新东方雅思作文写作最全讲义分析整理版-Topics

Topics of Task 2 （2008～2009.11.21)

一、教育（共25题，占%）

1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.01.26)

不同意：

中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ）

教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment

从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs.

教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。The function of education should be not only focused on \limited in job hunting, but also for a better development.

＊＊失业的原因是综合的comprehensive/complicated，例如经济原因：经济衰退或者不景气economy recession/depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降 a fall in the overall demand for labor;社会原因，个人原因等

2. Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which subject is the most important for young people and which one is the least important?

Subjects: Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography (08.03.01)

整个题目可以分为理论科目和实践科目两种：

理论科目的好处：智的角度

实践科目（音乐、体育）的好处：美、体、劳的角度

E.g.: What does sports benefits your academic? Any sport will have a positive effect on academic performance simply because exercise is good for the brain, and teamwork and strategy that are focal to most sports are applicable as well to many academic areas.

理论科目的坏处：枯燥、单调、需要长时间的学习、结合实践时较为困难

体育、音乐的坏处：需要天赋；需要大量时间和金钱的投入；就业范围小，职业生涯短

3. Schoolteachers used to be the source of information, however, some people argue that teachers are not as important as before as the increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (08.0

4.24)

和以前一样重要：（也就是说老师的重要性）

学校教育更加有利于学生的道德培养，尤其对于年龄较小的学生。老师可以帮助学生建立自信心，培养能力，塑造良好的性格最终成为一个有利于社会的人。Teachers could help the students to build up confidence, shape upright character and ultimately grow a full man beneficial to the society.

通过老师的讲解，能够更加容易接受知识。By lectures, students are more easily to receive knowledge.可以根据学生的需要而改变teach students in accordance with their own characteristics and differences

学生在学校里能够参加体育锻炼，有利于身体的健康和成长

学校教育给了学生一个交流、沟通、合作的机会，有利于团队精神team spirit、合作精神cooperation、创新能力innovation的培养foster/cultivation。

其他信息途径的好处（远程教育的好处）

提供了一种更为新颖有效的教育形式an original and effective educational model；增加人们接受教育的机会increase the opportunities of being educated;提高参与者的科技能力develop technology competencies、拓展技术面broaden skill set,从而提高就业机会job opportunity。

为地处偏远和行动不便的人、工作时间不稳定的人提供了受教育的机会those with restricted mobility, such as elderly, disabled, injured, irregular work schedule.

可以同时和全国各地甚至全世界各地的人进行交流和学communicate and interact with students all over the country or even the world

文档和资料容易储存、易提取、打印和阅读documents and materials are easily recorded, retrieved, printed and read

远程教育的缺点：

缺乏和老师面对面的交流lack of in-person contact with faculty members很难及时接受到老师的反馈wait for a long time before receiving feedback about assignments

不能像传统教育那样和同学之间更多地接触，没有机会提高口头交流能力和合作能力等have no chance to enhance oral communication skills and cooperation skills

精力和注意力会被很多东西分散many distractions at home

并不是所有的行业都承认网络教育的学历，缺乏就业认可。not all work industries acknowledge online degrees

4.Schools should teach children some academic subjects, which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (08.0

5.22)

同第2题

5.University students always focus on one specialist subject, but some people think universities should encourage their students to study a range of subjects in addition to their own subject. To what

extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.06.05)

学习多个科目的好处：

目前很多大学都倾向于专业学习（specialized or vocational education），很多专业都是以就业为本（career-oriented or vocation-oriented）而最近的潮流是重新注重全面教育（general education），注重学生的技能，在不同学科上的应用。

很多学科是交叉的interrelated，学习多种科目有利于了解更多的知识widen scope of knowledge，加深对于专业科目的理解be beneficial/advantageous/preferable to the understanding/comprehension of specialist subjects

毕业之后有更多的工作选择increase employment opportunity,增加竞争力competiveness

当求职市场竞争日趋激烈的时候，在不同专业领域涉猎、对于跨学科学习具备经验的学生有望占据一个主导地位。As the job market is becoming increasingly competitive, students who dabble in different specialized areas and have experience in interdisciplinary study are expected to be in a preponderant position

深造的时候有更多的学科选择there are more choices when seeking for a further education.

学某些特定科目的好处：

学生将更有时间把精力放在专业课的学习上devote one’s time and energy to specific subjects节约时间

提高专业技能increase specialized knowledge

提高职业竞争力improve competitiveness

6.Some people think that children should obey the rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do. Other people think that children controlled too much cannot deal with problem alone. Discuss both views and state your own opinion. (08.06.21)

父母的教育方式parenting分为：专断型authoritarian, 管教型authoritative，纵容型permissive和漠不关心型uninvolved。大多数的专家认同和推荐管教型authoritative这一教育模式，即父母会制定基本的规则establish basic guidelines让小孩去遵循，但是同时考虑到小孩的特点和要求，惩罚的时候同时注意开导孩子。

父母和老师制定规则，控制孩子的行为的好处：

孩子缺乏自制力和判断力the children are lack of self-control and judging ability/capability

父母和老师能够根据自己的经验帮助孩子找到正确的发展方向take the right path to success

有助于孩子形成良好的行为习惯form appropriate behavior patterns,改正其不好的行为习惯等stop their misbehaviors

孩子可以吸取前人的失败教训，避免走弯路can draw experience from the preceding failures and avoid committing the same mistakes. 父母和老师制定规则，控制孩子的行为的坏处：

导致叛逆的行为result in rebellion，甚至对父母产生憎恨hate their parents, who apply strict rules and impose punishment

导致孩子产生逆来顺受的性格docile obedience，不敢尝试和面对失败afraid to try and fail,表现出不足够的自制fail to demonstrate considerable self-regulation 抑制孩子的想像力，不利于孩子充分表现自我deny children the opportunity to express individuality

缺乏独立性lack of independence low self-esteem；不能独自面对和解决困难conquer difficulties and handle different situations

孩子的兴趣和决定应当受到尊重receive respect for their hobbies and decisions

给父母和老师减轻负担lighten\reduce the burden of …

7.Nowadays, more university students choose to study some practical subjects (such as marketing, computer programming, etc.) instead of theoretical subjects (such as economy, math, chemistry). Some people suggest that universities should focus on practical subjects, but not theoretical subjects. What is your opinion?

(08.07.05)

实践科目的好处：

增加学生适应社会的能力：increase the capability of adapting the society

找工作的时候更加有竞争力have more competitiveness in job hunting\seeking

更快的适应新的工作：suit to the new position \career more rapidly

实践性科目往往更加有趣，容易坚持和学习。也可以通过学习增加合作能力和交流能力，some social skills as cooperation ability

理论科目的好处：

为实践科目提供理论基础和技术支持provide\supply theoretical foundation for practice

增加知识量increase knowledge capacity

培养逻辑和思维的能力cultivate critical thinking

更加有利于学生的深造be beneficial to further study

8.Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in-group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each way? Which one do you think is more effective? (08.08.30) 分组学习的好处：

增加沟通face to face interaction与交流能力communication skills

提高团队精神team spirit, cooperation in groups;培养学生的责任感individual accountability

提高学生解决问题的能力problem-solving ability，他们可以从各种各样的观点和经验中获益benefit from a diversity of perspectives and experiences.

学习氛围更好: better atmosphere

监督性、竞争性: monitor and compete

适合较低阶段和较低年龄的学习:group study suits primary stage

单独学习的好处：

节约时间time-saving, 更有效率more efficient、突出学生的个人目标personal distinctions，而分组学习过分强调步调一致concerted effort个别学生可能失去对于学习的兴趣lose learning enjoyment，没有动力lack motivation

培养独立思考能力: self-independent

安静、可以集中精力: quiet, be beneficial to concentration

适合高级阶段的学习suits senior study

9.Once children start school, teachers have more influence than parents on their intellectual and social development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.09.06)

浅析：教育类的新题。目前题库中没有任何题目与之相近。然而，如果考生聪明一点，完全可以将“老师”引申为“学校”或者“教育”，这样的思路就比较宽。首先看看两个概念。一是什么是intellectual development？Intellectual development refers to the development of one’s ability to think, to understand ideas and to acquire knowledge.

二是什么是social development？Social development refers to the acquisition and improvement of skills that are essential to social life or activities that have relevance to one’s functioning in society.

老师对小孩的学习能力和社会能力的影响：

老师更具有专业性：

老师可以制定教学方法（devise teaching methods），练习（drills），设计功课（design assignments），甚至可以调整课程（revise the curriculum），来提高小孩的学习能力。譬如说，绘画可以提高小孩的想象能力（ability to visualize different subjects），精读（critical reading）可以提高小孩的归纳能力(abilities to summarize key messages of a reading passage) ，实验课（lab experiments）可以提高小孩的观察能力（abilities to observe and detect differences）；家长一般是不可能有那么全面的知识，全方面的开发小孩的智力（foster children’s intellectual development in different aspects）

老师可以通过课程和功课的安排，来提高小孩的社会能力。譬如说，体育可以增加小孩的团队精神（inject a strong sense of team spirit），小组作业（group assignments）可以让小孩习惯于相互帮助（join efforts/make joint-effects to deal with problems），参加社区活动（community activities）可以提高小孩对社区的理解（have a strong sense of community）

家长对小孩的学习能力和社会能力的影响：

家长可以指导小孩完成作业（provide instruction），从而确保教育延续到家里（consistency of education between school and home environments）；家长可以通过一些课外活动来帮助小孩提高技能，譬如说gardening, 提高小孩的动手能力和解决问题能力（hands-on skills and problem-solving abilities）

家长在小孩的社会生活中起着重要的作用；家长决定了小孩和什么人接触，参加什么社会活动（social activities），决定了社会学习的效果(outcomes of social learning)，掌握礼仪（etiquettes）

10.Students from poor background such as rural areas often find it difficult to access to university education, so people think universities should make it especially easy for them to study at. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.09.27)

同意：

对个人来讲：农村学生和贫困学生（students from rural or deprived areas）虽然受教育的机会很低，但是不代表着他们没有天赋（aptitudes），知识和态度去适合大学的要求（meet entry requirements）,为贫穷学生上大学提供便利可以保证受教育机会的均等，同时，对于贫困生来说，教育意味着改变一生的机会life-changing opportunity大学提供的经济支持和学术支持，可以帮助学生适应城市生活和大学生活adapt to urban life and university life对于贫困地区来说：可以有助于脱贫致富In the long run, only more students attend universities, can this poor area shake off/get rid of poverty. 对于国家和社会来说：仅仅因为经济条件而不能入学，社会就会失去一些优秀的人才（young talent）；与此同时，因为受教育机会的不平衡（equal access to education is not guaranteed），贫困学生在就业方面会处于劣势（at a disadvantage），贫富的差距会维持。另外，文化普及率的提升可以提高国民素质，和一个国家的竞争力the improvement of educational level could greatly enhance the quality of the nation basically. Therefore, it may lead to\contribute to the nation's competitiveness in the world.

11.Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.10.23) 12.Memorization of information by frequent repetition (rote learning) plays a role in most education systems. Do the advantages of this method of learning outweigh its disadvantages? (08.12.06)

优点：

容易掌握，easy handle

普遍应用：widely use; basic way to memorize

在接受教育的初期和年龄较小的孩子中适用

缺点：

效率低、浪费时间low efficiency

局限创造力limit creativity；枯燥boring

不能灵活应用could not be used vividly

容易遗忘easy to forget，印象不深刻could not leave a deep impression

在较高层次的学习中就不再适用了

13.Some people believe that a country benefits greatly with a high percentage of young people who go to university, while others argue that it only leads to graduate unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (08.12.13)

Excessive enrollment

扩招的好处：

更多人接受教育，提高文化普及率the enhancement of cultural penetration, enhance the literacy rate，增强国家的竞争力，促进社会的发展to strengthen the country's competitiveness, promote social development

提高了劳动力的素质，从而提高了生产效率

解决了一部分的就业问题 solve part of the employment problem

产生了跟高等教育有关的新的经济增长点和产业Produce new industries and economic growth point related to higher education

扩招的坏处：

教育资源有限的情况下扩招会导致毕业生学习不到充足的知识，缺乏就业竞争力when the educational resources are limited, excessive enrollment may create a terrible phenomenon that the students could not learn enough/adequate knowledge and are lack of competitiveness

降低高等教育的含金量devalue the higher education

导致教育行业的不良竞争lead to/contribute to deteriorate competition

***毕业就失业的原因（同失业的原因）：

失业的原因是综合的Comprehensive reasons，例如经济衰退或者不景气recession／depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降a fall in the overall demand for labor

还可能社会原因：劳动法制约着雇主labor/job market regulations，使其对员工的招聘特别谨慎；雇主对年轻人抱有偏见和不信任。Prejudice to young inexperienced workers

还可能有个人原因：教育不够inadequate education，没有工作经验，缺乏培训lack of appropriate training缺乏对于劳动力市场的清晰理解a clear understanding of the job market对工资和职业的期望值过高exceedingly high occupational and wage aspirations/expectation，缺乏对于工作的耐性和雇主的忠诚度lack of loyalty to employers 14.Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from others sources (such as the Internet, television). To what extent do you agree or disagree? (09.01.15) 15.More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education. Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? (09.03.14)

留学的好处：

学习不同的文化，开阔视野learn diversified cultures and expand vision

有助于语言的学习be beneficial to language study

增强竞争力，拥有国际化的就业机会enhance competiveness, have international job opportunity

独立性，生存能力independence, survival skills

利用先进的教学设备和教育资源take advantage of advanced teaching equipments and recourses

留学的坏处：

想家，孤独感，无助感homesick, feel lonely, helpless

巨大的经济压力economic pressure

人才流失talent drain

因为缺乏监督，可能会沾染到不好的习惯may addict to bad habits 16.Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for a child's education than going to school. But others believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(09.04.25)

17.Some people believe that teenagers should concentrate on all school subjects. But, others believe that teenagers should focus on the subject that they are best at or that they find the most interest. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (09.05.09)

比较与第五题的区别：

主体不同: unversity students VS teenagers

18. Some children do not appear to have language talent, so schools should not require then learning a foreign language. What is your opinion? (09.06.20)

浅析:

这是一道教育类的新题. 外语学习的作文题在最近两年有所增加, 是个可以注意的趋势.

支持学校强调外语学习：

全球化让外语学习成为必须完成的学习任务.Language acquisition has evolved from a need to a must in a globalised world.

语言学习已经成为其他科目学习的媒介物和必需品

语言学习涉及到学生未来的交流技能，甚至需要对语言非常熟练achieve superior proficiency.

反对学校强调外语学习：

强制教育可能会导致学生对语言学习的厌恶Demanding language tasks might engender frustration among students, causing their resentment against language acquisition.

语言的学习涉及到文化，过分强调外语学习可能会让学生对于本国文化的学习缺失。

学生应当全面发展，过分强调一科可能会占用学生大部分的精力。很多科目的学习是不需要以外语为基础的，学生未必能够学以致用apply what one has learned to practice

结论：学校应该要求学生学习外语，但是应该给予更多的灵活度．Schools should require students to learn a foreign language, but should be given more flexibility

A concluding remark is that schools should not be held back by some students’ apparent lack of capacity for language learning. Instead, flexibility should be given in learning task design so as to boost students' interest in language acquisition. In a world where nobody is exempt from communication in a second language, learning a foreign language has its justifications.

19. Students are now sent to boarding schools and even other countries (away from home, to study and live on their own). This has become more and more common in many countries. What are the reasons for this? Is it a positive development? (09.07.25)

大意:

学生现在被送到了寄宿学校, 甚至是国外(远离家人, 独力学习和生活). 在很多国家, 这已经变得很普遍. 原因是什么? 是否这代表着一个积极的变化?

在上面留学话题的基础上加入了寄宿学校的内容：

寄宿学校的好处：

因为父母工作的原因，有些家庭总是居无定所have to cope with geographic displacement frequently而寄宿学校可以确保教育的延续性educational continuity

学生的情况可以一直被监督regular supervised study periods成绩会提高更快high achievement standards

集体生活communal life可以培养学生和其他人，比如教职员工和同学的关系the community atmosphere fosters relationship between students and others, as faculty and classmates，增加与人交往的机会培养集体意识

寄宿可以培养学生的独立自主能力和独立生活能力

寄宿学校的坏处：

导致学生和社会隔离to cause to be in a detached or isolated position. 导致孩子和父母的关系疏远alienate children from parents无法满足其情感需要emotional needs从而加大与父母之间的代沟

学生自由掌握的时间减少less free time大部分时候要遵从学校的安排

受同年龄群体的不良影响的机会增加receive negative influence from peer group

Those who study at a boarding school or go overseas for educational purposes have appeared to account for a growing proportion of students in many countries. There are a number of motivators behind parents' decisions to send students to boarding schools or foreign countries. These motivators might be reasonable, but this trend should not be welcomed.

Today, parents are interested in putting their children in an institution remote from the neighborhood, so as to protect their children from the risk of drug use, joining gangs and teen sex. Under the supervision of staff in school, children are required and expected to discipline themselves and concentrate on their schoolwork. In addition, parents are motivated by the idea that their children might improve their abilities to cope with daily problems independently in a boarding school, where they cannot turn to parents for help, even in handling seemingly trivial tasks, such as laundry. Such challenges prepare them well for adulthood, in which they are overwhelmed with various problems.

Parents' initiatives should be appreciated, but it turns out that boarding schools do not offer an answer to their worries. Children might not have those behavior problems commonly found among those from day schools, but the cost of this benefit is children's zero social life. Many students, especially those in early teens, suffer homesickness and depression because of their protracted family detachment. These problems can be even more devastating among those who have to stay overseas all year long. The mundane campus life might nurture the misconception of what the real world is like among students. They might graduate from schools with confusion when they experience problems in making an adjustment from school to society.

Even a shallow review of the problems associated with boarding schools or overseas study can propel us to reassess these two brand-new preferences. Although the boarding school acts as a vacuum and cuts students' potential exposure to social evils, it might meanwhile compromise students' social skills and make them feeble in adults' world.

20.The authorities such as the government decide the subjects and course contents. Some people argue that teachers should make the decision. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (09.08.13) 21. Some people think that students should go to college for further education. However, others state that students should learn the skills of fixing cars or take jobs in industries such as construction, which are more valuable to society. What is your opinion?

(09.09.05)

大学教育的优势：

有助于学习技能，提高思考问题critical thinking skills、分析问题analytical skills、解决问题的能力problem solving ability

为未来的实践工作提供理论基础lay a solid foundation for practice

学生在大学这样一个环境中得到的是综合素养Comprehensive quality的提高,例如主流社会的价值观念，道德观The values and moral concepts of mainstream society

技术课程的优势：

对于收入较低的家庭更为经济more realistic

for lower-income families

弥补大学教育的不足，例如，很多人经过大学教育后并不能很好的就业，再如很多人因为入学要求entry requirements 等条件而被大学拒之门外

很多人具有特殊的天赋，职业技术课程更有利于这些人发挥自己的才能

22. Caring for children is probably the most important thing to the society. All parents should therefore take the childcare training courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?

(09.09.13)新题

Model Answer:

Children represent both the present and the future. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in transforming childcare into a formal subject of academic studies. Traditional childcare skills, which are passed on from one generation to another through oral and informal instruction, are not sufficient to guarantee quality care, so parents' participation in care training is advisable.

Many parents might be accustomed to the idea that childcare is all about love, but this notion is misleading. While it is easy to admit that parents are responsible to attend to children's needs, it is also important to note that children are too often insatiable. Unlike adults, they have no idea of what their behaviors lead to. For example, children are candy lovers without knowledge that candy can cause obesity and tooth damage. Parents should not respond to children's needs for candy permanently. Parents who give whatever children want, known as indulgent parents, can be blamed for their children's behavior problems and unhealthy habits. Childcare training teaches parents how to take a holistic approach to care for their children and prevents them from answering children's inappropriate needs.

Another misconceived idea of childcare is that it is a simple process of feeding children and making them to sleep regularly. Contemporary childcare is not limited to this. Equally important for this science are emotional and mental wellbeing. For example, some children's first step comes earlier than other children's not necessarily because these

children have intake of more nutrition but simply because they are more intelligent and curious about the physical environment. Childcare is a complex science that goes beyond nutrition. Whether parents have helped children improve motor skills and cognitive skills accounts for children's overall wellbeing.

The points put forward above, I believe, offer some insights into childcare. Successful childcare does not lie only in love but also in skills. Children's healthy development is measured not only by physical wellbeing but also by growth in other dimensions. With these borne in mind, parents might now be compelled to join childcare training.

23.In some countries, some school leavers choose to work or travel for a period of time between finishing high school and attending university. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this decision.

(09.09.26)剑桥系列原题

24. Once children start school, the teachers would have more influence in their intellectual and social development than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (09.10.08)

25.Some people think that a university should prepare students for employment, while others disagree and believe it has other functions. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. (09.10.24) 大学教育的作用

二、工作生活与意识形态（共15题，占17.6%）

工作生活与意识形态这一类考题在一些参考数目中也被叫做生活方式和社会观念类考题。一般来说，这一类题目可以从三大角度来考虑:1、外部环境（自然环境、生活环境的变化和影响）2、社会因素（家人的利益、朋友的选择、社会地位）3、个人因素（收入情况、个人爱好、年龄结构、受教育程度的变化）

26.The older generations have very traditional ideas about the correct ways of life, thinking and behavior. However, some people think that these ideas are not helpful for the young generation to prepare for modern life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (08.01.19)

老年人的思维和生活方式不会制约年轻人：

每个人的观念是不同的，也很难受到他人的影响。尤其对于年轻人来说更是这样,因为他们更为独立。

Different individuals hold different perceptions; it is hard to receive influence from others. Especially for the young people, for they are more independent.

老年人的传统思维和生活方式有助于年轻人形成良好的道德观念和生活习惯。The traditional way of thinking\thoughts and lifestyle are advantageous \beneficial to the young people to form good virtue and habits. As a case in point, the old people tend to do exercise in the morning, which may do a favor to health.

老年人的生活经验能够提高我们对于现代社会的了解、避免走弯路。The experience of the older can provide us a better understanding of modern society. For instance, the rich experience of the old people may pave a way \lay a foundation for the young people, help them avoid\escape from the same mistake, promote\improve\enhance the work efficiency.

27.People living in big cities face many problems today. What are the problems? Should the government encourage people to live in regional towns? (08.02.14)

问题：

Traffic jams

Pollution

Housing shortage (housing price; real estate price)

High pressure

Overpopulation

High consumption（most of income has to spend on daily necessities) Be occupied everyday (owning to the fast development of science and technology, people have to receive further education and on-the-job training)

乡村生活的好处：

Be in close contact with nature, living in peace and quiet.

Go without the trouble of pollution, traffic problems

Less pressure, slow pace of life

城市生活的好处：

Medical care

Educational resources

Shopping

Transportation

Job opportunity

迁移可能造成一些社会问题，例如犯罪

28.“Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. ” - US movie actor & director John Wayne. Why is it important for individuals and countries to think about the future rather than focusing on the present? (08.02.16)

这是一道比较新颖的题目，该题的背景介绍为一句名人名言，也是不多见的形式。不过该题并没有给考生的审题带来太大的障碍，因为后面的提问句的表述还是非常简洁清晰的。这道题不像以前的雅思作文题目，非常浪漫的一个考题。给人发挥的空间很大，你可以告别以前所有雅思写作生涩的模板和套句，充满激情地尝试这篇文章。下面我们挑出其中一个新颖，并且对于大多数同学来说比较有难度的题目：

Tomorrow is another day. Although living in the current society keeps us away from the shadows of the past, it is more important for individuals and countries to think about the future than focusing on the present. Three episodes from history serve as compelling examples of this fact.

明天是新的一天，虽然生活在当下世界让我们远离过去的影子，对于个人和国家来说似乎考虑未来比关注现在更加重要。历史上的三个小片段可以作为这个观点的例证。

Where there is future, there is hope. Even after the Supreme Court struck down segregation in 1954, human-rights offenses were both law and custom in much of America. Before Martin Luther King and his movement, a tired and respectable Negro seamstress like Rosa Parks could be thrown into jail and fined simply because she refused to give up her seat on an Alabama bus so a white man can sit down. A six-year-old black girl like Emmett Till could be hunted down and murdered by a Mississippi gang simply because he wanted to go to the same school as white children. For hundreds of years, African Americans had been tired of the that America claimed to be the leader of the ‘free world' withou t inviting smirks of segregation upon the land of itself. Martin Luther King, however, had not lost his hope; his belief in nonviolence never swerved. From the time he assumed leadership of the Montgomery bus boycott, he foretold a future America where children would not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Subsequent mass demonstrations culminated in the March on Washington in which he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. On that day, he saw tomorrow; upon da nger, he saw hope. That is why he succeeded.

有未来的地方就有希望，即使是在1954年最高法院废除种族隔离之后，对于人权在法律和习俗方面的进攻仍然充斥在美国的很多地方。在马丁路德金和他的运动之前，一个勤劳而受人尊敬的女裁缝Rosa Parks被扔进监狱仅仅是因为简单的她没有在阿拉巴马州的一辆公交车上给一个白人让座位；一个6岁的黑人小丫头被一个密西西比流氓枪杀仅仅是因为她想要和白人上同样的学校。几百年来，美国人已经厌倦了这种美国人所宣称的自由世界的伪善。然而马丁路德金却没有丧失他的希望，他坚信非暴力永远不能扭转局势，从他开始宣布蒙哥马利公车联合抵制，他就预言了一个未来的美国，孩子们将不会被根据肤色来决定学校。紧接着，大量的人在3月的华盛顿云集在那里呢，他发表了著名的我有一个梦想的演说，在那一天他看到了明天，在危险之上他看到了希望，这就是他成功之所在.

The fact that the future deserves more attention than the present also stands true for a country. During the Great Depression, ideologues in America believed that the economic downturn had imposed the country a either choice: if you abandon laissez-faire you are condemned to a total betrayal of capitalism and democracy. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, however, stood firmly in America's ability to regain control over its future. His New Deal swiftly introduced measures for social protection, regulation and control. His actions succeeded in protecting the nation from major economic crisis for nearly 80 years.

未来比现在更加重要对于一个国家来说同样是事实。在大萧条时期，美国的理论家认为这种经济的低迷时期给了美国另一种选择: 如果你放弃自由主义，你将会被宣告为一个彻底背叛资本主义和民主主义的人。然而，富兰克林，却坚决的站在这样的立场上—美国有能力重新获得控制未来的能力。他的新政迅速地为社会保护、调整和控制提供了方法，他的行为成功的保护了一个国家在长达80年的时间里免受巨大经济危机的侵袭。Had the prejudice of hundreds of years disbelieved Martin Luther King of a free world, he would die in vain. Had the failure of capitalism blinded America from looking forward, no changes would be made to better its administration. All in all, the future always weighs heavier than the present.

如果马丁路德金关于自由世界的梦想在几百年来被怀疑，他的死将是没有价值的。如果资本主义的失败蒙住了美国人向前方看去的视野，它的行政将不会有任何的转机。总之，未来永远比现在更加重要。

29.People should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than personal benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.03.13)

同22、26、28考察的根本点是：

**公民健康和政府以及社会的关系

公民的健康状况直接关系到学习和工作的效率，从而决定整个社会的发展进度The health condition of the citizens has a direct relationship with the learning and working efficiency, thereby decides the progressing rate of the whole society.

良好的社会健康状况可以让政府减少对于公共医疗事业的投资，从而把更多的精力放在一些关键项目上，例如教育和公共交通 A high-quality health condition may decrease the government’s investment on medical care; therefore the government can attract more attention from medical expense to education and public transportation. 认真关注国民的健康状况是政府的一大职责。只有提高公民的整体健康状况才能树立政府的良好形象。Being the critical obligation of the government, only improves the whole healthy condition of the nation can the authorities build up a good image.

30.Some people think it is the responsibility for government to ensure that people have healthy lifestyles. Others think people should be free for their own lifestyles decisions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (08.03.29)

31.Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with families and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects to the whole family and society?

“许多人忙于工作，没有太多的时间用来陪伴家人和朋友，为什么会产生这样的状况? 这种状况对于家庭生活和整个社会的影响是什么？”这道题就很好的体现这类考题的一个考点：人们生活方式的改变对于社会和家人的影响。这种改变不仅体现在工作和生活的调节和冲突上，而且体现在生活的各个方面，衣---人们对现代服饰的要求不仅仅是遮体和保暖，而是更加注重社会因素，比如时尚，我们的最后一个考题考察的就是这个点。食—随着全球化的进程，快餐的流行已经不再新鲜，各国特色的美食随处可见，进口食品也成为最大的时尚。

原因：

现代生活让人们压力增大，就业的压力、升学的压力、生存的压力等Modern life increases people’s pressure, including employment, attending schools and survival problems.

人们为了适应竞争，需要不断接受教育和培训to adapt to

competition, people have to receive education and on－the-job training.

人与人之间的亲情友情感减弱是现代社会的一个趋势the alienation between people is an irreversible trend

现代社会人更加关注自身的发展people tend to pay more attention to their self-development.

影响：

好的影响：提高了生活水平living standard和个人的素质personal quality；促进了社会的发展contribute to the development of the society

坏的影响：人们之间的感情变淡，冷漠indifference，可能会感觉孤独，无助helpless；影响家庭的稳定stability of the family；家庭和个人是社会的细胞the cell of the society，如果出现不稳定，会影响社会的发展

32.Some people believe that the fittest and strongest individuals and teams always success in sports. Others think that success in sports depends on mental attitudes. Discuss both views and give your opinions. (08.05.31)

支持心态（mental attitude）更重要的观点：

好的心态可以让运动员能够接受恶劣的条件（accept the agonizing conditions），坦然面对逆境（stay calm in the face of adversity），克服障碍（overcome obstacles），影响着他们的表现（dictate their performance），让他们在压力下也能保持注意力集中和全力以赴（their persistence and their ability to focus under pressure）

好的心态会让运动员去构想他们成功的表现（visualize their winning performance），激发他们的斗志（stimulate their competitive spirit）,运动员自己觉得自己能够赢（Capable to win）；反之，如果没有好的心态，运动员对自己的期望就有局限（limit expectations），一个斗志昂扬的运动员(at his/her mental peak)可以发挥到自己的最佳状态（perform at his/her best）

如果两个具备同等天赋的运动员放在一起，意志坚强的总能在大部分时候胜出If two equally talented professional athletes are put together, the mentally stronger of the two will win most of the time.

在专业体育中，大部分的运动员身体状态都是出色的，真正导致不同的是他们的心理忍受能力In professional sports, a majority of athletes are at the same physical excellence, so what separates them from each other is mental capacity.

反对心态（mental attitude）更重要的观点：

过分强调心态让运动员高估自己（overrate his/her own capabilities），只会在失败后更加沮丧（feel a stronger sense of frustration）

体育运动是以身体和团队为基础的，心态只是一个辅助因素

33. In modern society, fashion is becoming more and more popular in people's choice of clothes. Why? Do you think it is a positive development or negative development? (08.11.08)

人们追求时装的原因:

经济发展的产物：收入增加，让人们可以购买不同的衣服（expand the range of clothes worn）

现在的人们越来越个人化（individualistic），时装是一种表现自我的方式（a form of self-expression），可以展现人的性格、心情和审美观（personality, mood and aesthetic appreciation）。

全球化的产物：全球化促进了各种文化的融合（mixture of different cultures），时装设计师可以从不同文化中获得灵感（draw up the inspiration from different costumes），人们接触不同文化的机会增加(exposure to different cultures)，因此他们接受时装就更加大胆（become bold fashion wearers）

支持追求潮流的观点：

创造新的经济增长点和就业机会Stimulate consumption. Make contribution to the development of economy

新时代的时尚fashion in the new era不一定意味着高消费，也并非一定穿着某种款式的衣服，充分考虑了消费者的需求consider the consumer demand fully，不象人们想的那样肤浅not as superficial as some people think

时装是自我表达的一种体现 a means of self-expression，表现人的性格和喜好reflect one’s personality or likes让人们在生活中体验不同的角色allow people to try on many roles in life，同时使得世界更加多样化make world diversified

反对追求潮流的观点：

潮流变化太快，盲目追求时尚可能造成过度消费follow fashion blindly／slavishly/Sequaciously may cause excessive consumption，从而导致浪费，成为购物狂shopaholic或者fashion victims，忽略质量neglect the quality等

失去自己的判断和喜好dwell too much on what others think

鼓励人们将衣服和地位、社会阶层还有财富联系在一起associate clothing with status, social class and wealth,造成歧视。

可能导致产业内的恶性竞争deteriorate competition

34. Some people believe that improve public health should increase the number of sports facilities; others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (09.02.28)

35.Some people think music plays an important role in society. Others think it is simply a form of entertainment. Discuss both sides of this argument and give your own opinion. (09.03.07)

36.Some people think it is more important to spend public money on promoting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (09.03.21)

37.Nowadays，people live in the society where consumer goods are cheaper to buy. Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages? (09.04.04)

好处：

为消费者带来了更大的实惠和利益bring more benefits to the consumers, in particular for the low-income groups，尤其对于低消费人群

促进消费promote consumption，尤其in particular/particularly 是在经济低迷的时候economy depression/recession

可能为商家带来更多的利润bring more profits to the sellers

从实质上缩小了贫富差距reduce/narrow the gap between poor and rich essentially

坏处：

低价的原因可能是降低成本或者数量，从而商品的质量得不到保障，或者过时out of fashion

会影响品牌的市场定位和价值

可能会导致商家的恶性竞争

38.Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. But others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (09.04.30)

应该具有娱乐性的原因：

适应社会的发展需要，吸引更多的年轻人be beneficial/advantageous to

喻乐于教，instill enjoyment into education可以激发年轻人的兴趣spark/trigger interests，生动的形式更加有利于年轻人对知识的记忆和理解vivid ways can benefit the comprehension

如果博物馆具有了娱乐性，可以成为年轻人的娱乐放松场所，来释放压力If the museum was enjoyable, it could be a new entertainment to release pressure.

让博物馆更加多样化diversified，适应市场需要

应该具有教育性的原因：

大多数博物馆的气氛都是庄重严肃的，娱乐性可能会破坏原有的文化

年轻人可能会忽略教育和知识本身，只关注娱乐young people could neglect the knowledge and only focus their attention on entertainment. 娱乐性可能让博物馆变得商业化，从而导致恶性的竞争.

39.A hundred years ago, people think that human race is steadily improving in every area of life. Now it seems this is not certain in that situation. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays? In which areas do you think we still need to make progress? (09.05.21)

科技、教育进步很大：

科技：网络、媒体化、数字化、自动化、生产效率提高……

教育：教育方式多样化（远程教育）、教育途径和受教育的机会增加（出国留学，扩招）

仍然需要改进的：

医疗：产生了很多新的流行疾病epidemic diseases，但却没有良好的对应措施counter measures；对于一些落后地区undeveloped areas，医疗条件很差；医疗设备不够先进advanced ，医疗资源不充足medical resource is inadequate

环境：新型的污染物、科技发展的同时产生了不可解决的环境问题40.Professional workers (e.g., nurses, doctors and teachers) should be paid more than sports and entertainment personalities. Do you agree or disagree? (09.11.14)

Sports stars, film stars and musicians are widely known as high-income earners in many societies. One issue that has survived in past decades is whether these people deserve what they are earning, compared to those working in other professions, such as nursing, medical care and teaching. There are arguments that make it impossible to give any conclusive remark about this issue.

The fact that entertainment and sports are industries offering better-paid jobs finds its answers in some social trends. These industries are expanding rapidly from an economic perspective, because of their growing importance in people's leisure life. People watch television operas, go to the cinema and have their favorite sports players. The economic value of sportsmen and movie stars is matchless. Their personal charm is a powerful weapon for advertisers to stimulate the sales of given products and services. There is no denying that those in other professions can hardly perform a similar task.

While it is evident that these high-profile figures' salaries are justified, it is also true that their income is too often excessively high. People are guided to think that famous stars make multi-million dollars simply by having a brief appearance on a TV commercial, while nurses and teachers struggle with more satisfactory incomes by devoting much of their daily life to their careers. This can be harmful to the fabric of society. Young people daydream about the day when they rise to prominence overnight, rather than focusing on the development of specializations, such as nursing, which are more realistic objectives. With all these facts taken into account, we might find it difficult to justify the income of people in one industry by citing standards in other industries. Reputed athletes and distinguished actors and actresses have derived more wealth from their careers than people from industries, a fact revealing their prominent role in advertising. However, the negative impact of this trend, especially the impact on the younger generation, is worrying.

三、科技（共10题，占11.7％）

科技类考题的考点主要集中在科技发展对生活的影响和人们生活方式的改变上

积极影响：

电脑和自动化automation设备equipment使得生产效率更高the production efficiency is enhanced greatly by the popularity of computerization and automation equipment

促进了经济发展和推动了社会的进步

给人们的日常生活带来极大的便利，提高了人们的生活水平…could bring great convenience to our daily lives and promote the standard of living.

通过网络可以做很多事情，比如购物和处理个人财务，不用浪费时间在交通上People can do numerous of affairs via\by\through network/Internet, as a case in point, shopping and dealing with the financial affairs. Namely, people could spend less time on commuting. 联系方便easy contact

获得信息更加容易the science and technology make it easier to obtain information.

负面效应：

因为竞争激烈，人们需要接受职业培训和教育.随着生活节奏加快，

压力增大，和家人朋友相聚的时间减少Because of the fierce competition, people have to receive on-the-job training and further education. Along with the fast pace of modern life and the increase of pressure, it is hard for the mass to take family reunion.

网络交流让人们不愿意外出inactive\immobile lifestyle (在家宅着)，和外界的联系减少，性格变得孤僻Internet communication make a large amount\tremendous of people live an inactive life (keep a …lifestyle ). Owning to \By reason of the decrease of outside touch\connection, their personalities may become isolated\solitary

人们在享受着网络娱乐和其他媒体所带来的娱乐时容易忽视和家人的交流Along with the leisure lives have been enriched which brought by the Internet amusement\entertainment and other media, people are tending to neglect\overlook the communications with family members.

生产效率提高，工业化程度的加强，导致劳动力的需求减少，许多企业不得不裁员Along with the enhancement\boost\elevation\improvement of efficiency and the reinforcement of industrialization, the requirement of labor force is decreasing, thereby many corporations have to reduce the staff.

快节奏的生活会引起疾病The fast pace life can increase the possibility of lifestyle diseases, such as obesity, stroke, diabetes, heart disease and so forth.

科技可能会产生新的污染

41.Mobile phones and the Internet are very useful. However, it is rare for old people to use them. What ways could mobile phone and the Internet are useful to old people? How does the old people to be encouraged using this new technology? (08.06.28)

手机的好处：

老年人常有小恙（suffer ill health），如果有突发事件，可以联系急救（make an emergency call in the event of trouble）；也方便医务人员(health professionals)和家庭医生（family doctors）联系；

因特网的好处：

因特网有娱乐价值（entertainment value）；通过在网络上和人聊天，在留言版（discussion board）上参与讨论，老年人不会感到被社会排挤（a sense of exclusion ）；

因特网甚至可以让老年人在家里每天花点时间工作，为社区或者企业提供服务，譬如说咨询（provide consultancy）；不仅可以补贴养老金（complement pension），对老年人的心理健康也有帮助（contribute to psychological wellbeing）

如何鼓励老年人使用因特网和手机：

减低费用（reduce service fees）免费试用，让老年人感受电脑和手机所带来的好处could send the products to the old people for free. (Tryout for free)

个人化服务（personalised service）可以让电脑和手机的设置更加简单，例如，一些复杂的程序可以删减，例如蓝牙和录像。It is better to make the computer and mobile phone simple- equipped .As a case in point; some complicated\sophisticated programs could be deleted\canceled, just as Bluetooth and video.相关机构可以开发一些特殊的产品来满足老年人的特殊需要。例如可以把屏幕设计的更大、声音更响亮、手写。related organizations could explore special goods \products that may satisfy the needs of the old people. For instance, the screen can be designed to be larger and clearer.

商家和志愿者可以采取一些措施，教给老年人如何使用一些功能，例如拍照built-in cameras、发邮件、语音留言voice calls、下载铃声ring tones、浏览网页Internet browsing 。帮助老年人学会使用，譬如说发一些简明的手册user-friendly pamphlets

42.Some people support the developments in agriculture such as factory farming and creations of new types of fruits and vegetables, while others oppose this view. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (08.07.12)

支持农业技术发展的观点：

农业技术改良农作物的基因（modify the gene of crops），从而提高产量（raise productivity），譬如说减少虫害的影响（pest-resistant or disease-resistant），加速成长（hasten the growth of crops）；减少某些地区的饥荒问题(relieve famine)

农业技术可以让农作物大批量生产（achieve economies of scale），把农作物放在温室里培植可以保证种植不受季节影响（reduce the impact of seasonality）

对于某些地区，基因食物的产生可以增加食品的多样性（improve the richness of food varieties），让人们吸收更多的营养（increase the intake of nutrition）

机械化农业可以提高生产效率production efficiency，节约劳动力save the labor force，增加产量increase output/production

研发新型农作物可以丰富人们的生活enrich our daily life，提高生活质量enhance living quality；创造新的经济增长点create new industries，给农民带来更大的利益

反对农业技术发展的观点：

有一些技术改变了农作物的基因，伤害农作物的营养价值（reduce the nutrition value of crops）；很多时候，基因食物对人体的影响还有很多未知因素（the effect of genetically modified foods on human bodies is unknown or untested）

机械化农业可能会导致失业

可能导致浪费、污染

研发新的农作物有一定的市场风险,投资巨大；可能对健康有害

因为工厂种植，很多食物的品种慢慢被我们放弃了（abandon plant varieties），我们的农业种植集中在少数几种农作物，我们的饮食越来越单调（monotonous diet）

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优点：

增加工作和学习的灵活性increase the flexibility dramatically

减少上下班以及上下学的时间reduce interruptions and commuting

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