虚拟语气精讲

虚拟语气

一、语气的种类。

1．陈述语气。

表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。

Eg：Iraq is an Asian country. （肯定句）

伊拉克是亚洲国家。

The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20, 2003. （否定句）

美英联军于2003年3月20日发动了第二次海湾战争。

Who was it that they want to help? （疑问句）

他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀？

How interesting my stay in China has been! （感叹句）

我在中国的日子过的真是有趣！

2．祈使语气。

表示说话人对对方的请求、警告或命令。

Eg: Please come over here.

请到这边来。

Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand?

请帮个忙好吗？

Watch your steps!

当心！（走路）

Never be late again!

再也不要迟到了。

3．虚拟语气。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符合的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形势表示出来的。

Eg: If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air.

如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination.

我希望我能通过考试。

May you succeed!

祝您成功！

If only we had been college students last year!

去年我们要是大学生就好了！

二、虚拟语气的用法。

1.虚拟语气用在简单句中。

表示祝愿、命令。

Eg: May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a pleasant journey.

祝你旅途愉快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝愿我们的友谊天长地久。

2.虚拟语气用在复合句中。

（虚拟语气用于宾语从句）

常跟在动词wish, suggest, order, insist, propose等词后面的宾语从句中，表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。

（1）在wish后的宾语从句中，be动词常用“were-型”表虚拟语气，行为动词用一般过去时替代一般现在时。

（a）表示现在的愿望和将来的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去式（be通常用were）或would, could, might+动词原形。Eg: I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我这边。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能够帮助他。

（b）表示过去的愿望，宾语从句谓语动词要用过去完成时或would, could, might+过去分词。

Eg: I wish I had been with her last weekend.

我希望上周末和她在一起。

How I wished it hadn’t been snowing while I was there！

多么希望我在那边时不是一直都在下雪啊！

注：were-型虚拟式只有一种形式，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用were，如果动词为进行体或被动语态，其助动词也一律用were。例题：--Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?

--I wish I ______, but I have to study for a test.

A. had

B. should

C. could

D. did

（2）在动词suggest(建议)，demand(要求)，order(命令)，propose(建议)，insist(坚持)，command(命令)，request(要求)，desire(希望)

后面的从句中，动词用“should-型”虚拟式，即：should+动词

原形，表示建议、要求、命令等。Should可以省略。

Eg：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

He insists that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.

我建议马上开会。

The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.

这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。

注：1—当suggest表示“暗示”时，后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Eg：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。

He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.

他建议我坚持自己的决定。

2—当insist表示“坚持（说/认为）”时，后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

Eg：He insists that doing morning exercise does good to people’s health.

他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。

He insists that he (should) do morning exercise every day.

他坚持每天都要做早操。

3—当ask表示“问”时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气，而在表示“要求”时，则用法类似require/request，用虚拟语气。

Eg：He asked us if we had wanted to visit the Summer Palace.

他问我们是否本来想去参观颐和园。

He asks that he (should) be given the chance.

他要求得到这个机会。

例题：1. --What did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?

--He suggested that she ______an operation at once.

A. must have

B. had

C. have

D. had had

2. The teacher demanded that the exam ______before election.

A.Would be finished

B. must be finished

C.be finished

D. must be finishing

（虚拟语气用于表语从句）

（1）当主语为before, suggestion, order, proposal, demand等词时，后接that引导的表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+

动词原形”结构，表示建议、劝告、命令的内容。

Eg: My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.

我的建议是你尽可能的经常练习说英语。

The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.

司令官的命令是部队立即出发去前线。

（2）当宾语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal, demand等词时，后接that引导的同位语从句，从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，说明所提的建议、劝告、命令等的内容。

Eg: He gave us some advice that we should pay attention to our pronunciation.

他给我们的忠告是要重视发音。

Mr. Li put forward a suggestion that the meeting should be put off until next Monday.

李先生建议会议推迟到下周一。

（3）a s if, as though引导的表语从句，如果表示与事实和可能出现的事实相反的假设，be动词用“were-型”虚拟式，行动动词用过去完成时。

Eg：He looks as if he were his father.

他看起来像他爸爸。

He seemed as though he had known everything.

他好像什么都知道似的。（事实上他并不知道。）

注：当as if, as though引导的表语从句不表示与事实或可能出现的事实相反的假设时，则不用虚拟语气。

Eg：Tom looks as if he’s been told about the car accident already.

看起来好像汤姆已经获悉这起汽车事故。

例题：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_______.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had broken

（虚拟语气用于主语从句）

在句型“It is important(necessary, strange, natural)that…”, that 从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。

Eg：It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.

现在我们有必要出去散散步。

It’s natural that she (should) be taken good care of.

她得到很好的照顾是很自然的。

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

（虚拟语气用于if引导的条件状语从句）

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。

（1）与过去事实相反：

形条件状语从句的谓语动词：had+过去分词

主句的谓语动：should/would/could/might+have+动词原形

（2）与现在事实相反：

形条件状语从句的谓语动词：过去式（be的过去式通常用were）

主句的谓语动：should/would/could/might+动词原形

（3）与将来可能出现的事实进行相反的假设：

形条件状语从句的谓语动词：过去式（be的过去式通常用were）

should(用于所有人称)+动词原形

were to+动词原形

主句的谓语动：should/would/could/might+动词原形

Eg：If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

要是我早点儿出发，就可以赶上火车了。

She would/might have come if she hadn’t been so busy.

她要不是那么忙就来了。

If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.

要是没有听你的劝告，我就犯了一个大错误。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。

If she knew English, she would not ask for help.

如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.

如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

I would certainly go with you if I would have time next Monday.

下周一我要是有时间，就与你一起去。

例题：1. --If he______, he______that food.

--Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she______, she would have met my brother.

A.has come

B.did come

C.came

D.had come

3. You didn’t let me drive. If we______in turn, you______so tired.

A.drove; didn’t get

B.drove; wouldn’t get

C.were driving; wouldn’t get

D.had drive; wouldn’t have got

(4) 有时，用which/but for表示“要不是”这样的虚拟条件（相当于if it weren’t/hadn’t been for……）,或者otherwise和or这样的并列连词，表示虚拟条件。

Eg: But for your help, I couldn’t finish my work on time.

要是没有你的帮助，我就不能按时完成我的工作。

Without water or air, nothing could live.

没有空气和水，万物不能生存。

He turned up at last; or we could have had to find another time for a meeting.

他终于出现了。否者，我们得另外找时间开会了。

例题：Without electricity human life______quite different today.

A.is

B.will be

C.would have been

D.would be

（5）有时条件状语从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

Eg：If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这项共工作了。

If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日聚会了。

If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

假若你不借我钱，我不可能买下这栋新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。

例题：1. If there were no examination, we should have______at school.

A.the happiest time

B.a more happier time

C.a much happiest time

D.a much happier time

2. If he______quickly as the doctor instructed, he would not

suffer so much now.

A.lies

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3f4816827.html,y

C.had lain

D.should lie

（6）含蓄条件句。

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表现出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有3种情况：

（a）条件暗含在单词或短语中。

Eg: What would I have done without you?

如果没有你，我该怎么办呢？

It would be easier to do it this way.

这样做会比较容易。

This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster.

同样的事，如发生在战争时期，就会酿成大祸。

Alone, he would have been terrified.

如果是单独一个人，他会感到害怕的。

（b）条件暗含在上下文中。

Eg：You might stay here forever.

你可以永远呆在这儿。

We would have succeeded.

我们本来是会成功的。

Your reputation would be ruined.

你的荣誉会被毁的。

I would appreciate a little of your time.

谢谢你给我一点儿时间。

例题：He is working hard for fear that he______.

A.fails

B.failed

C.would fail

D.fail

（c）在某些情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。

Eg: You wouldn’t know.

你不会知道。

I would like to come.

我愿意来。

I wouldn’t have dreamed of it.

这是我做梦也不会想到的。

He told the story in such minute details that he might himself have been an eyewitness.

他把那个故事讲得非常仔细，简直就像他亲眼看见一样。

注：1. 当虚拟语气if从句中含有should, were或had时，在书面语中可以省去if, 将should, were或had提到主语前，形成倒桩。

Eg：Had he know her address, he would have gone to visit her.

如果他知道她的地址，他回去看她的。

Were she younger, she would do it.

如果她年轻点，她就会干的。

Should there be a good film tomorrow, I would go to the cinema with you.

明天如果有好看的影片，我就跟你一起去看电影。

2.有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略。而只剩下一个主句或一个条件从句。

Eg: I could help you.

我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time.

我要有时间该多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

3.虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词时态可以和主句的动作时态不一致/ Eg: If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在就会干的容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

具体的说，有以下几种情况需注意：

A.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。

Eg: If they had started in the early morning yesterday, they would be now.

他们要是昨天清晨出发，现在就可能到那里了。

B.从句表示将来，主句表示过去。

Eg: If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment tomorrow afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.

要不是我得准备明天下午的实验，我昨天就跟你看电影去了。C.从句表示过去，主句表示将来。

Eg：If I hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week.

如我们没有做好充分的准备，下个礼拜就不敢做实验。

D.从句表示将来，从句表示现在。

Eg: If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

要是今天下午不考试，我现在就去买东西了。

（虚拟语气用于方式状语从句）

由as if, as though引起事物与事实相反的方式状语从句，不论主句的谓语是现在时或过去式，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，基本上都表示虚拟语气。

Eg：John pretends, as if he didn’t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.

约翰假装对这事一无所知，但实际上他一清二楚。

The old man looked at the picture; he felt as though he had gone back to 20 years ago.

老人看着这张照片，觉得好像回到20年前的时候。

They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.

他们聊啊聊，似乎再也不能见面似的。

The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.

这位老师对待这位学生就像对她的亲生孩子一样。

He speaks as if he had been to the United States.

他说得好像他到过美国一样。

三、与虚拟语气有关的结构。

1.在“it is(was)+adj+that……”结构中。当形容词是

necessary, important, probable, possible, strange等时，主

语从句的谓语也用“should+动词原形（should常省略）”

表示虚拟语气。

Eg：It was necessary that we (should) get everything ready ahead of time.

我们有必要提前做好各种准备。

It is strange that we (should) not be prepared for this.

他居然对此没有准备，太奇怪了。

It is important that we (should) know something about literature.

了解一些文学对我们来说是很重要的。

例题：It is really strange that the girl______so early.

A.has been married

B.has married

C.be married

D.would marry

2.would rather/had better表示“宁愿，但愿”，后面的宾语

从句中谓语动词用过去式表示现在的愿望，用过去完成

时表示对过去所做的事情的懊悔。

Eg: I would rather you went with me.

我宁愿你和我一起去。

I’d rather you told me the truth.

我真希望你告诉我真相。

I’d rather I didn’t see you again.

我宁愿不再见你。

I would rather everything hadn’t happened.

但愿一切都没有发生过。

3.hope, expect, think, mean等表示“希望”、“打算”等心

理活动的词，在表示“本来希望（想要……）”这样的

含义时，动词用过去式表示现在，用过去完成时表示过

去，如用had hoped表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实

现的事情。

Eg: I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and studied there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

我本来希望她去美国上学，可她说她喜欢呆在中国。

I wanted to have a talk with you, but since you have another guest at the moment, I can call you later.

我本想和你谈谈，不过既然你现在有别的客人，我以后给你打电话吧。

4.在“It is(high/about)time+that”句型中，定语从句的谓

语用一般过去时。

Eg：It is high (about) time that we left.

我们该走了。

It is time that we did something to stop pollution.

是该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。

It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.

是该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。

注：在这个句型中，that引导的定语从句偶尔也可以用would(should)+动词原形，或had rather(would rather)+动词原形。

但应该注意：在“This is the first/second…time that…”句型中，that从句中谓语动词用现在完成时，如果是“That was the last…time that”则用过去完成时。

This is already my hundredth time that I’ve seen Tom; he is really a frequent visitor to the tea house.

这已经是我第一百次见到汤姆了。他实在是这家茶馆的常客啊！

It was my first time I had been with Mr. Li.

那是我第一次和李先生在一起。

5.if only则表示“如果……就好了”，从句中用“were-型”

虚拟语气。

Eg: If only the alarm clock had rung!

当时闹钟响了就好了!

If only he had come!

要是他来了多好啊！

注：only if表示“只有”，是对if的强调，用陈述语气。

Eg: I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.

只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

高考英语虚拟语气用法精讲精练.doc

学习好资料欢迎下载 一．语气的定义和种类。 1语气 (mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2语气的种类 a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句 和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ b.祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Don’ t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 c.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测 等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 对比： If I am a bird, I can fly in the sky. 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条 件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we ’ ll go fishing together. 如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If time permitted, we would go fishing together. （隐含的事实是：时间不允许，我们不会一起去 钓鱼）。 三．例句与练习： 1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。 If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他 真相了。（事实上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我。（事实上她 没有时间） 练习： 1, If the color of your dress ____ red, you _____ look more cheerful. 2, If I ____(have to) say something good about your work, I ______ say“ well done”.

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全

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