5年高考真题语法专题系列

2010~2014年高考真题备选题库

语法专题系列

专题一名词与冠词

考点一名词及名词辨析

1．(2014·天津，3) Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.

A．source B．sense

C．result D．root

2．(2014·湖北，22) Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

A．motivation B．qualification

C．talent D．technique

解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：她写作的动力是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的渴望。motivation“动力，动机”，符合句意。qualification“资格，合格”；talent“才能，人才”；technique“技能，技巧”。

3．(2014·湖北，23)When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now，”Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ________.

A．command B．comparison

C．compliment D．contribution

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：当理查德说“你现在更讨人喜欢、更漂亮了”时，琼的脸因听到这意外的赞美变得绯红。根据句意可知，这里用compliment表示“赞美”。command“命令，控制”；comparison“比较”；contribution“贡献”。

4．(2014·安徽，29) —Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one?

—That’s a good ________.

A．saying B．question

C．suggestion D．account

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：“如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车，为何不先买辆二手车？”“这是个好建议。”saying“谚语，格言，警句”；question“问题，议题”；suggestion“建议”；account“描述，报告，账目，账户”。上句使用的是“Why not do sth.？”表示的是建议，故选C。

5. (2014·江苏，27) She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.

A．symbol B．portrait

C．identity D．statue

解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：虽然她在两年前就已遭软禁，但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的代表人物。symbol“代表，代表性的人(物)”，符合句意。portrait“肖像”；identity“身份；个性”；statue“塑像”。

6．(2014·浙江，6) We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.

A．attempts B．requests

C．doubts D．promises

解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：我们熟悉和喜欢的人对我们提出的要求，我们最愿意答应接受。attempt“试图，企图”；request“要求，请求”；doubt“怀疑，质疑”；promise“允诺，许诺”。

7. (2014·福建，26) —Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?

—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.

A．feature B．plan

C．cost D．trick

解析：选D考查名词辨析。句意：“你能告诉我制作这样美味的蛋糕的技巧吗？”“哦，我就是照着烹饪书上的说明做的。”feature“特点，特征”；plan“计划”；cost“成本，费用”；trick“窍门，技巧，诡计，恶作剧”。根据句中making such tasty cakes(制作这样美味的蛋糕)可知，上句说话人询问的是制作蛋糕的技巧(trick)。

8．(2013·天津，7)While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ for fine art.

A．way B．relation

C．taste D．habit

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：她在巴黎期间，培养了对艺术的兴趣。way“道路，方法”；relation“关系，联系”；taste“爱好，志趣”；habit“习惯，习性”。develop a taste for ...“培养对……的兴趣”。根据句意可知应选C。

9．(2013·浙江，4)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.

A．worth B．supply

C．package D．list

解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。the supply of food表示“食品供应”。worth“价值”；package“包装好的东西”；list“名单”。

10．(2013·辽宁，23)The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it's nothing serious.

A．harm B．injury

C．ruin D．damage

解析：选D考查名词辨析。根据后面的it's nothing serious可知，造成的破坏不严重，

所以不能选择ruin“毁灭，废墟”；damage意为“破坏，损坏”，意思是说程度不是很严重，往往修理之后仍然可以使用。harm意为“伤害，损害”；injury意为“受伤害”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害。

11．(2013·江苏，33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.

A．share B．chance

C．turn D．lead

解析：选C考查名词辨析。根据句中的for the better可知，美国的食品文化将向更好的方面转变，因此选turn。share“份额”；chance“机会”；lead“榜样”。

12．(2013·湖北，21)Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

A．perspective B．priority

C．participation D．privilege

解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。

13．(2013·湖北，22)Poetry written from the ________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.

A．perspective B．priority

C．participation D．privilege

解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出了他们因为缺少归属感而带来的焦虑。perspective“视角，观点”；priority“优先(权)，优先事项”；participation“参加，参与”；privilege“特权，优惠”。根据句意可知，A项正确。

14．(2013·江西，22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________.

A．curiosity B．satisfaction

C．envy D．patience

解析：选D考查名词辨析。句意：无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience“耐心”，符合句意。curiosity“好奇心”；satisfaction“满意，满足”；envy“忌妒”。

15．(2012·浙江，7)Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.

A．operation B．growth

C．performance D．character

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：作为学生，如果你养成对自己的学习方法进行反思

的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色。performance“表现”；operation“手术，操作”；growth“成长”；character“个性”。根据句意可知选C项。

16．(2012·山东，24) My first ________ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.

A．expression B．attention

C．satisfaction D．impression

解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给我的第一印象是他是个善良而且有思想的年轻人。first i mpression“第一印象”。attention“注意”；expression“表达；表情”；satisfaction“满意”。

17．(2012·天津，3)You are working too hard. You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.

A．promise B．lead

C．balance D．diary

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：你工作太劳累了。你最好使工作与休闲保持均衡。keep a balance“保持平衡”；keep a promise“遵守诺言”；keep a diary“记日记”。

18．(2011·江苏，27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ______.

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：为了保持专业能力，老师需要不断地更新他们的知识。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“结果”；independence“独立”；intelligence“智力”。

19．(2010·湖北，21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

A．division B．area

C．range D．circle

解析：选C考查名词辨析。foods后面的定语从句that suit all tastes and pockets(适合各种口味和消费层次)说明该饭店的食物多种多样，所以，应该用range。而A项division是“划分，分开”的意思；B项area是“区域”的意思，D项circle则是“圆圈，环”的意思，显然A、B和D项不合题意。

20．(2010·山东，33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.

A．relief B．safety

C．defense D．shelter

解析：选A考查名词。句意：那些患头痛的人，服用此药后症状会得到缓解。

易错题组

21．(2012·福建，25)— Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?

— Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.

A．strength B．talent

C．ability D．skill

解析：选A考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？”“噢，你知道，英语是我的强项。因此这是我的最佳选择。”strength“强项；长处”；talent“天资；才能”；ability“能力；力量”；skill“技能；擅长”。

22．(2012·江苏，21)—Can I help you with it?

—I appreciate your________，but I can manage it myself.

A．advice B．question

C．offer D．idea

解析：选C考查名词辨析。句意：“我能帮你吗？”“我很感激你的好意，但是我自己能完成”，offer意为“主动提议，建议”，符合语境。

23．(2012·湖北，30)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.

A．pattern B．procedure

C．program D．perspective

解析：选B考查名词辨析。句意：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意。A项意为“模式”；C项意为“节目”；D项意为“远景”。

24．(2011·江西，31)What's the______，in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself?

A．sympathy B．theme

C．object D．point

解析：选D考查名词词义辨析。句意：依你看，如果他都不努力帮他自己，那我们帮他的目的是什么呢？what's the point of...表示“……的目的(意图)是什么？”。sympathy“同情”；theme“主题”；object“物体”，均与句意不符。

25．(2011·湖北，22)Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ______，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A．project B．commitment

C．competition D．ambition

解析：选B考查名词词义辨析。句意：放弃工作回去接受全日制教育是个巨大的投入，但是现在我意识到那是我所作出的最正确的决定。project 工程，项目；commitment 花费，使用(资金、时间、人力); competition竞争；ambition抱负，野心。

26．(2011·湖北，22)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ for the homeless families.

A．accommodation B．occupation

C．equipment D．furniture

解析：选A考查名词辨析。句意：地震之后，当地政府首先做的事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住所。既然是“无家可归”，所以要解决的应该是“住所”。A项是“住宿，住所”；B项是“占有，职业”；C项是“设备”；D项是“家具”，故A项符合。

考点二冠词的基本用法

1. (2014·重庆，6) I can’t tell you ________ way to the Wilsons’because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village.

A．the; a B．a; /

C．a; the D．the; /

解析：选A考查冠词。根据空后的to the Wilsons’可知第一空应该用定冠词the表特指；第二空前加不定冠词a，人名前加不定冠词表示“一个叫……的人”。

2. (2014·陕西，19) ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.

A．The; a B．A; the

C．The; the D．A; a

解析：选A考查冠词。句意：我出生的那个村子已经变成了一个城镇。根据句子的结构来判断，where I was born是定语从句，修饰先行词village，表示特指，故其前要用定冠词the；第二空意思是“一个城镇”，表示泛指，故答案为A。

3. (2014·浙江，2) The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________ week, often long into ________ night.

A．a; the B．the; 不填

C．a; a D．不填；the

解析：选A考查冠词。第一空表泛指，用不定冠词a，表示“每一”，a week表示“每周”；第二空into the night是固定搭配，意为“直到夜里”。综合起来应选A项。

4．(2013·课标，31)India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.

A．不填；a B．the; a

C．an；不填D．an; the

解析：选A考查冠词。independence为抽象名词，因此其前不用冠词；struggle前由long 来修饰此处表示具体的事物，其前应用冠词a。故选A。

5．(2013·重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.

A．a；/ B．the; /

C．the; an D．a; an

解析：选C考查冠词。“________ news”特指他们的儿子需要手术的消息，故第一空应用定冠词the；operation是单数可数名词，此处表示“一个手术”，故第二空应用不定冠词an。故选C。

6．(2013·山东，22)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.

A．不填；a B．a; the

C．the; a D．the; 不填

解析：选B考查冠词。根据语意可知，第一空泛指“一个寒冷的冬夜”，所以用不定7．(2013·陕西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.

A．the; a B．a; /

C．/; the D．the; the

解析：选D考查冠词的用法。句意：据说在十三世纪，Marco Polo在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行。Pacific Ocean是一个专有名词，其前要用定冠词；序数词前面要用定冠词。故选D。

8．(2013·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.

A．the; a B．a; a

C．a; the D．the; the

解析：选B考查冠词。句意：“中国梦”就是一个提高人们的幸福感的梦想，一个(追求)和谐、和平和发展的梦想。题干中的两空都表示泛指，故均用不定冠词。

9．(2013·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

A．a；/ B．the；the

C．a；the D．/；/

解析：选A考查冠词。句意：很明显，动物是比人类更低级的生命形态。第一空用a 修饰form，意为“一种……”，第二空man是泛指，表示“人类”，前面不需要冠词。故选A项。

10．(2012·安徽，21)Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.

A．/; a B．/; the

C．the; a D．the; the

解析：选A。考查冠词。句意：卡尔正在大学学习食品科学，他希望有一天能够开办一家自己的肉品加工厂。第一空，food science意为“食品科学”，为表示抽象概念的名词，其

前不应用冠词；第二空，中心词为factory，为可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。故选A。

11．(2012·辽宁，21) I woke up with ________ bad headache, yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.

A．the; the B．the; an

C．a; the D. a; an

解析：选C。考查冠词。第一空表示泛指；第二空为固定用法，用定冠词the, by the ev ening“到晚上为止”，故选C。

12．(2012·浙江，2)The development of industry has been ________ gradual process throughout ________ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

A．不填；the B．the；a

C. a；不填D．a；a

解析：选C。考查冠词。第一空a gradual process表示“一个逐渐的过程”，；而第二空human existence意为“人类的存在”，existence为不可数名词，所以用零冠词。

13．(2012·江西，21)The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.

A．/; a B．the; the

C．/; the D．the; a

解析：选C考查冠词。hotels这里表示泛指，用名词复数即可，第一个空不加冠词；by the sea表示“ 在海边/海岸上”，这是特指；by sea表示使用海上交通工具“乘船；由海路”。

14．(2011·山东，21)Take your time —it's just______short distance from here to______restaurant.

A．不填；the B．a; the

C．the; a D．不填；a

解析：选B考查冠词。句意：不用急，从这里到饭店只有一小段路程。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”；由语意可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店，所以用定冠词the。

易错题组

15．(2011·全国Ⅰ，33)It is generally accepted that ________boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________man.

A．a; a B．a; the

C．the; the D．a; 不填

解析：选A考查冠词的用法。句意：人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。两个空都表示泛指，因此都填不定冠词a。

16．(2011·重庆，26)In communication, a smile is usually______strong sign of a friendly and______open attitude.

A．the ；/ B．a；an

C．a；/ D．the; an

解析：选C考查冠词用法。句意：在交流中，微笑通常是一种友好而又开放的态度的强烈表示。前一个空格处是泛指，故用不定冠词a; 后一个空格处与friendly是并列形容词，都用来修饰attitude，故用零冠词。

17．(2010·四川，2)In ________ most countries，a university degree can give you ________ flying start in life.

A．the；a B．the；不填

C．不填；不填D．不填；a

解析：选D考查冠词。第一空，复数名词表示泛指，之前不用冠词；第二空，a flying start泛指“一个飞跃性的开始”。句意：在许多国家，一个大学学位能给你的人生一个飞跃性的开始。

18．(2010·重庆，27)Everything comes with ________ price；there is no such ________ thing as a free lunch in the world.

A．a；a B．the；/

C．the；a D．a；/

解析：选D考查冠词。题干中price为可数名词，其前用不定冠词a表示泛指；no such thing 相当于not such a thing。

19．(2010·福建，21)It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

A．/；a B．a；/

C．the；a D．a；the

解析：选B考查冠词。feeling为可数名词，pleasure为不可数名词，均表示泛指，故B 正确。句意：对人们来说，欣赏能带给他们乐趣的世博会感觉非常棒。

20．(2010·江西，25)Some people fear that________air pollution may bring about changes in ________weather around the world.

A．不填；the B．the；不填

C．an；the D．the；a

解析：选A考查冠词用法。pollution是不可数名词，air pollution是泛指，所以不用冠词；后一个空格处特指全世界的天气，用定冠词the。

考点三冠词的习惯用法及活用

1. (2014·天津，8) Life is like ________ ocean: Only ________ strong-willed can reach the other shore.

A．an; the B．the; a

C．the ; / D．/ ; a

解析：选A考查冠词。第一空后的名词ocean在本句中表示泛指，故用an；第二空后的strong-willed是形容词，“定冠词＋形容词”表示“一类人或事物”，因此用the。

2．(2013·课标Ⅱ，13)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

A．a; a B．the; the

C．不填；the D．a; 不填

解析：选A考查冠词。句意：四个半小时的讨论一直持续到半夜，在中间休息时我们吃了奶酪、巧克力以及喝了点加糖的茶。“四个半小时”可以表示为four and a half hours或four hours and a half。break意为“休息”，是可数名词，这里表示泛指，其前应用不定冠词。故选A。

3．(2013·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.

A．a; an B．a; 不填

C．不填；the D．the; an

解析：选A考查冠词。a preference表示“一种偏好”，develop a preference for“养成对……的偏爱”，故第一空用不定冠词a；at an early age是固定词组，意为“在很小的时候”；故选A项。

4．(2012·山东，29)Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.

A．the; the B．a; a

C．a; 不填D．不填；a

解析：选B考查冠词。不可数名词可以和不定冠词连用，表示名词的具体化。句中的a drink表示“一杯饮料”，后面的a comfort意为“一件安慰的事”。句意：在那些难熬的时光中，能买得起一杯饮料是一个莫大的安慰。

5．(2012·全国Ⅰ，22)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction.

A．不填；a B．a; the

C．the; 不填D．the; a

解析：选C考查冠词。前一空用定冠词the，是特指“未完成的画作”；后一空用了介词短语with satisfaction修饰动词look at。

6．(2011·陕西，13)As is known to all, ______ People's Republic of China is ______ biggest developing country in the world.

A．the; 不填B．不填；the

C．the; the D．不填；不填

解析：选C考查冠词。句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

第一空处，由普通名词构成的专有名词前面要用定冠词；第二空处，最高级前应使用定冠词。故选C项。

7．(2010·江苏，21)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ________ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Jiangsu.

A．不填；a B．不填；the

C．the；a D．the；the

解析：选A考查冠词的用法。句意：来自各行各业的人们都在为建设一个新江苏而奋斗，给来这儿的游客留下了很深的印象。前一个空，people本身是集合名词，一般不与冠词连用；后一个空指的是一个崭新的江苏，为泛指。

易错题组

8．(2012·全国Ⅱ，7)He missed ________ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.

A．the; the B．不填；a

C．the; a D．a; 不填

解析：选C考查冠词用法。句意：他在跳高中错失了金牌，但在跳远中还有一次机会。前一个空格处特指跳高中的金牌，故用the；后一个空格处是不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一；又一”。

9．(2010·北京，35)First impressions are the most lasting. After all，you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

A．a; the B．the; the

C．a；a D．the；a

解析：选C此题考查冠词。句意：第一印象是持续时间最长的。毕竟，你永远不会再有一次机会去获得一个第一印象。表示“又一，再一次”常用冠词a；第二个空用a表示泛指概念。

专题二代词

考点一不定代词

1. （2014·重庆，1) A smile costs ________，but gives much.

A．anything B．something

C．nothing D．everything

解析：选C考查不定代词。句意：微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是很大的。此句是一个含有转折连词but的并列句，but后面说“意义非常大”，据此可知but分句前面应该是含有否定意义的内容，所以只能选C项。

2. （2014·四川，1) She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.

A．both B．neither

C．none D．either

解析：选B考查代词。句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但她都不喜欢，于是迁居到剑桥。语境表明空格处应用表示两者完全否定的不定代词。

3. （2014·江西，32) —When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?

—________. I'll be in all day.

A．Any B．None

C．Neither D．Either

解析：选D考查代词。句意：“我什么时候打电话，上午还是下午？”“随便什么时候都可以，我一整天都在。”表示两个时间“任何一个”都行，用either。

4. （2014·安徽，24) You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.

A．One B．No one

C．Everyone D．Someone

解析：选C考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。根据前一句“You can ask anyone for help”可知，每一个人都愿意帮助你。故选C。no one为否定，不合题意；one表示泛指；someone指代某一个个体，均与前一句不符。

5. （2014·福建，21) In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________，knives and forks.

A．another B．others

C．both D．all

解析：选B考查代词。句意：在一些国家里，人们用筷子吃饭，而在其他国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。another“另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个；others“其他的”，表示泛指；both“两者，两个都”；all“(三者或三者以上)都”。根据句中的关键词some countries(一些国家)可知，空格处表示“其他的国家”，所以选择B项(others)。

6．(2013·课标Ⅱ，14)It's an either or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.

A．others B．either

C．another D．both

解析：选D考查代词。句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not ... both，故选D。

7．(2013·天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.

A．them B．these

C．those D．ones

解析：选C考查代词。句意：我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指，替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines 后有限制语described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若选ones，则应在其前加上the。

8．(2013·重庆，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.

A．another B．the other

C．one another D．one

解析：选A考查代词。句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another 表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。

9．(2013·山东，21)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.

A．either B．any

C．each D．another

解析：选A考查不定代词。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市，根据转折词but可知，后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”，所以选A。any“任一”，each“每个”，another“另一”，都不符合语境。句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。

10．(2013·辽宁，29)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.

A．that B．one

C．ones D．those

解析：选A考查代词。句意：使黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of her colleagues与前面的of her students是同样的结构，因此此空应该选择that来替代the trust，以避免重复。

11．(2013·安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.

A．Nothing B．Anything

C．Something D．Everything

解析：选A考查不定代词。句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。

12．(2013·四川，2)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.

A．one B．this

C．that D．it

解析：选C考查代词。句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。

13．(2013·陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.

A．some B．neither

C．none D．all

解析：选C考查代词辨析。句意：虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病，但是她没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知，此处表示“一点儿也不，一点儿也没有”，所以应用none。

14．(2012·课标·全国Ⅰ，31)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ________ of them wants to, because they have work to do.

A．either B．any

C．neither D．none

解析：选C考查代词。后半句句意：他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。对两者的全部否定用neither。

15．(2012·江苏，23)Sophia waited for a reply, but________ came.

A．either B．another

C．neither D．none

解析：选D考查代词辨析。根据句中表示转折的连词but可知，此处应用表示全部否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项；neither表示“两者都不”，此处并不表示两者，故排除C。none意为“一个都没有”，通常用于表示“三者或三者以上都不……”，符合句意。

14．(2011·上海，26) To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ________ .

A．the other B．other

C．the others D．another

解析：选D句意：为了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又点了一杯。本题考查不定代词。A项the other 指两者中的另一个，不符合语境，故排除；other后需要名词，排除B项；the others 是复数形式，表特指，不符合句意。another 另一个，又一个，符合语境，故选D。

15．(2011·湖南，24)I knew that ________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.

A．something B．anything

C．everything D．nothing

解析：选D考查代词。句意：我知道没有什么能阻止他。他是不会放弃当导演的想法的。nothing 意为“没有什么”，符合句意。

16．(2010·全国Ⅱ，12)Neither side is prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them.

A．others B．the other

C．another D．one other

解析：选B考查代词用法。句意：双方都不肯与对方交谈，除非我们消除他们之间的障碍。根据句中的neither可知共有两方，所以另外一方用the other。

易错题组

17．(2012·福建，22)— Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?

—$4,000, or ________ like that.

A．anything B．everything

C．something D．nothing

解析：选C考查不定代词。句意：“你算出这次旅行花多少钱了吗？”“4000美元，或者大约这数”。something like that是固定搭配，意为“约略如此”。

18．(2012·重庆，27)－Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.

－What do you think of______over there?

A．the one B．this

C．it D．that

解析：选D考查代词用法。说话人埋怨自己忘记了行李的外观，答话人提醒对方注意那边的行李，所以用that , 特指the luggage。luggage是不可数名词，由此可排除A项；B 项与over there矛盾；C项是特指上文已经提到的同一个东西，显然不正确。

19．(2011·浙江，7)Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ______ else.

A．anything B．something

C．anywhere D．somewhere

解析：选C考查代词辨析。根据语意“因为幽默受人喜欢，所以它在对话中或者在其他任何场合中都很受欢迎”可知，C项符合语意。anywhere表示“在任何地方”。

20．(2011·四川，3)There is ______in his words.We should have a try.

A．something B．anything

C．nothing D．everything

解析：选A考查不定代词。something 想来重要(或值得注意)的事物。句意：他的话中有值得重视的东西，我们应该试一试。

21．(2011·全国Ⅰ，23)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and ________ half learning drawing.

A．another B．the other

C．other's D．other

解析：选B考查代词辨析。句意：假期我会把一半时间用于练习英语，另一半用于学习绘画。half表示“一半”，the other half表示“另一半”。the other指两个事物中的“另一个”。因此答案为B。

22．(2010·浙江，14) ________ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.

A．One B．All

C．Everything D．Anything

解析：选B考查代词。空格中所要选的代词在整个句子中作主语，后面的that's important 作了主语的定语，all that相当于what，所以选B项。

考点二反身代词、人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、it的用法及其他

1. (2014·陕西，21) I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

A．it B．you

C．one D．this

解析：选A考查代词。句意：如果你能够让我提前知道你是否要来，我将不胜感激。根据句子的结构，此空在句中作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为if所引导的从句，故要用it。故答案为A。

2. (2014·山东，4) Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

A．that B．this

C．it D．her

解析：选C考查代词。句意：苏珊向我明确表示她希望开始自己的新生活。it为形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。

3. (2014·浙江，3) An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

A．each B．it

C．this D．one

解析：选B考查代词辨析。make sth./sb.＋n.“使/让某事(某人)成为……”。代词it在此处指代前面的“last year”，为同名同物的指代。

4. （2014·大纲卷，25) —Who's that at the door?

— ________ is the milkman.

A．He B．It

C．This D．That

解析：选B考查代词it。代词it可指代上文提到不知道性别的人或物。此处应用it指

代上句中的“在门口的那个人”。

6．(2013·浙江，11)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.

A．these B．some

C．ones D．those

解析：选D考查代词辨析。句意：来自16个国家的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。

7．(2012·全国Ⅱ，9)Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

A．herself B．this

C．that D．it

解析：选D考查代词用法。句意：Sarah赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it to表示“及时到达，赶上”，是固定搭配。

8．(2012·四川，2)New technologies have made ________ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.

A．that B．this

C．one D．it

解析：选D考查代词。句意：新兴科技已经使更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。题干为固定句型：make ＋it ＋adj. ＋to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式短语to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。

9．(2011·山东，24)The two girls are so alike that strangers find______difficult to tell one from the other.

A．it B．them

C．her D．that

解析：选A考查代词。句意：这两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人很难将她们区分开。用it 代替后面的动词不定式，作谓语动词find的宾语。

10．(2011·江西，25)Why don't you bring ______to his attention that you're too ill to work on?

A．that B．it

C．this D．him

解析：选B考查代词。句意：你为何不让他注意到你病得无法继续工作的事实？此处是it的特殊用法，其本身无实义。

11．(2010·上海，27)If our parents do everthing for us children, we won’t learn to depend on______.

A．themselves B．them

C．us D．ourselves

解析：选D句意：如果我们的父母为我们孩子们做了所有的一切，我们就学不会独立。由句意和句中的we 可排除A和B两项；空格处用反身代词作宾语与主语保持一致。

易错题组

12．(2012·山东，21)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or ________.

A．whoever B．wherever

C．whatever D．however

解析：选A考查词义辨析。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。whoever 在这里作代词，意为“不管什么人；无论是谁”，符合题意。

13．(2011·北京，34)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase______.

A．them B．those

C．it D．that

解析：选C考查代词。根据句意“由于地方政府的努力，大城市的就业率在上升”可知应用it 指代the employment rate。

专题三介词和介词短语

考点一介词辨析

1. (2014·江西，33) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ________ his great wealth.

A．without B．despite

C．in D．to

解析：选B考查介词。句意：简直难以置信，尽管卢卡斯先生很富有，但他过着简朴的生活。despite表示“尽管”，符合句意。

2. (2014·重庆，7) She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.

A．on B．along

C．from D．off

解析：选D考查介词。因为车在拐弯的时候开得如此快应该是车差点脱离了道路，据此可知应该选D项。off意为“离开”。

3. (2014·北京，23) Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.

A．by B．in

C．for D．until

解析：选B考查介词。句意：Jane急匆匆赶路，因为去机场的火车半小时后就要开了。

“in＋一段时间”表示“一段时间之后”，常与表示将来的动作连用，符合语境，故选B项。

4. (2014·陕西，14) The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

A．by B．of

C．in D．with

解析：选D考查介词短语作定语。句意：那个蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。根据句子的结构来判断，此处要用介词短语作定语，修饰the Scottish girl，表示“带有……”，要用介词with。故答案为D。

5. (2014·浙江，17) People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.

A．from B．over

C．with D．for

解析：选D考查介词辨析。句意：当别人仍然还有许多自己的观点急需表达时，他们是不会注意你的。cry for意为“迫切需要，恳求，吵着要”。

6. (2014·大纲卷，29) September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.

A．by B．for

C．with D．in

解析：选A考查介词。句意：9月30日是你最迟的交费日期。by表示“在……之前，不迟于”。

7．(2013·课标Ⅰ，34)It was a real race ________ time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.

A．over B．by

C．for D．against

解析：选D考查介词辨析。句意：为了完成这个项目，我们简直是在和时间赛跑啊。幸运的是，我们做到了。against表示“与……比赛”，符合句意。

8．(2013·课标Ⅱ，11)A serious study of physics is impossible ________ some knowledge of mathematics.

A．against B．before

C．beyond D．without

解析：选D考查介词辨析。句意：没有一些数学知识，不可能有严谨的物理研究。without 在此表示条件。

9．(2013·北京，26)I have an appointment ________ Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.

A．to B．off

C．with D．from

解析：选C考查介词用法。句意：我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改变一下。have an appointment with sb.表示“和某人有约”。

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A．from B．by

C．at D．for

解析：选D考查介词。句意：史密斯夫妇因其教养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。be praised for ...是固定搭配，意为“因……而受到赞扬”。

11．(2012·全国Ⅱ，16)100 °C is the temperature ________ which water will boil.

A．for B．at

C．on D．of

解析：选B考查介词的用法。句意：100摄氏度是水的沸点。此处at表示“达，在(某一温度、速度、水平或价格等)”。at which water will boil是定语从句，修饰先行词the temperature。

12．(2011·天津，11)He was a good student and scored______ average in most subjects.

A．below B．of

C．on D．above

解析：选D考查介词词义辨析。句意：他是一个好学生，大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above 表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过、多于”，符合句意。

13．(2010·北京，29)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ________ everyone's enjoyment.

A．in B．at

C．for D．to

解析：选C此题考查介词辨析。句意：你能不摘花园里的花吗？他们是让所有人都欣赏的。“为了……”应用for，to表示“对于……”。

易错题组

14．(2012·北京，34)Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?

A．at B．on

C．to D．across

解析：选D考查介词。句意：你觉得这件衬衣的肩部是不是太紧了？across表示“从一边到另一边”，符合句意。

15．(2011·重庆，24)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read______the library.

A．in B．for

C．by D．from

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2010-2019十年高考英语真题分类汇编

2010-2019十年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题开放式书面表达 (2010·安徽) 假设你将参加某英语杂志社开展的一次征文活动，征文的内容要求你在电视、手机（cell）和网络三者中，放弃其中一个并陈述理由。请你以“Which would you give up:TV,cell,or Web?”为题，写一篇英语短文。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 (2010·湖北) 请你根据以下提示，结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。 The best example of universally understood body language may be the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls. 注意：①无须写标题； ②内容只需涉及一个方面； ③词数为100左右。 (2010·北京) 请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。 In your spoken English class, your teacher shows you the following picture. You are asked to describe the picture and explain how you understand it.

(2011·广东) 阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文 When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able（https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3510842937.html,）to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy. He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) 安定wanted to go homes as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school. [写作内容] 1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。 2. 以约120个词讲述一次你（或你的朋友）想家的经历，内容包括： ⑴时间、地点和起因； ⑵想家给学习和生活带来的影响； ⑶你（或你朋友）是如何应对的。 [写作要求] 1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容何时，语句连贯。 (2012·安徽) 书面表达(满分25分)