虚拟语气精讲精练及答案
虚拟语气总览
1. 英语中的三种语气
英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。
2. 非真实条件句的虚拟语气
条件从句主句
过去had done would/should/might/could/ought to
have done
现在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/ought to
do
将来1、did
2、should do
3、were to do
would/should/might/could/ought to
do
巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：MS COW(奶牛女士)：might, should, could, ought to, would
2.1. 与过去事实相反
1). If I had had much money at that time, I would have bought you what you want.
2). If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.
3). If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
4). We wouldn’t have succeeded if it had not been for their help.
5). If you had been here yesterday, you would have met the film star.
6). If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them.
7). If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.
8). If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest.
9). If you had worked a little harder, you could have passed the final examination.
10). If they had invited her to the party, she would have attended it.
2.2.与现在事实相反
1). If I were you, I would go there at once.
2). If my classmates were here, they would help me.
3). If I were you, I would accept the job.
4). If classes were smaller, children would learn more.
5). If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.
6). If I had enough money, I would buy a large house.
7). If I had time, I would go shopping with you.
8). If I knew all the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius.
9). If he were here now, we would ask him about it.
10). If I had time, I would study French.
11). If I knew her number, I could ring her. (可惜我不知道)
12). If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. (实际上地球引力始终存在。)
13). If I knew the answer, I would tell you. (实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。)
14). If I had money on me, I would lend you some.
15). We would not be able to walk if there were no friction.
16). If you were in my position, what would you do?
17). If they treated me as a slave, I had to resign.
18). If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.
19). If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. (如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。)
20). Life might be too dull if it had no difficulties in it. (倘若生活中没了困难，就会过于平淡。)
2.3. 与将来事实相反
1). If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, we would have a rest.
2). If the sun were to rise from the west, I would marry you.
(注意：对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，should do中等，were to do最小。如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用were to最恰当。)
3). If I were to meet her tomorrow, I would ask her about it.
4). If green plants should disappear some day, there would hardly be any life on
the earth.
5). If I were to do the work, I would do it in a different way.
6). If it should(were to) rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off.
7). If you missed the film this evening, you would be sorry for it. (如果今晚错过
了这场电影，你会遗憾的。实际上，你不会错过。)
8). If I were to see her tomorrow, I would invite her home.
9). If you lived there for several months, you would change your mind about the
place.
10). If things were to be done twice, all would be wise. (如果事情能被做两次，
人人都会变得明智。)
2.4. 混合型
1). If you had followed the doctor’s ad vice, you would be much better now.(过去→现在)
2). If you had worked hard, you would be a college student now.(过去→现在)
3). If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.(过去→现在)
4). If you had got six more votes yesterday, you would be our chairman now. (过去→现在)
5). If I had earned much money last summer, I would go on a vacation next month. (过去→将来)
6). If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. (现在→将来)
7). If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive today. (过去→现在)
8). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. (现在→过去)
9). If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. (过去→现在)
10). If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I wouldn’t be still living in the dangerous house now. (过去→过去→现在)
2.5. if的省略与条件句的倒装
1). Were I you, I would have accepted the job.
2). Were she here, she would support us.
3). Were you to go fishing with me, you would have a much happier time.
4). Were men angels, no government would be necessary. (如果人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。)
5). Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.
6). Had you come earlier, you would have met my girlfriend.
7). Had I time, I would come. (本句中had是实意动词，而非主动词。)
8). Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something to prevent it from happening.
9). Many persons in the worls would have succeeded had they not wasted their valuable time.
10). Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go outing.
11). Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
12). We would gone to your birthday party had you invited us.
13. I would go should it be necessary.
14). What would have happened had Bob walked farther, as far as the river bank?
15). Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.
16). Were it not for water, no plant could grow.
(注：例句8、9知识点见“二→6→B→a”。)
17). Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law. (Whether they be…)
18). Be the weather what it may, I will leave tomorrow. (Whether the weather be what it may, …)
(注：例句13、14知识点见“八→5”。)
注意：在这一结构中，若条件句为否定句，not应被放在主语之后，而不能
缩写成weren’t, shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。如例15，16。
2.6. 含蓄型：
A. with ：“要是有，如果有”，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1). With your help, we would have worked out the problem.
(要是有你的帮助，我们早就解出这道题了。实际上你没有帮助我们，我们也没有解出这道题。)
2). With a little asssistance, Alexander would have succeeded.
3). With better equipment, we could have done it better.
B. a. without / but for / if it were not for(were it not for) / if it hadn’t been for(had it not been for) / in the absence of + Sb. /Sth.
b. but that + 句子；
注意: a.b.都表示“要不是，若非，如果没有,如果不是”, 表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1). Without your help, I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.
2). Without the programmer(程序编制人员), the computer would be useless.
3). Without sunshine, nothing could grow on earth.
4). Without water or air, nothing could live.
5). Without contradiction nothing could exist. (没有矛盾，就没有世界)
6). Without him, we would have failed.
7). Without the difficulies we would not know great men’s toughness. (如果没有
困难，我们就不会了解伟人的坚韧性格。)
8). I would never make it without the havits of order and diligence. (假如没有按
部就班和勤奋的习惯，我就不会成功。)
9). Without challenges, Obama would never have been President of the United
States.
10). Without steel, there would be no modern industry. (没有钢，就没有现代工
业。)
11). But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.
12). But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned.
13). But for friction, people could neither walk, nor even stand up.
(注：以上例句1-13without, but for都可互换，并可替换为in the absence of;
若是对现在或将来的虚拟，可用If it were not for替换；若是对过去的虚拟则可用If it had not been for来替换。)
14). But that he saw it, he could not have believed it.
15). The little girl would have fallen into the river but that the PLA man caught
her.
16). But that you didn’t let me take that cup of tea I would have been posioned to
death.
17). She would have come to see you that day but that she was ill. (=But for her
illness)
18). But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier. (=But for
the heavy snow, …)
19). She would have bought the book but that she had no money then.
20). If it weren’t for my job, I would come with you.
21). If it were not for his wife’s money he would never be a mayor.
22). If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.
23). If it had not been for you, I could not have worked out the problem.
C. or, or else, otherwise；
1). I didn’t catch the bus, otherwise I wouldn’t have missed the film.
2). I got up too late, otherwise I wouldn’t have been late for the meeting.
3). She wasn’t feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so
early.
4). I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade(游行).
5). I am busy now. Otherwise, I would help you.
6). He can’t have written to me, otherwise I would have got his letter by now.
7). He told me of your arrival, or I would have known nothing about it.
8). The soldier fled away, or he would have been killed.
9). I didn’t know that he was a liar, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.
D. 通过上下文推断，没有引导词，真正的含蓄。
1). Born in better times, he would have been a scholar(学者).
2). I would do so in your position.
3). Given more time, we would do it better.
4). Unless you had done it earlier, you would have failed.
2.7. suppose(that), supposing(that); provided (that); assuming (that); on condition that; given that
1). Suppose/supposing that there were no gravity, objects would not fall to ground
when dropped.
=If there were no gravity, objects would not fall to ground when dropped.
2). Supposing you couldn’t write, what would you do?
3). Children were permitted into the hall for the film provided (that) they did not
make any trouble.
4). The guards allow the tourists to go into the woods on condition that they
(should)do no harm to the animals.
(on condition that = only if, 它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述，可虚拟，但均表示一个真实条件。)
5). Given that he doesn’t agree to do it, we shall do it alone.
(given that表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。)
3. 宾语从句的虚拟语气
3.1. wish
wish that … had done →表示对过去已发事情的虚拟
wish that … did/were →表示对现在正发事情的虚拟
wish that … were to/should/could/might/would do →表示对将
来要发事情的虚拟
1). I wish I were a bird.
2). The ugly girl wishes she were better looking.
3). Sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and a different place.
4). How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
5). I have never been to New York, but how I wish I had.
6). I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day.
7). How we wish we could have a rest tomorrow!
8). I wish I could stand on a busy street corner, hat in hand, and beg people to throw me all their wasted hours.
(我希望自己站在熙熙攘攘的大街上，手里拿着帽子，乞求人们把废弃的时光扔给我。)
9). I wish I had never met him.
10). I wish you hadn’t spent so much money.
3.2. would rather (that)…
本结构从句是一般过去时时，表示一个对现在或将来的愿望；是过去完成时时，表示对过去已发事件的一种妄想，表明说话者宁愿某人做或没有做某事，实际上却恰恰相反。具有相同用法的结构还有would sooner, would as soon, would just as soon，它们可替换would rather。
1). I would rather you were home now.
2). I’d sooner you painted the wall green next time.
3). I would rather you had been there with me. (实际上不是你，是别人)
4). I’d rather you had more health than wealth.
5). I’d rather you hadn’t done that. (实际上已做)
6). I would rather that I had stayed at home yesterday. (实际上并没有)
7). I would just as soon that John hadn’t spoken rudely to me.
8). I’d rather you had told me the truth.
9). I’d rather everyting hadn’t happ ened between us.
试比较：
1)、would rather后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来某种行为的一种主观愿望或选择，为陈述语气。
1). I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
2). The brave soldiers would tather die than surrender to the enemy.
3). I’d rather not go to the cinema tonight.
2)、would rather后接不定式完成时表示对已发生事件的后悔。
4). I’d rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip.
5). The film was terrible. I’d rather not have gone to the cinema last night.
6). ---Did you blame him for his mistakes? ---Yes, but I’d rather not have done it.
3.3. 表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词
3.3.1. 这类动词的宾语从句的谓语形式为should + 动词原形，should可以省略，但引导词that通常不省略。常用的这类动词有：
advise忠告，建议ask要求command命令
decide决定
demand要求desire希望，可望determine决定
insist坚持
order命令prefer宁愿promise允诺
propose提议
recommend推荐，劝告request要求require要求
suggest建议
3.3.2. 巧记宾从用虚拟语气的动词
方法一、一坚二命三建四要
一坚持→insist 二命令→order, command
三建议→suggest, advise, recommend 四要求→require, request, demand, desire
方法二、DISCO （迪斯科）
D→demand I →insist S →suggest
C →command O →order
方法三、I drop caps.
I→insist D→demand/desire R→
require/request/recommend
O→order P→propose C→command
A→advise P→prefer S→suggest
3.3.3. 例句
1). The driver demanded that all the passengers show their tickets to him.
2). The officer ordered that his troops move on to the front.
3). The commander commanded that we attack at once.
4). In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.
5). I prefer that you not eat that much.
6). I propose that Mr. Li be the chairman.
7). I recommended that you should reduce your expenditure.
8). He asks that he be given an opportunity to try this method.
9). I asked that I be allowed to see her.
10). He insisted that a doctor be sent for at once.
11). Our teacher insisted that we not play computer games at school.
12). Who do you suggest be sent to work there?
13). We suggest that he give less money to his child.
14). Mr. Wang suggested that I take enough sleep before the final examination.
15). He determined that she set off at once.
16). She advised that we keep the door locked.
17). They require that visitors not smoke in the workshop.
18). Mr. Wang required that all the students be polite to others.
注：以上各例句宾语从句中谓语动词前统统省略了should。
3.3.4、suggest与insist之例外
suggest作“建议”解时用虚拟语气，作“表明”解时用陈述语气；insist作“坚持”解时用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为，坚持说”解时用陈述语气。
1). The smile on my mother’s face suggested that she was delighted with my examination result. (非虚拟)
2). His yawns suggested that he was sleepy. （非虚拟）
3). All these facts suggest that he is innocent. （非虚拟）
4). Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and his parents suggested that she have a medical examination. (前实后虚)
5). He insisted that he had done right. （非虚拟）
6). He insisted that he was not involved in the case. （非虚拟）
7). He insisted that he had not been late that morning. （非虚拟）
8). He insisted that what he said was true and we insisted that he go and have a look. (前实后虚)
9). The aged man insisted that he wasn’t ill and shouldn’t be sent to the hospital.
4. 主语从句的虚拟语气
基本结构：
It be /seem + (表示愿望、建议、命令、要求、意志、
惊讶、不满、遗憾等意义的)形容词/过去分词/名词+
that + 主语+ （should）+动词原形.
在本结构中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，从句中谓语动词的形式为should do, should 可以省略。
4.1. It is + adj. + that + … (should) do …
常用的此类形容词有：
advisable明智的amazing令人吃惊的
disappointing令人失望的
embarrassing令人尴尬的essential重要的
important重要的
incredible令人难以置信的natural自然的
necessary 必需的,不可缺少的
strange奇怪的surprising令人惊讶的
vital 至关重要的
urgent紧急的astonishing 令人惊讶的
imperative 势在必行的
1). It is natural that he object to a plan like that.
2). It is necessary that we tell him the truth at once.
3). It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.
4). It is essential that every child be given the same educational opportunities.
5). It is urgent that a doctor should be sent for immediately.
6). It is advisable that everyone have a map.
7). It is vital that the headmaster receive this letter this evening.
8). It is important that you should thank those who supported you through the disappointments.
(重要的是, 你应该感谢那些在你失意时给予你支持的人。)
9). It is really strange that the girl be married so early. (真奇怪，那小姑娘竟然这么早就出嫁了！)
10). It is amazing that he should have learnt so much in such a short time.
11). It is strange that he have left without saying good-bye.
12). It is surprising that he should be so foolish as to believe her lie
13). It was astonishing that she have kept the secret from him all through their lifetime.
14). It seems incredible that he have finished the work so soon. (他竟然这么快就完成了工作，这似乎令人难以置信。)
注意：
a. 在It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/strange/incrediable/a pity/a shame that ... 结构中，that虚拟从句表示说话人的惊讶、懊悔、失望等强烈的情感，含有“竟然, 居然”的意思，表明所发生的事情非常出人意料。如上面例句9-14。再如：
15). It’s a pity that he should miss the lecture. （真遗憾，他竟然错过了这次演讲。）
16). It’s a pity that he should turn down my offer. (真遗憾，他竟然拒绝了我的提议。)
17). It is a shame that she should behave like that. (她竟然表现的那么差劲，真丢人。)
b. 本结构还可形变为It is + of + 上述形容词相对应的名词形式+ that … (should) do…。如：
18). It is of utmost importance that you be here on time.
4.2. It is + 过去分词 + that … (should) do …
常见的此类过去分词有：
1). It is suggested that more trees should be planted to prevent sandatorms.
2). It is required that the students wear school uniforms at school.
3). It is decided that no smoking be allowed in the library.
4). It is demanded that one of the students should stay to look after the things.
5). It is proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting.
6). It is recommended that the work shouldn’t be started until all the preparations
have been made.
5. 表语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构：
(表示提议、建议、命令、要求的)名词 + be + that +主语+
(should)+ 动词原形.
常见的此类名词有：
1). My suggestion is that we should try our best to help the refugees of the earthquakes.
2). The commander’s order was that soliders set out at once.
3). Our idea is that the match be put off.
4). Our decision is that the school remain closed.
5). The doctor’s advice was that you give up smoking.
6). His propoal is that the matter be discussed at the next meeting.
7). Our wish is that he should do what he pleases.
8). My desire is that all the members of the family gather once a year.
6. 同位语从句的虚拟语气
基本结构：
常见的此类
名词有： suggested ordered desired proposed decided recommended requested required demanded advice decision demand idea order plan recommendation proposal request suggestion pity desire wish requirement (表示提议、建议、命令、要求的)名词 + that +主语+ (should)+ 动词原形.
1). The
people
expressed their desire that the war come to an end as soon as possible.
2). What do you think of my suggestion that we send a few workers to help the
othe groups?
3). I agreed to the idea that a doctor be sent for.
4). Mr. Wang’s advice that we should go over our plan once more is reasonable.
5). I am all for the proposal that a special group be set up to look into the matter.
6). It is my desire that all the members of the family gather once a year.
7. 定语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构：
a. It is (high , about) time + that +主语 + 动词
过去式.
b. It is (high , about) time + that +主语 +
should do.
(注意: should 不能省略,that 可以省略。)
本结构表示“目前该做却还没有做的事”，该事早就该做了，时间已经有些
晚了。 1). It is high time that we were off.
2). It is time that someone taught you to behave yourself.
3). It’s about time that we should put an end to this controversy(争论，正义). 4). It is high time that we should prepare for the final.
5). It about time we should consider what to do next.
6). It’s time we set to work. (set 为过去式)
7). It’s time we started /set off/ set out /left.
8). It’s time we found somewhere to eat.
注：句型It’s time to do sth. / It’s time for sb. to do sth. / It’s time for sth. 表示
“该做某事了，是做某事的时候了”， 没有“目前该做却还没有做的事”的含义。
8. 其它类虚拟语气
8.1. as if / though
属于时态型虚拟语气，其动词结构与wish 之后的虚拟语气相同。 过去 had done
现在 did （be 用were ）
将来 were
to/should/could/might/would
do
1). She speaks English very fluently as though she were born in England. (实际advice decision demand idea order plan recommendation proposal request suggestion pity desire
wish requirement
上不是)
2). The man talked too much as though he were drunk.(实际上说话人认为他并未喝醉)
3). He talked as if he had taken part in the Long March.
4). He operated the machine as if he were a skilled worker.
5). I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
6). It would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.
注：以上例句1-6 as if /though 引导的是方式状语从句；但如果主句的动词是系动词be, feel, look, seem, sound, appear等时，as if / though 引导的便是表语从句了。如下列例句7-11。
7). Mary felt as though Mr. Wang were her father.
8). When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.
9). He appeared as if he had known nothing about it. (他看上去对此一无所知。)
10). I feel as if we had known each other for ages.
注意：as if / though之后即可接虚拟语气，又可接陈述语气，试比较：
11). It looks as if/though it might rain. (好像天要下雨。虚拟语气，与将来事实相反，实际上不会。)
12). It looks as if it is going to rain. (陈述语气，实际上确实会下雨。)
8.2. even if / though引导的让步状语从句
属于时态型虚拟语气，说的不一定是事实，往往表示一种虚拟的让步，其时态结构与if 引导的虚拟条件句一样。
过去had done
现在did（be用were）
将来1、did；2、should do；3、were to do
1). Even if I were rich, I would work.
2). I won’t lend you an y money even if I had money.
3). Even though I had been with you then, I could not have helped you.
4). We wouldn’t lose heart even if we should fail one hundred times.
5). Even if he had been there, I should have said the same thing.
6). Even though you had enough money, you could not buy the lost time.
7). It is better to invite him even though he should rufuse.
注意：Even if / though也可引导陈述语气的句子，表达一种真实的让步。试比较：
7). Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go sighting with you.(情况真实，确实照办)
8). Even if I become a millionaire, I shall always be a socialist. （陈述语气）8.3. if only(=How I wish)引导的虚拟语气
属于时态型虚拟语气，表示一种强烈的愿望、遗憾或不满，意为“要是……就好了”，“但愿”。
1). If only I had more money! I could buy some new clothes.
2). If only I had not cheated in the examination!
3). If only we had done as we were told! This would never have happened.
4). If only I were ten years younger!
5). If only you had told me in advance!
6). If only I had not married before I met you!
7). If only you had arrived a little earlier!
注意: if only 与only if 的区别：only if 中only 只起到加强、突出的作用，if 的词义并为改变，意为“只有在……条件下”，表示条件的唯一性。如：
8). Only if you help me can I succeed.
9). I will go home only if you go with me.
10). ---Will you come to Birthday Party tomorrow? --- Only if you promise not to invite Tom.
8.4. lest, for fear that 引导的目的状语从句
基本结构：
隶属should 型虚拟语气，其后动词用should + 动词原形，should 可换为might, would, 也可以省略，意味“以免……, 为了……不……”。
1). She took a taxi to the station lest she should miss the train.
(= She took a taxi to the station so that(或in order that) she should not miss the train.
= She took a taxi to the station in case she should miss the train.)
2). He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.
3). She always studies hard lest she lag behind.
4). Never let children play with fire lest they might set fire to the houses.
5). I quietly entered the room lest I should wake up my baby.
6). His mother punished him lest he should make the same mistake again.
7). He burned all the important documents lest they should fall into the enemy’s
hands.
8). Weigh well your words lest they be swords.
9). We must not promise what we should not, lest we be called on to perform what we cannot.
注：以上例句1-9中lest 都可被for fear that 替换。
8.5. whether… or … 引导的让步状语从句 意为“不管/不论是……还是……”，结构为：
whether +主语 + be + 表语一 + or +
表语二，…
1). Whether he be rich or poor, I will marry him. (可省略whether, 此时要到
装：Be he rich or poor, ...)
lest(for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形
2). Whether it be new or old, it is my bike. (= Be it new or old, it is my bike.)
3). Be he friend or foe, the law regards him as criminal. (=Whether he be friend or foe, …)
4). Whether the figures be accurate or not,m they have to be rechecked.
5). Be they common people or high-ranking officials(高官) they stand equal before the law.
6). Every morning he goes jogging along the lake, whether it be fine or rainy.
7). She can translate all these books into Chinese, be they English, French or Latin.
8). Whether this criticism be wise or foolish, important or insignificant, it is at least natured.
(不管这批评是明智的还是愚蠢的，重要的还是无关紧要的，至少它是善意的。)
8.6. 表示祝愿、礼貌的虚拟语气
8.6.1. Long live Chairman Mao! ( live不加-s)
God bless you! ( bless不加-es)
8.6.2. May sb. do sth! & Wish sb. sth!
1). May you succeed! →Wish you success!
2). May you have a good trip. →Wish you a good trip.
3). May you have a happy birthday. →Wish you a good birthday.
4). May you have a happy life. →Wish you a happy life.
5). May the spirit of Lei Feng live on forever! (愿雷锋精神永存！)
8.6.3. 有时出于礼貌，使语气婉转，也可避免强加于人而使用虚拟语气，用来表示请求对方做某事。
1). I was wondering if you could lend me a hand.
2). I would be grateful if you could lend me some money.
3). I would really appreciate if you took a message for her.
4). I would be most honored if you taught me how to start the machine.
5). It would be nice if you helped me a bit with the housework.
8.7.含有责备语气的虚拟语气：情态动词+have done
need have done →本有必要做却未作needn’t have done →本不必做却做
should/ought to have done →本该做却未做shouldn’t have done →本不该做却做
could have done →本能做却未做couldn't have done →本不能做却做
但应注意：must have done则表示对过去的推测。
1). I could have provided you with the funds. Why didn’t you ask me?
2). The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I needn't have taken the trouble
to carry my umbrella with me. (06年江西)
3). Mr. White should have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show
up. (04年全国一高考)
4). —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You should have told her last
week. (04年福建高考)
5). Had it not been for the traffic jam, I should have covered fifty miles.
6). She ought to have had more consideration for you. (他本应更多地为你着想。)
7). I don’t think you ought to have done that. (我认为你本不该做那种事。)
8). They oughtn’t to have let you out of hospital so soon. (他们本来不应该让你这么快出院。)
9). You needn’t have come over yourself. You could have given me a ring instead.
(你本不必亲自过来，你本可以给我打个电话就行了。)
10). You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already.
11). You shouldn't have criticized him sternly to his face. (你不应该当面这么
严厉地批评他。)
8.8. 关注but
在虚拟语气中，but分句所起的作用相当于if从句的反义句，点出现在或过去的某一事实，故用陈述语气。(but I wish 除外)
1). I would have invited her to the party but I didn’t know her well. (but… = if I had known her well)
2). I would have had a rest but I had so much work to do. (but…= if I hadn’t had so much work to do)
3). She would have come to see you but she was ill that day. (but… = if she hadn’t been ill that day)
4). I should have gone to the pa rty but I was not invited. (but… = if I had been invited)
5). I have no Chinese-English dictionary, but I wish I had one.
6). I have never been to the moon, but I wish I had.
9. 虚拟语气顿悟
9.1. 通览虚拟语气，大致可以将其分为“时态型”和“should + 动原型”两类，表析如下：
虚拟语气时
态
类
1.if 引导的非真实条件句见上述二
2.wish之后的宾语从句见上述三
---1
3.would rather/sooner/as soon/just as
soon之后的宾语从句
见上述三
---2
4.as if/rough 引导的方式状语从句见上述八
---1
5.even if/though 引导的让步状语从句见上述八
---2
6.if only 引导的感叹句见上述八
---3
Should 加
动词原形
类1.“一坚二命三建四要”之后的宾语从
句(should可省略)
见上述三
---3
2.主语从句(should可省略) 见上述四
3.表语从句(should可省略) 见上述五
4.同位语从句(should可省略) 见上述六
5.定语从句(should不可省略, should do
可改为did)
见上述七
6.lest(for fear that)引导的目的状语从
句
见上述八
---4
7.whether it/he (may) be … or …见上述八
---5
9.2. 确定时间，选择动词形式
在时态型虚拟语气中，确定是对过去、现在还是将来的虚拟，是确定动词形式的关键，因为虚拟动词的“式”是由动作所发生的“时”决定的。
动作发生的“时”
虚拟动词的“式”从句主句
过去had done would/should/might/could/oug
ht to have done
现在did（be用were）would/should/might/could/oug
ht to do
将来1、did 2、
should do
3、were to do
would/should/might/could/oug
ht to do
请看如下例题：
例1. A. If he _______, he _______that food. B. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
a. was warned; would not take
b. had been warned; would not have taken
c. would be warned; had not taken
d. would have been warned; had not taken
从B的应答分析，A所说的事情发生在过去，表明的当时没有人警告他，结果他吃了那种事物。实话反说就成了虚拟语气，主句和从句都是对过去的虚拟，从句用had done, 主句用would have done, 所以b是正确答案。
例2. If the sun _______ rise in the west, my love for you would be unchanged.
a. should
b. were
c. were to
d. shall
题干在说“要想让我对你的爱不改变，除非有一天太阳打西边出来”，主
句和从句都是对将来的虚拟，虚拟条件句“太阳打西边出”根本就不可能实现，所以用were to do，选择c。
例3. If he _______ to the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to the problem now.
a. had listened, would have known
b. listened, would know
c. listened, would have known
d. had listened, would know
解读题干可知，“他”现在不知道答案是因为之前没有认真听讲，一个是对现在的虚拟，一个是对过去的虚拟，是混合型虚拟语气。
虚拟语气知识点巩固、助记性精练
( )1. Jean doesn’t want to w ork right away, because she thinks that if she_______a
job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to get
C. had got
D. could have got
( )2. We would not be able to walk if there _______no friction.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. will be
( )3. If we _______more freedom in choosing courses, we would have had more motivation to study.
A. were given
B. could be given
C. had been given
D. had given
( )4. --- If he _______, he _______that food. ---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
( )5. You didn’t let me drive. If we _______ in turn, you …so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
( )6. If the sun _______ rise in the west, my love for you would be unchanged.
A. should
B. were
C. were to
D. shall
( )7. If he _______ hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
A. had not been working
B. has not been working
C. was not working
D. were not working
( )8. _______to me, he would not be in such trouble now.
A. If he listened
B. If he would listen
C. Should he listen
D. Had he listened
( )9. _______it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. Will
( )10. What would have happened _______, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther ( )11. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _______
now.
A. couldn’t have smiled
B. wouldn’t be smiling
C. didn’t smile
D. won’t smile
( )12. If only he _______quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies
B. lay
C. had lain
D. should lie
( )13. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
( )14. If it _______ for your help I really don’t know what I would have done.
A. had not been
B. was not
C. has not been
D. were
( )15. I _______ you with the funds. Why didn’t you ask me?
A. should provide
B. could provide
C. had provided
D. could have provided
( )16. _______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of
B. But for
C. Because of
D. As for
( )17. Without electricity human life _______quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
( )18. With out the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______, too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold
B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold
D. can freeze coldly
( )19. ---Would you have called her up? ---Yes, but I _______ busy doing my homework.
A. was
B. were
C. am
D. would be
( )20. ---Why didn’t Mary go? ---She _______ except she didn’t have time.
A. would have gone
B. will go
C. would go
D. be going
( )21. But that he saw it, he _______ it.
A.can’t believe
B. could not believe
C. could not have believed
D. did not believe
( )22. I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I _______ this mistake.
A. didn’t make
B. would not make
C. hadn’t made
D. wouldn’t have made
( )23. They must have liked the apartment, or they _______ so long.
A. didn’t stay
B. wouldn’t have stayed
C. won’t stay
D. wouldn’t stay
( )24. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _______ a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
( )25. Supposing you _______ write, what would you do?
A. couldn’t
B. can’t
C. may not
D. are unable
( )26. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _______ your advice.
A. followed
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. should follow
( )27. It is of the utmost importance that you _______ here on time.
A. be
B. shall be
C. are to be
D. must be
( )28. It is strange that such a thing _______ in your school.
A. happens
B. happened
C. should happen
D. had happened
( )29. It is decided that no smoking _______ in the classroom.
A.be allowed
B. is allowed
C. will be allowed
D. should have been allowed
( )30. ---Do you have a dictionary? ---No, but I wish I _______.
A. have
B. did
C. do
D. have had
( )31. Bob’s doctor suggests _______ for a few days.
A. that he is resting
B. his resting
C. him to rest
D. that he rest
( )32. Tom insisted what he said _______ true and we insisted that he _______ and have a look.
A. be; should go
B. should be; would go
C. was; go
D. was; would go
( )33. Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she _______ a medical examination.
A. be; should have
B. was; have
C. should be; had
高考英语虚拟语气用法精讲精练.doc
学习好资料欢迎下载 一．语气的定义和种类。 1语气 (mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2语气的种类 a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句 和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ b.祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Don’ t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 c.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测 等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 对比： If I am a bird, I can fly in the sky. 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条 件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we ’ ll go fishing together. 如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If time permitted, we would go fishing together. （隐含的事实是：时间不允许，我们不会一起去 钓鱼）。 三．例句与练习： 1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。 If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他 真相了。（事实上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我。（事实上她 没有时间） 练习： 1, If the color of your dress ____ red, you _____ look more cheerful. 2, If I ____(have to) say something good about your work, I ______ say“ well done”.
(完整版)虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题[1]
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动 作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should 通常用于第一人称,would 可用于任何人称,同时 也可根据意思用情态动词could,might 等代替should,would 。 If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. country. 3.与将来事实相反 If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动 词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home.
If you had followed the doctor's advice,you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: He looks at me as if I were mad. He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. 但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如: It looks as if our side is going to win. 2.目的状语in order that,so that 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句: in case , unless ,supposing ,providing,on condition that从句谓语动词用(should)或" might, could)+动词原形"。 4. 连词引导的步状语从句: lest ,for fear that等 We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people. 如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right.
虚拟语气练习题及答案
虚拟语气练习题 用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already _____(have) a typewriter, I _____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he _____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you.
精选虚拟语气练习题含答案
虚拟语气练习题 一．用所给动词的适当形式填空： Part A. 1.If people ______(drive) more slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents. 2.If you had worked carefully, you _____(not make) so many mistakes. 3.The boat wouldn’t have drifted away, if we _____ (tie) it up. 4.If I had known you already ____(have) a typewriter, I ____(not, buy) one for your birthday. 5.If he _____(be) here this afternoon I would go with him. 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _____(postpone). 7.But for your help, we ______(not be) able to finish the work in time. 8.If it _____(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so much. 9.I wish I _____(study) hard while I was young. 10.It is about time that fence ______(mend). 11.My request is that we ______(hold) another session to discuss the problem. 12.It is strange that the car _____(break) down at exactly the same place where it _____(break) down yesterday. 13.The baby smiled as if he _____(understand) what his mother _____(say). 14.He talked as if he ____(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _____(do) most of it. 15.If only we _____(have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 16.----- “Can we come in late tomorrow?” ----- “I’d rather you _____(come) in on time.” 17.He looks as if he _____(be) ill for a long time. 18.He always talks as though he ______(address) a public meeting. 19.If a metal ______(heat), it will expand. 20.I _____(stay) home if it rains this evening. Part B. 1.She would call you immediately if she _____(need) help. 2.If I had seen the movie, I _____(tell) you all about it now. 3.If he _____(decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight. 4._______ I _____(take) my umbrella with me when I _____(come) out this morning, I _____(not be) so wet now. 5.If you had listened to me, you _____ (not be) in such trouble now. 6.I wish they _____ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work. 7.It is inconceivable that he _____ (not see) me that day for I ______(wave) to her. 8.What a pity that he gave orders that all those lovely trees _____(cut) down. 9.Mr. Jones would rather _____(stay) home last night. 10.Henry would rather that his brother _____(work) in the same department as he does. 11.Electric current flows through a conductor as though it _____(be) a fluid. 12.We _____(invite) her to the party but we didn’t know that she ______(already, come) back from abroad. 13.Today’s industrial production ______(be) impossible without the contribution made by the science of physics. 14.I hate driving. I’d much rather you _____(drive). 15.The guests ______(arrive) last night, but there is still no news about them. 16.Mother_____(feel) anxious if I came home late. 17.Even if I ______(be) with you then, I ______(can, not, do) much for you. 18.A less conscientious man ______(not, try) so hard to get this job done. 19.Do you wish that you ______(have) a sister like her? 20.Isn’t it surprising that he ______(have) two car accidents during the past week? 二．辨认并改正错误： 1.I should be most happy to go down with you but I was very busy right then. 2.If her great grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old. 3.If George Washington were president today, I would have wondered what he would do about the United States’ foreign affairs in the Middle East. 4.It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the examination. 5.He gave orders that the horses were made ready at once as he was pressed for time. 6.The scientist thinks it necessary that all the inventions of mankind must be used for good, not for evil. 7.We felt like we had lost a friend when the foreman along with his four assistants was unfairly discharged.
语法知识—虚拟语气的专项训练
一、选择题 1．If I you, I would rather at home and watch TV than to the party. A．was；stay, go B．am；stay, go C．were；to stay, go D．were；stay, go 2．If I ___ you, I ___ be afraid . A．was, wouldn’t B．were, won’t C．were, wouldn’t 3．If I ______ you, I _____the job. A．was; will take B．was; would take C．were; would take D．were; will take 4．– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do? – If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once. A．am B．were C．was 5．If I _____ you ,I _____ them the story. A. was , tell B．were , will tell C．were ,wou ld tell D．am. would tell 6．---What if I have to go there and know nothing about it? --- If I______ you, I would try to find some information about it on the Internet. A．am B．was C．will be D．were 7．----What can I do with so much money? ----If I _______ you, I _______ give it away to charity. A．am, will B．am, would C．were, would D．was, would 8．If I ____ you, I ____ buy a bike for him. A．was, would B．was, could C．were, would D．were, could 9．If his brother a millionaire（百万富翁）, he'd buy her sister the expensive car. A．was B．were C．is D．be 10．If I ________ invited tonight, I would go to the dinner party. A．was B．were C．am D．is 11．If I______you, I_______go there at once. A．am, would B．were, would C．were, will D．am, will 12．—I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine aren’t allowed to drive. —If I you, I would give up wine. A．were; drinking B．am; drinking C．were; drink D．was;to drink 13．– What would you do if you ______ a car accident? – I will call the police. A．met B．meet C．were meeting 14．—He suggests that his friend _________ to Beijing right now. —I think it’s a good ________.
(完整word版)虚拟语气及答案
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反 I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型: 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过 去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时 即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you. 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓 语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词 提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that 5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. But for your help, I would not have succeeded. II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况: 1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request. His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence. The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day. 2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc. It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
虚拟语气专项练习经典
虚拟语气专项练习经典 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I not so busy ,I with you . A．was , would go B．were , would go C．was , should go D．were , will go 【答案】B 【解析】句意“如果我不忙，我就跟你去”。本题考查对将来的虚拟语气。即“if+过去时，主语+should/would/could/might do”结构。故选B。 点睛： 3．If I ___ you, I ___ be afraid . A．was, wouldn’t B．were, won’t C．were, wouldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是如果我是你，我就不害怕。考查的是虚拟语气的基本用法。条件用过去时，主句要用过去将来时，故选C。 考点：虚拟语气 点评：虚拟语气其实就是if引导条件状语从句时，词义为“如果”，不过这个条件是无法实
虚拟语气难题及答案经典
虚拟语气难题及答案经典 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。 考查谓语动词。A. go 去；B. goes 去；C. going 在去；D. to go 为了去。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should）do结构，should可省略。故选A。 3． If I you,I buy a bike for him. A．was,would B．was,could C．were,would D．were,could 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会给他买一辆自行车。buy sth for sb给某人买某物；本句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were，因此选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning.
【最高考】2016届高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法
复习专题虚拟语气专项练习题及答案
复习专题虚拟语气专项练习题及答案 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I you, I give it to Microsoft research. A．am, will B．am, would C．were, would D．was, would 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会把它交给微软研究部。 考查虚拟语气。根据If I you，这是一个虚拟语气，此句虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设，即与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式；该语法主要用于if条件状语从句，本句“如果我是你”，be动词用were，后面主句用过去将来时would＋动词原形，故答案选C。 3．I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．will spread 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我建议我们中国人无论走到哪里都要带着爱心和欢乐来传播中国文化， 考查动词suggest后跟虚拟语气。spread是动词原形；spreading是动名词；to spread是动词不定式；will spread是一般将来时。动词在这里suggest表示建议，后面宾语从句中使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。根据句意说明本句的suggest表示建议，故后面使用虚拟语气，省略了should，故选A。 【点睛】 动词suggest 后面可以跟名词作宾语，用于句型“suggest sth.”。如：I suggested a visit. 我提议参观。 suggest 后跟动名词作宾语，如：He suggested going home. 他提议回家。 suggest后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，用虚拟语气，一般省略情态动词should，所以本题选项是A。
中考英语虚拟语气专项训练及答案及解析
中考英语虚拟语气专项训练及答案及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I you,I buy a bike for him. A．was,would B．was,could C．were,would D．were,could 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会给他买一辆自行车。buy sth for sb给某人买某物；本句用的是虚拟语气，表示与现在的事实相反，在虚拟语气中不能用was,而用were，因此选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。 2．Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. A．should have arrived B．should arrive C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：怀特先生本来应该在8：30到会，但他却没有出现。should have done：本来应该做某事而实际上没做。故选A 考点：情态动词 3．The workers insisted that they a free lunch every noon and the boss had to do that. A．be given B．being given C．will be to give D．were given 【答案】A 【解析】句意：工人们坚持要求他们每天中午都有免费的午餐，老板必须这样做。考查虚拟语气。insist坚持，要求，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，跟虚拟式动词原形或者“should + 动词原形” 。结合句意和语境可知选A。 4．If I ________ ten years younger, I _________ piano lessons and go to a music college. A．am; will take B．was; took C．were; will take D．were; would take 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：if虚拟语气中，对现在的情况进行虚拟，从句谓语动词均用一般过去时（be动词用were）,主句用would/should/could/might+do.句意：如果我再年轻十岁，我会参加钢琴课程并去上音乐大学。故选D. 考点：if条件状语从句的虚拟语气 点评：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，中考中有所涉及，但不常见。用来表示说话人所
虚拟语气精讲
虚拟语气 一、语气的种类。 1．陈述语气。 表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 Eg：Iraq is an Asian country. （肯定句） 伊拉克是亚洲国家。 The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20, 2003. （否定句） 美英联军于2003年3月20日发动了第二次海湾战争。 Who was it that they want to help? （疑问句） 他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀？ How interesting my stay in China has been! （感叹句） 我在中国的日子过的真是有趣！ 2．祈使语气。 表示说话人对对方的请求、警告或命令。 Eg: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? 请帮个忙好吗？ Watch your steps! 当心！（走路）
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 3．虚拟语气。 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符合的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形势表示出来的。 Eg: If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！ If only we had been college students last year! 去年我们要是大学生就好了！ 二、虚拟语气的用法。 1.虚拟语气用在简单句中。 表示祝愿、命令。 Eg: May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 May the friendship between us last long.