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英语词汇学(二) 期末考试试题及参考答案

Test 2

I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.

1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the

use of _________construct.

A. word

B. form

C. morpheme

D. root

2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.

A. Semantics

B. Linguistics

C. Etymology

D. Stylistics

3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.

A. Greek

B. Roman

C. Italian

D. Germanic

4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.

A. linguistic

B. grammatical

C. arbitrary

D. semantic

5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user‘s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effects

A. situation

B. context

C. time

D. place

6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.

A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic

7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines 词汇学题目_文库下载https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2a12683686.html,/doc/26fe481ca300a6c30c229f93.html and academic areas.

A. technical

B. artistic

C. different

D. academic

8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.

A. Slang

B. Jargon

C. Dialectal words

D. Argot

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Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

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