了()说明了()。

4)课文写了()告诉了()。

5)课文写了()表达了()赞美了()。

我们也可以从文中去找,在文章的每一段特别是第一段或最后一段的第一句或最后一句,文章中富有哲理性的句子往往是作者所要表达的主题。

十二、给文章加上标题

一般来讲,给文章加标题可以从“内容”和“中心”两个方面去考虑。给文章加题目的基本步骤是:一读二想三加

十三、文中划线句子运用了什么表达方式?有什么作用?

人物描写还可细分为语言描写、动作描写、心理描写、肖像描写和细节描写,描写的作用是使文章生动、形象、感人。抒情的运用,能增强文章的感染力,突出文章的中心。

神话故事、民间传说以及自然界当中的神奇景象的描述,它的作用是增加了所写内容的神秘色彩,引起读者的兴趣。

十四、文中某句话有什么含义?或告诉我们什么深刻的道理?请说说你的理解。

这种问题的回答不是简单地从文中寻找现成的句子就可以解决的,这需要我们的同学平时多读多看多积累,多看并记住一些富有哲理性的名言警句,这样才能真正地理解文章的意思,丰富回答内容,用自己的语言把自己对文章的理解准确地表达出来。

十五、说明文的阅读理解。

对于说明文的阅读理解,我们可以抓住三点:说明对象、说明顺序、说明方法。

说明顺序就是三种:包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。

说明方法有分类别、举例子、打比方、列数据、作比较、下定义、作诠释、画图表、引资料。

分类别:可以将复杂的事物说清楚。

举例子:使内容具体、加强说服力的作用。

打比方:突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性。

列数字:使说明的事物更具体,便于读者理解相关内容。

作比较:用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象,事物的特征也往往在比较

十六、答题注意事项:

一、通读全文,把握文章内容,理清脉络。答题时切忌文章都没完整的阅读就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍,对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。

二、弄清题意,确定解决问题的阅读空间。在通读全文的基础上再去浏览所设试题,经过初步的思考,确定解决问题的阅读空间。

三、从文章中直接提取信息。有些试题可以用文中的原话来作答,这时就可以“从文章中直接提取信息”,回答问题。

四、挖掘句子的隐含信息和深层含义。有些试题则需要结合全文内容,挖掘句子的隐含信息,经过缜密的思考,寻求完美的答案。

五、组织语言规范答题,认真书写。答案基本考虑成熟之后,还需要注意一下表述的语言。语言简洁明了,能达到事半功倍的效果;重复口罗嗦,不得要领,往往会出力不讨好。

初中英语任务型阅读理解七下有答案

初中英语任务型阅读理解(七下) 1. If you go to , maybe some people can understand you. 2. Egyptians speak . 3. If you go to , you must learn Russian well. 4. The capital of Singapore is . 5. From the form(表格), we can see that is the most important language. 二 I’ve got some information for everyone going to Britain next month. As you know, you’ll be staying with a family for two weeks. Now the most important thing is money. You should take about £30 in cash(现金) and about £200 in travelers cheques(支票). Then when you arrive at the airport you’ll be met by our host(主人) family. You must remember to wear a red shirt so the family will find you easily. I’ve told them to look out for the red shirts. You’ll also need to take with you 4 photos of yourself and, of course, it’s very important that you take the school letter. While you are there, if you have any problems, you can call our agent(代理人). I’ll give you her office phone number now: It’s 580-4436 and the person to ask for is Mrs. Belcher, that’s B-E-L-C-H-E-R. She’s in the office from 9-5 every day. OK! That’s everything. Have a good trip. In the west, there can be some abbreviations(缩略词) in some advertisements(广告) of the newspaper. Here’s an advertisement for an apartment. Most of the words in it are abbreviations, for example, Lrg. apt, i.e.(即) Large apartment; lrg. lvrm, i.e. Large living-room. Now, please read the advertisement carefully, and 2. If you rent(租用) the apartment, do(千万) remember not to bring any , like dogs, cats, birds and so on. 3. There is a large living-room and two in the apartment. 4. The location(位置) of the building is very . 5. If you rent the apartment, you must pay(付) dollars(美元) every month. 四 My name is Mary Connor. I’m American and I’m a nurse in Rosewood Hospital. I’m 20 and single(独身). My hobbies are tennis and computer games. My brother is also a nurse. Our parents are from the USA but we live in Brighton now. My mother is a painter(画家) and my father is a doctor. I like a penfriend from China or Japan. Please write to: 63 Lily Road, London SWL, England.

小学语文级阅读知识点汇总

小学语文1-6年级阅读知识点汇总 解题步骤 1.通读文章,了解主要内容,揣摩中心思想。 2.认真通读所有题目,理解题意,明确题目的要求。 3.逐条解答,要带着问题,仔细地阅读有关内容,认真地思考、组织答案。4.检查,看回答是否切题,内容是否完整,语句是否通顺,标点是否正确。 主要题型及其解题方法 第一部分:词语 一、某句话中某个词换成另一个行吗为什么 动词:不行。因为该词准确生动具体地写出了…… 形容词:不行。因为该词生动形象地描写了…… 副词:如(如:都,大都,非常只有等):不行。因为该词准确地说明了……的情况(表程度,表限制,表时间,表范围等),换了后就变成……,与事实不符。 (注:有些是可以换的,不要一律写不能换,要根据题目看看具体能不能哦!) 二、动词理解。 XX生动表现了人(事)物XX的特点(情状)(或描绘出一幅……的场景),反映了人物……的心情 三、一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换为什么 答:不能。因为: (1)与人们认识事物的(由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质)规律不一致;(2)该词与上文是一一对应的关系; (3)这些词是递进关系,环环相扣,不能互换。 (注:有些是可以的,不要一律写不能,要根据题目看看具体能不能哦!) 第二部分:句子 一、句子分析

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上海市中考英语英语 任务型阅读理解专题练习(附答案)

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小学阅读的重点是培养对语言文字的感受理解、积累和初步的运用能力。高年级的阅读重点是提高阅读的速度和质量,体会词语的感情色彩,句子的含义及表达效果,揣摩文章的叙述顺序,领悟文章的表达方法等。 小学语文阅读理解考察的内容包括: 1、理解加点字、词,体会句子的含义 2、概括文章(段落)的主要内容 3、揭示文章的中心思想 4、对文章关键人物的评价以及系生活实际谈感受。 如何读懂文章 要在阅读上有所突破,首先要培养习惯,读懂文章后再动笔。 “读懂文章”:即读完文章后,(1)知道这篇文章写的是什么?写人还是写事,写景还是写物?(2)作者写这篇文章是要表达某种情感还是说明某个道理?(3)我能概括出文章的内容。(4)我能用几个词语说说主人公的品质或心情。(5)文章的题目是想表达什么?是主人公,还是主要内容,还是中心?题眼很重要,不能放过。 一、联系上下文理解加点字、词 1、联系上下文解释词语 例如:瞻前顾后。所谓“瞻前顾后”具体是指联系文章前后文的句子明确词义,在具体语境中揣摩词义的变化,用自己最通俗的语言表达出来。 答题方法:应先答出本来意思,再答出在文中的意思。 解释词语的方法有很多,找近、反义词;抓住关键词解释等。 2、直接理解加点字、词,表达作者什么感情? (举例:《梅花魂》中祖父“轻轻地用刀片刮去,慢慢地抹”这几个词体现了什么?/在文中有什么表达效果?/你如何理解这几个词?) 方法:解释字、词在句子中的意思,结合文章中心。 3、加点字、词换成另外的字、词,好不好? 4、加点字、词删去,好不好?

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