词汇学题型说明-2010级

2011-2012(1)《实用英语词汇学》试题题型说明

注意：另给答题纸，请在答题纸上答题。试卷不能带走，交回监考老师，否则算考场违规处理。

考试科目：《实用英语词汇学》考试时间：12月23日考试地点：待定

考试题型以及分值比例如下：

一、判断15分。以给的内容为重要参考，但需要你慢慢、细细理解，因为考试

的时候是要对原题做适当变动的，究竟调整过后的句子是否还是True or

题目，老师都给出了为什么是F的理由，对此要好好理解。

例如：( F ) Lexicology is a branch of literature. （应为of linguistics）

二、选择题，10 分，20题。注意理解老师给的练习，不能尽是死背。

三、词缀搭配。（已给出词缀和词缀的意义，都是英语，请把他们匹配，要求只

写字母代号进行匹配，其他答题方式不接受），15 分。（30个, 前20个来自22-27页，后10个来自171-205页，每个0.5分。其中的5分有难度！）请注意写好大小写，大小写错的不给分。

四、写出下列英语词汇学学术语和其他英语单词的中文意思15分，30个，前20

个来自168-170页，后10个来自171-205页。其中5分有难度！）请注意写好代号的大小写，大小写错的一律不给分。

五、名词解释。10*1.5==15分，共10个，范围含盖全书！以老师给的内容为主。

需要一定答题时间！

六、Answering问答15分。共5个！5*3=15分。注意看例子，需要一定答题

时间！

七、Writing 论述，共1题。（结合自身的学习体验和收获写一篇作文，要求以3

段进行阐述，该部分就是作文题！这个部分要求大家对整个章节的要点有所理解才可以写得比较流畅，因为没有对课本内容的大致理解就谈不上感受，更谈不上自己的看法了！该部分不要求你谈得很仔细，但要有内容，说

明你确实懂得一些词汇学的内容了，能举例的更好。）15分。（要求

左右，看看你能否把你所背诵和默写的文章句型用得上。。。。。。）

题时间！

该题目来自于每个章节后的练习中的这类题目：Write a composition………

说明：1、本次考试题型、分数都比较分散。这是一次较有挑战性的考试，有比较容易的部分，也有比较难的部分，目的就是让真心付出、学习刻苦努力的同学有所回报，更要让大家在备考的过程中，切实提高词汇量和词汇知识。希望同学们早做准备。

2、不要借鉴其他任何以往班级的资料，否则遭受损失的将是自己，这样的冒险不值得, 只能说太有风险了！请大家根据老师所给的题型和要求扎实备

！上学期有一位同学因携带超细小、超清晰

因为分明是为了作弊而精心准备的，请大家引以为戒，不要给自己的大学时代留下任何污点。美好的大学生活人生只有一次，切记！

4、总的来说，老师将结合同学们的平时表现进行合理、公平的判分，并根据大家平时最终的表现合理评估是否要对平时分进行计算调整，争取让大家有一个公平、合理、较为理想的结果。对于此次考试，请大家不要过多担心，但是前提是：打铁要靠本身硬，你必须全力以赴！！这个世界永远都是因果辨证的，你的付出、痛苦和委屈将会带来实在的回报，过多的抱怨只会浪费你宝贵时间并暴露你的无能，而不会给你带来任何实质性的帮助。。。。。所以，赶快行动，抓紧复习吧！

5、感谢大家对老师工作的支持，相信大家经过了这门课程的挣扎和洗礼，一定对大学学习有了进一步深入的体会，同时，英语词汇和相关能力一定会有所

祝福大家！！！

具体题型如下：(在看该部分之前，请大家好好研读以上内容，真实的题目是有一定陷阱的)

PartⅠJudge whether the following statements are true or false. (15 points total, 1 point for each).

( F ) 1. Lexicology is a branch of literature. （应为of linguistics）

( T) 2. In linguistics, the word is studied as a unit of language in general, not of any particular language.

( F ) 3. Words occur in isolation very often when used in actual speech. (应为do not occur)

( F ) 4. The study of words has nothing to do with stylistics. (应为has something to do)

( F ) 5. Angles, Saxons, and Jutes brought the English language to Scotland.

(应为to Britain)

( T ) 6. All the history of the British people has contributed to the making of the English language and its vocabulary what it is today.

( F ) 7. The Indo-European Language Family is made up of most languages of Europe, Africa, and India. (应为of Europe, the Near East, and India) ( T ) 8. A synthetic language is one, which shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections. The prehistoric Indo-European

parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, and so it is

a synthetic language.

( T ) 9. English is more closely related to German than French.（要熟悉那个语

系表）

( F ) 10. The Indo-European language Family has many branches. The first people known to inhabit England were Anglo-Saxon. (应为The first

people known to inhabit England were Celts , and their language is

called Celtic, the earliest language.)

( T ) 11. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English. (refer…as: 把。。。称作)

( F ) 12. English is a heavy borrower.

( T ) 13. Middle English vocabulary retained many inflections, but inflection was never the main characteristic of the Middle English vocabulary. ( T ) 14. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.

( T ) 15. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.

( T ) 16. Morpheme is a minimal meaningful unit of a language.

( T) 17. The morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.

( F) 18. An affix that form new words with a stem or root is inflectional affix.

(应为Affixes are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical

relationship, thus they are known as inflectional morphemes.)

( F ) 19. A root is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. (应为is a form which cannot be further analyzed.)

( T) 20. A free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning, but a bound morpheme never occurs in isolation.

( F) 21. A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. The inflectional morpheme –s of books, pigs, horses has the same meaning more than

one, yet it has three different phonological forms: / -s, -z, -iz / . The

three forms are variants of the same morphemes–s. They are called

morphs. (应为They are called allomorphs)

( T ) 22. According to Wittgenstein (1953), the meaning of a word is its use in the language.

( F ) 23. Reference is the relationship between language and the linguistic symbols. (应为between language and the world)

(F ) 24. Every word that has meaning does not have sense. Sense is simply the

meaning of a word in a language. (应为Every word that has meaning

has sense)

(F ) 25. Motivation tells us about a logical explanation of word meaning. (应为

Motivation is the connection between the linguistic symbol and its

meaning.)

(T ) 26. If you know the meaning of the morphemes, you can guess the meaning of the words.

(F ) 27. Semantic motivation can affect the meaning of words. (应为Semantic

motivation is the mental associations based on the conceptual meaning

of a word. )

(T ) 28. If you know the origins or the history of words, you can guess the meanings of the words.

( F) 29. Grammatical meaning is more important than lexical meaning in a language. (无所谓谁更重要的问题)

( T) 30. The conceptual meaning is meaning given in the dictionary.

(T ) 31. Associative meaning is open-ended and indeterminate.

(F ) 32. Elevation is a process by which a word with a specialized sense is

generalized to cover a broader or less definite concept. (应为Elevation

is a process by which a word moves from a derogatory or neutral sense

to a neutral or appreciative sense.)

(F) 33. Narrowing and degradation are processes in the change of word

meaning by which the meaning of the word shifts from a wider sense to

a narrow or bad one. (看90和92页定义)

(F ) 34. Americans, in the author’s eyes, are not people who enjoy employing

euphemism in their daily life. (应为who tend to employ)

(T) 35. Different contexts give a word different meanings.

(F) 36. Poison now means “poisonous drink”, but its old use is “drink”. This

semantic change reflects the degradation of word meaning. (应为This

semantic change reflects the narrowing of word meaning. )

(T ) 37. Almost every word we use today has a slightly different meaning from the one it had a century ago; and a century ago it had a slightly different

meaning from the one it had a century before that.

(T) 38. Lodwig defines context as the total environment in which the word appears; context refers to the sentence context, or discourse or text

because they are where a word normally acquires its meaning.

(F) 39. Dictionaries determine the meanings of English words only.

(应为Dictionaries by no means determine the meanings of English

words . It is context that determines the very sense of word meaning.

Meaning depends on context and lives in context. Context defines

meaning. )

(F ) 40. In the sentence “The ball was attractive”, the ball only refers to “round

object to play in a game”.(这里的ball应该可以理解为‘球’或‘晚会’

都可以)

(T ) 41. The importance of clue lies in the fact that it can help us in arriving at the meanings of words.

PartⅡChoose the one that best completes the sentence. (10 points , 0.5 point for each) 该部分来自以下题目为主，真题有所变动。以下已给答案。所以需要大家好好理解以下句子，变动后方可作出正确选择。

1. Why a language becomes a global language has A to do with the

number of people who speak it. It has much more to do with who those speakers are.

A. little

B. few

C. anything

D. something

2. Language exists only in the brains, mouths, ears, hands and eyes of its users.

When they succeed on the international stage, their language _______. When they fail, their language fail. D

A. wins

B. prevails

C. emerges

D. succeeds

3. English is spoken as a native language by more than 300 million people, most

of them living in North America, the British Isles, Australia, New Zealand, the________, and South Africa. B.

A. Pacific

B. Caribbean

C. Asia

D. Europe

4. The language has penetrated deeply into the international _______ of political

life, business, safety, communication, entertainment, the media, and education.

The convenience of having a lingua franca available to serve global human relations and needs has come to be appreciated by millions. C

A. fileds

B. realms

C. domains

D. spheres

5. Usually a small number of languages have been designated official languages

for an organization’s activities; for example, the UN was established with five official languages----English, French,__________, Russian, and Chinese. A

A. Spanish

B. Portuguese

C. Arabic

D. Indian

6. English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological

structures of English words and word equivalents, their _______structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. A

A. semantic

B. phonemic

C. stylistic

D. synchronic

7. A __________ is a kind of mirror reflecting the character, the mentality and the activity of the people who use it. D

A. grammar

B. lexicology

C. syntax

D. vocabulary

8. The discoveries of Columbus and the opening up of the New World brought the English into contact with Spanish, and through it, many _______words were introduced. B

A. Spanish

B. American Indian

C. Caribbean

D. West Indian

9. Because the vocabulary grows and changes with the development of human society, the study of lexicology must be connected with the study of________. A

A. the history of the people

B. the suffering of a nation

C. identity of a nation

D. the process of civilization

10. Nouns, adjectives, verbs, numerals, and adverbs are________ words or notional words, because they are meaningful in themselves, even if they appear in isolation. Full words function as independent members in sentences. C

A. loan

B. native

C. full

D. learned

11. A polysemic word has a range of different meanings while a monosemic word consists of _________. In English polysemy is the rule, but monosemy is the exception. A

A. a single meaning

B. a surface meaning

C. an implied meaning

D. negative meaning

12. In the study of words, it is important to know about the history of the vocabulary. As language develops, the vocabulary of the language also develops. The English language is not the language of the early inhabitants of the British Isles. The early history of English is __________. B

A. Niger-Kordofamian Family

B. the Indo-European Language Family

C. Macro-Siouan Family

D. Sino-Tibetan Family

13. It is assumed that the world has approximately 5000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly 25 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and_________. C

A. structure

B. form

C. grammar

D. function

14. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes controlled the England. Their language, historically known as________, also dominated the land. C

A. Avon-Kent

B. Anglo-Jute

C. Anglo-Saxon

D. Anglo-Jute

15. In five Romance languages, namely, ________, Spanish, French, Italian, and Romanian, all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language Latin. A

A. Portuguese

B. Norwegian

C. Dutch

D. English

16. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It is a ______just like modern German. A

A. highly inflected language

B. richly derived language

C. widely borrowed language

D. broadly created language

17. Endings of nouns and adjectives marking distinction of number, case and often of gender lost their distinctive forms. The same is true of the verb. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ________. B

A. suffixed endings

B. leveled endings

D. complex endings

D. derived endings

18. In Modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evloved from a synthetic language(Old English) to the present__________language. A

A. analytic

B. conventional

C. typological

D. diachronic

19. The main reasons for the frequent appearance of ________are the progress of science and technology, socio-economic, political, and cultural changes, and the influence of other cultures and languages. D

A. denizens

B. aliens

C. archaisms

D. neologisms

20. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, _______, ________. D

A. cutural exchange/lending

B. free derivation/borrowing

C. back formation/creation

D. semantic change/borrowing

21. Isolating language is a language in which each word form consists typically of a single morpheme. Examples are Classical Chinese(to a far greater extent than the modern Chinese languages) and________. A

A. Vietnamese

B. Lithuanian

C. Icelandic

D. Bulgarian

22. Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human ______, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, and language. A

A. cognition

B. mentality

C. reflection

D. ideology

23. Motivation accounts for the ________between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. D

A. relation

B. complexion

C. circumstance

D. connection

24. In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for these words were created because of imitating the natural sounds or noises. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. This is called ______ motivation. A

A. onomatopoeic

B. semantic

C. morphological

D. etymological

25. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the

conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and ________sense of the word. B

A. metaphorical

B. figurative

C. descriptive

D. colloquial

26. Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Conceputal meaning forms the __________for communications and it is constant and relatively stable. B

A. center

B. basis

C. focus

D. key

27. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the _________, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. D

A. word-building

B. word-formation

C. word-composition

D. word-meaning

28. Collocative meaning consists of the________ a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. A

A. associations

B. occurrence

C. consideration’

D. assumption

29. The synonyms of pretty and handsome offer good illustration of an English collocation. These two words share the conceptual meaning of good-looking, but are distinguished by the ________of nouns they collocate with. C

A. intensity

B. scope

C. range

D degree

30. English dictionary-making began in________times, that is before the Norman Conquest, and it grew from a practice which in itself had nothing to do with dictionaries. C

A. Golden

B. Roman

C. Anglo-Saxon

D. Silver

31. The first dictionaries in England were printed in Latin. Latin at this time was

the ______of scholars, who considered it a more refined and important language than English. A

A. international language

B. national language

C. dialect of separated languages

D. local language

32. It was not until the seventeenth century, when printing was well established, that the first real English dictionaries of importance appeared, for they defined English words in terms of other English words, and in this respect resembled our dictionaries of today. Different from our modern dictionaries, they dealt with only “__________”. A

A. hard words

B. loan words

C. native words

D. complex words

33. Among the first English dictionaries published were_______Table Alphabetical of Harad Words (1604), and John Bollokar’s An English Expositor(1616). B

A. Samuel Johnson’s

B. Robert Caswdrey’s

C. Noah Webster’s

D. David Crystal’s

34. The first complete dictionary was_________ A Universal Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, the first edition of which appeared in 1721. As his title suggests, Bailey gives the origins of words a new emphasis. His etymological purposes lead him away from the “hard words”tradition to an attempt to include all the words in the language. A

A. Nathaniel Bailey’s

B. Cheryl Brown’s

C. Otto Jespersen’s

D. Howard Jackson’s

35. Samuel Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1755. _________was literally an age of dictionaries and the encyclopedic and lexicographical tendencies of the time received their fullest expression in the dictionary of Samuel Johnson. C

A. The sixteenth century

B. The seventeenth century

C. The eighteenth century

D. The nineteenth century

36. The history of English lexicography in the next hundred years, is essentially, a history of the Johnsonian tradition. People identified his dictionary as a matter of national pride and defense, and a symbol of British individualism and strength. Johnson’s method of making his dictionary has been a _______for all

lexicographers since. D

A. evolution

B. creation

C. revolution

D. paradigm

37. After the death of Samuel Johnson, ________felt that what America needed

was a good American dictionary. Strongly nationalistic, Webster believed that he could improve on Dr. Johnson’s two volumes and at the same time, meet the special needs of American English. He spent the twenty years working on his great An American Dictionary of the English Language. Like Johnson’s, this was a one-man dictionary and he wrote the manuscript in his own hand, finishing all 70,000 entries. A

A. Noah Webster

B. Samuel Johnson

C. Charles Merriam

D. Rober Caswdrey

Part ⅢMatching. Make sure the letters before suffixes or prefixes in box 1 match well with their corresponding meanings in box 2. (15 points, 0.5 point for each). You are required to write only the English letters, not the prefixes or suffixes themselves, to match the numbers with blanks after them.

例如：

PART ONE: （把Box 1里的PART ONE 对应Box 2里的PART ONE）

1c 2 b 3 a ……….

PART TWO: （把Box 1里的PART TWO 对应Box 2里的PART TWO）

21 u 22 A 23 v ………….

Part ⅣGive the Chinese meanings of the following terms. (15 points, 0.5 point for each)（给出单词对应的汉语意思）

1.repudiate：

2.elocution：

3. ……………………………

Part ⅤGive difinitions of the following terms(in English). (15points, 1.5 points for each) 定义解释题，要求熟背定义。(从以下选10个)

1. lexicology 见书上1页

2. isolating language 7

3. inflected language 7

4. word 3

5. vocabulary 3 (All the words in a language make up what is generally known its vovabulary. )

6. abstract words 4

7. concrete words 4

8. analytic language 8

9. synthetic language 7

10. morphology 17

11. morpheme 17

12. morphs (in other words…) 18

13. allomorphs 18

14. free morpheme 19

15. bound morpheme 19

16. bound root 20

17. derivational affixes 21

18. root 21

19. prefixation 22

20. suffixation 25

21. compounding 27

22. reference 45

23. concept 46

24. motivation 47

25. semantic motivation 48

26. connotative meaning 51

27. affective meaning 53

28. collocative meaning 54

29. ratiation 59

30. concatenation 60

31. homonyms 61 (Homonyms are different words…..the same)

32. antonymy 69 (Antonymy deals with….meaning.)

33. hyponymy 72

34. dictionary 116 (The dominant sense…..etymology. )

35. extension 89

36. narrowing 90

37. elevation 91

38. euphemism 91

39 degradation 92

40. context 95(Context means the total environment in which..its meaning.)

41. lexical context 95

42. grammatical context 96

主要是来自每课后的练习，即问答部分，例如：

Explain briefly the two methods of study of lexicology. (该题目为样本) P 5- 见132答案

Part ⅦWriting. 15 points.

主要是每课后的练习，即结合自身实际的作文部分，往往有“Write a composition on the topic…..”字样的题目。

例如：94页的：How Do You Account for（解释）the Semantic Change in Living Language? You are required to write at least 250 words. (该题目为样本，是没有答案和参考的，考试实际要求200字，要考你的实际作文能力。。。。。。)

————终于没有啦~

英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

词汇学考试题目

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