《21世纪大学英语读写教程》第二册课后答案及翻译

第一单元

Structure

VII.

1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country.

2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment.

3. Tired of their own cooking, they’ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.

4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night.

5. Deeply disappointed with the actress’s performance, tom soon switched to another channel.

6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache. VIII.

1. So I did

2. So did my brother

3. So she was

4. So they do; so do his classmates

5. So am I

Cloze

IX

lonely; overcame; refuge; finally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming

第二单元

Structure

VII.

1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses.

2. ill you reconsider your decision? No one wants you to leave.

3. Some of Lu Xun’s writings were lost for decades, but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s.

4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework.

5. The library’s been rearranged, and I can’t find any of the books I need.

6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soon—I’d like to buy one.

7. Stevie Wonder’s earliest albums have been unavailable for several years, but they’re being re-released next month.

8. I didn’t care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it.

9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare’s plays.

10. You’ve misunderstood me—let me rephrase what I said.

VIII.

A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor

supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager

B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener

6. calculator

7. commander

8. container

9. hiking 10. teenagers

Structure

IX

1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group.

2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.

3. It is his secretary who does all the work.

4. It is through the act of giving that we experience our fullest strength and power.

5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California.

6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place.

7. It wasn’t until last week that they finished their report on the project.

8. It’s her beautiful eyes that I can’t forget.

X.

1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg.

2.The word ‘youngster’ has a cheerful connotation, whereas ‘offspring’ sounds rather clinical.

3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual responsibility.

4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.

5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human behavior.

6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.

Cloze

XIII

1. immigrant

2. than

3. obligation

4. motivated

5. widespread

6. however

7. although

8. discrimination

9. but/although 10. One day

11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe

第三单元

Cloze

VIII.

1. among

2. conflicts

3. made

4. understanding

5. since

6. conscious of

7. so

8. run into

9. with 10. crazy 11. that is

12. since 13. That’s is 14. escalating 15. parties

第四单元

元

Structure

VII.

1. a) their laughter and conversation sound as if they’re enjoying each others’ company.

b) Their laughter and conversation sound as if they were in the same room with us.

2. a) the secretary has been working in her office late every night this week, as if her boss is under serious deadline.

b) The secretary has been staying in her office late every night this week, as if she had no home to go to.

3. a) you’re so pale! You look as if you’re getting sick.

b) You’re so pale! You look as if you had seen a ghost.

4. a) he acts as if he has a very high opinion of himself.

b) He acts as if he were the heir to the throne.

Cloze

VIII.

1 prone

2 in the long run

3 preclude

4 obsessed

5 though

6 distinguishing

7 positive 8 beneficial 9 Even if 10 therapy

第五单元

Structure

IX.

1. If only you could say longer in Britain- your English might improve.

2. children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults.

3. if only you told me you had a spare ticket for the show.

4. you can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you won’t try if yourself.

5. the students at this university are allowed to take up part-time employment only if it doesn’t interfere with their studies.

6. If only she hadn’t told my mother, everything would have been all right.

X.

1. having traveled a lot, he knows a great deal about other culture.

2. having finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV.

3. having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay in a hotel.

4. having forgotten his telephone number, she didn’t know how to get in touch with him.

5. having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor.

6. having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better.

XI.

1. Seeing so many people around her living in poverty

2. Bringing up the subject at the meeting

3. Looking back on the past

4. Staying up late studying before an examination

5. Working full-time and being a full-time student

6. Living at home rent-free

Cloze

XIV.

1. knowing

2. out

3. inquired

4. stunned

5. priority

6. stunning

7. available 8. As 9. up 10. make 11. on 12. get 13. ultimately 14. first 15. assume

第六单元

Structure

VIII.

1. Originally located in London, the museum was moved to Hertfordshire in 1946.

2. Asked what his plan was for the coming year, the manager promised to further develop the domestic market.

3. Composed in 1878, this symphony is based on a classical Chinese love story.

4. Designed for visitors to touch or play with, many modern museum exhibits are at once entertaining and educational.

5. Aided by technology, science helps mankind to gain increasing control over the environment.

IX.

1. A star scientist in more ways than one, Steven Hawking has achieved far more than most people ever dream of.

2. An Italian mathematician and astronomer, Galileo was the first scientist to start using his eyes, both literally and figuratively.

3. A figure of classroom fun, hawking spoke with a slight lisp inherited from father.

4. A group of some forty students, the Poetry Society holds regular meetings where the members recite their poems.

5. A fascinating combination of ancient and modern China, Beijing attracts huge numbers of tourists from around the world every year.

Cloze

XII.

1. Accompanying

2. Behind

3. device

4. pose

5. awkward

6. remaining

7. out

8. into

9. by 10. ___ 11. govern 12. in 13. ___ 14. as if 15. ultimate 16. At last

翻译

Unit1

l 老伴60多岁中风去世时，那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。无人依靠的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.

l 两位业余画家上个月在伦敦举办了一次个人画展。许多人前去参观，其中包括一些著名的专业画家。Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few celebrated professionals.

l 当20世纪80年代中期，7名宇航员在?挑战者?号的灾难中遇到困难时，全世界一下子陷入了震惊与悲痛之中。

When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.

l 在结束了其第二届首相任期之后，她仍积极参与政治事务。当政府遇到困难时，她屡次前来帮忙。After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty.

l 大选失败之后，史密斯博士隐退到一个小村庄，在那里尝试工作。

After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming.

l 只要你一辈子不停地努力工作，你在回忆里往事时就会感到心满意足的。

As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.

l 我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环境保护的重要性。否则很快就为时太晚了。

We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection, or it will be too late.

l 那位官员因卷入一件政治丑闻而被撤职。如果早知会落到这般地步，他当初也许就会以不同的方式行事了。

That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently.

Unit2

l 我们班女生占大多数。相比之下，他们的班级全由男子组成。

Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their class is made up of males only.

l 美国孩子通常每天看三小时电视，而中国孩子必须将放学后的大部分时间用于做家庭作业。American children can usually watch TV (for) three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework most of the time after school.

l 他开发的一系列新研究方法使他获得了巨大的成功。他说这一切都得归功于他父母的鼓励。

His development of a series of new research methods led to his great success. He said he owed all this to his parents’encouragement.

l 讨论直接涉及他的未来，而他却被排斥在外，对此他表示愤慨。

He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future.

l 这些问题连续不断地出现，这表明这台新仪器必须重新调试。

The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.

l 张华是近年来涌入美国一流大学的亚裔学生之一，他说他的许多思想都基于传统的中国哲学。

As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best American universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on the traditional Chinese philosophy.

l 首先，杨先生如此努力工作并非只是为了钱。他一心为了教育青年人并设法激励他们在各方面都取得进步。

To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tries to motivate them to get ahead in life.

l 我们剩下的时间不多了，于是我们把车开得更快，希望能及时赶到机场。

As time was running out, we drove even faster in hopes that we could make it to the airport in time.

Unit3

l 当那份临时性的工作结束时，人家给乔治提供了一份永久性的工作，他马上就接受了。

When this temporary job came to an end, George was offered a permanent job, which he accepted at once.

l 为了确保他们在日本的合资企业盈利，那些美国公司比之语言翻译来说更需要文化翻译。

To ensure that joint ventures in Japan are profitable, the American companies need cultural translators even more than language translators.

l 作为一名文化翻译，乔治渴望帮助那些就许许多多事情来向他求救的日方雇员，包括属于他专业知识范围内和之外的问题。

As a cultural translator, George was eager to help the Japanese employees who came to ask his advice on a great many matters, both within and outside of his field of expertise.

l 乔治用某种方法说服美方经理接受了日方会计师的决定，从而缓解了两人之间的冲突。

Somehow or other, George persuaded the American manager to go along with the Japanese accountant’s decision, thus smoothing over the conflict between the two.

l 美方经理与日方经理之间的确有时会发生冲突和争论。但由于双方都很有见识进行妥协，才防止了这些冲突和争论激化为感情大战。

Conflicts and arguments do arise at times between the American managers and their Japanese counterparts. But since both parties have the good sense to compromise, these conflicts are prevented from escalating into big emotional battles.

l 所有的日方雇员，包括人事经理在内，都很感激乔治在他们遇到的众多问题上所给予的经常帮助。

All the Japanese employees, the personnel manager included, appreciated George’s frequent help with the multitude of problems they ran into.

l 我的日语口语还不足以很好地表达我的思想，所以如果我有时说了些愚蠢的话，请不要生气。

My spoken Japanese is not good enough to express myself well. Please don’t get offended if I sometimes say stupid things. l 张大夫对中医有精深的了解，英语也掌握的不错，所以他完全有资格培训前来中国学习中医的外国医生。With a solid understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and a good mastery of English, Dr. Zhang is highly qualified to train foreign doctors who have come to China to study Chinese medicine.

Unit4

l 庇护孩子不让他们知道自己已经失败对于他们的成长和发展是绝对无益的。

Protecting children from the knowledge that they have failed is anything but beneficial to their growth and development.

l 爱默生认为在失败和成功之间并无天壤之别。

Emerson does not think there is a world of difference between success and failure.

l 一个成熟的人是一个善于把失败变为成功的人。

A mature man is one who is good at turning failure into success.

l 她醉心于在溜冰方面取得的成功，从未对现实世界的挑战做好准备。

She was so obsessed with becoming a success in ice-skating that she never prepared herself for the challenges of the real world.

l 当他得知自己的公司已经破产时，完全崩溃了。

He suffered a complete nervous breakdown when he learned that his company bad gone bankrupt.

l 史密斯先生在谈到他的成功时，往往夸大其辞。

When talking about his success, Mr. Smith is very prone to exaggeration.

l 这家公司开始只卖收音机，但现在已扩大营业范围，销售电脑了。

The company started by selling radios but now has branched out into selling computers as well.

l 事实上，失败并不是可怕的东西。一旦我们学会应用它，它就能对我们的成长和发展做出积极的贡献。In fact, failure is nothing to be afraid. Once we learn how to use it, it can make a positive contribution to our growth and development.

Unit5

l 这所大学只提供给普里西拉一小笔贷款，余下的钱得靠她自己去筹划。

The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself.

l 凭着她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，玛丽几乎无法维持生活。因此，她已在所住的公寓大楼里找了一些清扫大楼的工作做。

With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make (both) ends meet. That’s why she had found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived.

l 在头两个学期她经常熬夜学习，因为她知道必须在班上取得最高的平均积点才有资格获得那份奖学金。In the first two semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify for the scholarship.

l 任何人想在那家公司找到工作，即使没有博士学位，至少也得有个硕士学位，不然就不会被录用。Anyone who wants to find employment in/with that company must have at least a mater’s degree, if not a Ph. S. Otherwise he or she will not be accepted.

l 只要你全心全意地投身于学习，你终将会达到你成为一名考古学家的长远目标。

Only if you threw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist.

l 在办公室里贝思看上去一直很开心，脸上随时带着微笑。但在内心深处她已厌倦了做秘书。她想做点有创意的事情。

In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile. But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary. She wanted to do something more creative.

l 我父亲是来自墨西哥的农业季节工人。当我被华盛顿大学录取，成为我家上大学的第一人时，他高兴极了。

A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college.

l 普里西拉回忆起初艰苦奋斗年月时说，在工作和学习之间取得平衡是不容易的。

When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study.

Unit 6

l 专攻理论宇宙学的英国科学家斯蒂芬〃霍金被公认为二十世纪末叶最伟大的天才。

Stephen Hawking, a British scientist specializing in theoretical cosmology, has been proclaimed the greatest genius of the late 20th century.

l 每推出一张新唱片，这位歌手总梦想着它能跻身电台的排行榜前十名之列。

Every time he releases a new record, the singer dreams of its earning a place in the ?top-ten?list on the radio.

l 位于伦敦西北的牛津大学以其学术成就而闻名遐迩。

Located in the northwest of London, Oxford University is noted far and wide for its academic excellence.

l 作为一位智力超群的伟人，爱因斯坦使现代人对于时空有了全新的概念。

An intellectual giant, Einstein was responsible for modern man’s new concept of time and space.

l 这项医学研究的目的在于找到医治遗传性血液疾病的新疗法，因为现在使用的药物不能治愈这些复杂的疾病。

This medical research is aimed at finding new treatment for inherited blood diseases, because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.

l 今年是我校建校一百周年纪念。我校最初是一家私塾，现已成为一所以理论研究见长的世界名牌大学。This year is the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of our university. A private school initially, it has now become a world-famous university specializing in theoretical research.

l 两年前，鲍勃对他餐馆经理的工作感到厌倦了；幸好他获得了一份州立大学的奖学金。

Two years ago, Bob was feeling bored with his job as a restaurant manager. Luckily, he won a scholarship to the state university.

l 当被问及斯蒂芬在大学时是什么样的学生时，当时任物理系系主任的怀特教授回忆道：?他给我的印象是个非常聪明的学生，具有一种对物理本能的洞察力。?

Asked what kind of student Stephen was at college, Prof. White, the then Chairman of the Physics Department, recalls, ?He impressed me as a very?bright student with an instinctive insight into physics.?

Unit7

l 他在尝试制订促进思考艺术的新计划时脑子里闪过了一个绝妙的主意。

A brilliant idea flashed into his mind while he was trying to formulate a new plan to promote the art of thinking.

l 不管你怎么看他，都没有理由怀疑他是蓄意造成这一骇人故事的。

Regardless of what you may think of him, there is no reason to suspect him of bringing about this horrible accident deliberately.

l 他转过身来正好看见玛丽在聚会中途悄悄离去，因而感到非常不安。

He turned round just in time to catch Mary sneaking off in the middle of the party, which greatly disturbed him.

l 他那些尖刻的话使我想起了他对足球教练的强烈不满。其实它们纯粹是来自偏见，并使他自己为大部分队友所疏远。

His sharp words reminded me of the strong resentment he feels toward his soccer coach. Actually they come from pure prejudice and most of his teammates shun him for it.

l 现在整个书房归乔治独用了，他准备把沙发搬出去以腾出地方来放他的新书桌。

Now that George has the whole study to himself, he is going to move the sofa out to make room for his new desk.

l 他对工作忽视太久了，别说一个星期，就是一个月也不可能赶完它。

He has neglected his work for too long and it is impossible for him to catch up on it in a month, let alone in a week.

l 解决他的问题的最好办法是向精神病专家作些咨询。但如果他拒绝这种咨询怎么办？

The best solution to his problem lies in seeing a psychiatrist for counseling. But what if he refuses such counseling?

l 虽然他声称是现实主义者，但他好像对他的公司资金正在耗尽且可能很快就会陷入困境这一事实视而不见。

While he claims to be a realist, he seems blind to the fact that his company is running out of funds and will be in serious trouble soon.

Unit 8

l 不成文的规定比成文的规定更有力地规范着我们的生活和行为。

The unwritten rules govern our lives and behavior more strongly than the written ones.

l 在图书馆和教师里当你和某人在交谈时你并不提高嗓门。事实上，我就从没见任何人在那些地方大声尖叫过。

When you are talking with someone in libraries and classrooms, you don not raise your voice. As a matter of fact, I have never seen anyone screaming at the top of their lungs in those places.

l 当他喊过：?该死，西尔维亚?后发现拥挤在餐馆里的所有人都在惊讶地看着他时，弹压的脸涨得通红。He blushed when he found that everyone in the crowded restaurant was looking at him in surprise after he yelled, ?Damn it, Sylvia.?

l 尽管比赛很激动人心，但坐在看台上的八万名观众却没有一人离开座位。正如鲍勃〃格林所说，那道无形的屏障一直是有效的。

Regardless of the emotion of the contest, none of the 80,000 spectators sitting in the stands left their seats. Just as Bob Green says, the invisible barrier always holds.

l 每天早晨六点半，运动场上已挤满了跑步和做早操的学生。这本身是一个充满希望的征兆，说明越来越多的学生已认识到身体好的重要性。

By six thirty every morning, the playing field is already full of students jogging and doing morning exercises –which in itself is a hopeful sign that more and more students have realized the importance of keeping fit.

l 由于某种原因莉莉没有为法语测试做好准备。但作为一个诚实的姑娘，她决不会在考试中作弊，正如她

不会说谎一样。

For some reason, Lily was not well prepared for the French test. But being an honest girl, she would no sooner cheat on an exam than tell lies.

l 我认识一个定期给墨西哥的父母寄钱的农业季节工人。他把这看作是理所当然的事。他常说：?你应该赡养自己的父母，是不是？?

I know a migrant farm laborer who sends money to his parents in Mexico on a regular basis. He regards it as the right thing to do. He often says, ?You’re supposed to support your parents, aren’t you??

l 我们生活在一个由法律、不成文的规定、习俗和传统主宰的社会里，没有它们就会一片混乱。

We are living in a society which is governed by laws, unwritten rules, customs and traditions; there would be chaos without them.

UNIT1 TEXT A

我的父亲温斯顿·丘吉尔是在40几岁开始迷恋上绘画的，当时他正身处逆境。1915年，作为海军大臣，他深深地卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩短一场血腥的世界大战的，但它却失败了，人员伤亡惨重，为此丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价：他被免去了海军部的职务，失去了显赫的政治地位。

“我本以为他会因忧伤而死的。”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处---耘锄农场。在那儿，正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的，“绘画女神拯救了我!”

一天他正在花园里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观看了她几分钟，然后借过她的画笔，试了一下身手----于是缪斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，温斯顿便爱上了绘画。

任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰因高兴。于是，她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。水彩颜料、油画颜料、纸张、帆布画布---很快耘锄农场里便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。

画油画最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好---但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。他凝视着他的第一块空白画布，异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回忆道：“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的著名画家约翰·莱佛利爵士的妻子。

“‘在画画呢!’她大声说道。‘多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢? 把画笔给我---大的那支。’她猛地用笔蘸起颜料，还没等我缓过神来，她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕过画布。”

“如果他当初选择的是绘画而不是后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺术才能：

政治，他定会成为一位驾驭画笔的大师。”

在绘画中，丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。1921年，他的母亲去世，两个月后，他又失去了他和克莱门泰因的3岁爱女玛丽戈尔德。那时，绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友们的家中---并在他的绘画中寻得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因：“我外出画了一条在午后阳光下的美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜的思绪油然而生……啊，我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德的痛楚。”

生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922年9月，克莱门泰因和温斯顿的另一个孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，温斯顿买下了查特威尔，这是他将在以后40年里画出其所有不同风貌的他所钟爱的家。

20世纪20年代中期，我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中赢得了一等奖，当时他一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名，所以一些评委坚持认为温斯顿的画---有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅---是一位专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品，所以应该取消其参赛资格。但最后，他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实，而在得知那幅画为丘吉尔所作时他们都很高兴。

史学家们一直把1929年温斯顿再次被免职后的10年称为他无所作为的十年。也许政治上那些年（他）的确毫无作为，因为他一个人大声疾呼，想要唤醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁，然而响应者寥寥无几。但在艺术上，那些年却硕果累累：现存的500多幅丘吉尔的油画中，约有一半作于1930年至1939年之间。

绘画始终是丘吉尔的一种乐趣，直到他生命的结束。“画家是幸福的，”他在他的《作为一种消遣的绘画》一书中写道，“因为他们不会孤独。光线与色彩，宁静与希望，将终日伴随着他们。”对我的父亲来说也是这样。

UNIT2 TEXT A

富克斯·巴特菲尔德

当郑金枝的父亲用积蓄的钱为她买了一张票，让她乘上一条将带她离开越南的渔船时，她才9岁。对这个家庭来说将金枝送上小船，置身于陌生人中间，是一种令人心碎、代价昂贵的牺牲。他们只愿她最终能到达美国，在那儿受到良好的教育，享受更美好的生活。

对小女孩来说，这是一次充满危险的艰苦旅程。在小船到达安全之地以前很久，食物和水的贮备已经用完。当金枝最终到达美国后，她又不得不同一连3个收养家庭相处。但是当她1998年从圣地亚哥的帕特里克·亨利中学毕业时，她取得了全优的成绩以及这个国家最享盛名的几所大学提供的奖学金。

“我必须取得好成绩，”这个现为康奈尔大学二年级学生的19岁姑娘说，“这样我才对得起在越南的父母。”

金枝是一群聪明伶俐、积极进取的美籍亚裔中的一员，他们正突然潮水般地涌入我们最好的大学。虽然美籍亚裔只占全国人口的2.4%，但他们在哈佛的本科生中却占了17.1%，在麻省理工学院占了18%，在加州大学伯克利分校占了27.3%。

为什么美籍亚裔的成绩这样优秀呢? 他们是否像一些陈旧的看法所暗示的那样是些埋头用功的学生? 他们是否有更高的智商? 或者在我们一向珍视，但也许已经丢失的价值观----如敬业、家庭和教育等方面，我们是否可以向他们学到一些有用的东西呢?

并非所有的亚裔人都学得一样好；比如，没受过什么教育的柬埔寨难民的孩子就常常需要特殊的帮助。许多美籍亚裔人不喜欢被称为“模范的少数民族”，他们感到这是美国白人的逆向歧视----虽与1965年以前排斥大多数亚洲移民进入美国的法律截然不同，但仍是一种偏见。

亚裔年轻人的成绩已经引发了一系列引人注目的研究。也许最令人不安的结果来自于密歇根大学心理学家哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森进行的研究。他将芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯7000多名幼儿园、一年级、三年级和五年级的学生同他们在北京、台北和仙台的同级伙伴作了比较。在一组数学测试中，美国学生在所有的年级层次上都考得最差。

斯蒂文森没有发现智商上的差别。但是如果成绩上的差异在幼儿园就开始显现，那就表明事情出在家庭中，甚至是在孩子们上学之前。

正是在这一点上，各研究者的不同研究趋于了一致：亚洲的父母在激发孩子的学习动力方面做得更好。“决定的因素是亚洲孩子学习努力。”斯蒂文森说。

接下来，真正要弄清的问题是，亚洲父母是如何将这种学习动力灌输给他们的后代的。斯蒂文森的研究提出了一个重要的答案。当被问及他们认为他们的孩子为什么学得好时，大多数亚洲父母说是“用功”。而美国父母则说是“天赋”。

“依我看，”斯蒂文森说，“对于我们都能通过艰苦努力在生活中取得成功的观念我们已经不再相信。相反，美国人现在认为有的孩子具备成功所必需的素质，而有的孩子则不具备。于是我们开始把班级分为‘快班’和‘慢班’，而中国人和日本人则认为所有的孩子都能在同一课程中成功。”

这种对于勤奋的信念是促成亚洲学生成绩突出的三大要素中的第一个。它来源于亚洲人共同的儒教传统，即公元前5世纪那位中国圣人的哲学思想，他的教义对中国社会产生了深远的影响。孔夫子的主要教义之一是，人们通过努力能够完善自我。

儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。在孔夫子的哲学中，家庭起着最重要的作用----这种定向引导人们为家庭的荣誉而学习工作，而不仅仅是为了他们自己。一个人永远无法报答他的父母，而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任感、乃至负罪感，这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大力量。

还有另外一个重要因素存在于亚洲父母及其子女的这种关系中。在我住在中国、日本和越南的15年间，我注意到同大多数美国父母相比，亚洲父母同他们的婴儿建立了一种更为亲密的身体联系。比如，当我让幼小的女儿在地板上爬时，我的中国朋友们会大惊失色，冲过去把她抱起来。我们认为这种无时不在的关心已经过时、甚至是不健康的，但是对于亚洲人来说，它却十分有效。

我们能从亚洲人那儿学到点什么吗？“我还没有天真到认为亚洲的每样东西都能被移植过来。”斯蒂文森说。但是，他却提出了3条建议。

“首先，”他说，“我们需要为我们的孩子们确立更高的目标。我们不会指望他们不经过刻苦训练就能成为职业运动员。”

第二，他宣称，美国父母需要更加关心子女的教育。“在孩子表现不好时表示理解是不够的。”斯蒂文森发现，亚洲父母比美国父母花费更多的时间帮助孩子做作业或者写信给孩子的老师。

第三，我们的学校可以用简单而有效的方式加以重组，斯蒂文森说。近90%的中国年轻人说他们确实喜欢学校， 60%的年轻人迫不及待地盼着学校假期结束。同美国年轻人所表示的态度相比，这种态度要积极得多。原因之一也许是中国和日本的学生一般在每节课后都有一段休息时间，这有助于他们放松并增加注意力集中的持续时间。

“我并不认为亚洲人更聪明。”伯克利的一位美籍亚裔学生李·唐说，“在我的化学班里，有一些很聪明的美国人。但是亚洲学生更刻苦。我在美国人身上看到很多被浪费的潜能。”

UNIT3 TEXT A

西方和日本公司的合资企业经常会发生冲突----许多无关紧要的琐事会扩大为情绪激动的交战，各方不停地叫嚷：“他们是怎么了!?他们能不能理解……?!”但是因为冲突主要是由文化差异引起的，所以没有一方能够理解----除非他们有一名“文化翻译”。

我遇到的第一位文化翻译是一位设备安装工程师，名叫乔治，他在一家我担任国际业务部主任的美国公司里工作。这家公司刚同一家日本商社开办了一家合资企业，美方管理部门需要有人在它的独特技术方面培训日本雇员。乔治对设备及其安装和使用的透彻了解使他成为最能胜任这项工作的雇员，所以当乔治接受了暂时调往日本的一份两年期合同时，大家都很高兴。

从一开始，乔治就被所有的日本雇员欣然接受。日方经理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方业主的人，但乔治生性随和，没有人把他看作是对自己职业的一种威胁。所以他们喜欢就广泛的各类问题征求他的意见，包括大洋彼岸他们的合作伙伴的古怪行为。公司上下的工程师们都珍视乔治的专业知识和他友好而技能熟练的帮助，他们

已养成了一有问题----任何问题，就找他帮忙的习惯。办公室里的秘书们都热衷于帮助这个讨人喜欢的单身汉学习日语。

谁也没有料到那么快公司就成了一家赢利、兴旺、日益壮大的企业。乔治的第一份两年期合同到期了。这时，他已经能讲很好的日语，并养成了一些日本人的习惯。他整天喝绿茶，顿顿吃米饭，甚至学会了正确地坐榻榻米。所以，当公司向乔治提出在日本的第二份两年期合同的建议时，他立即就接受了。之后又有第三份合同，乔治与日本文化的情缘在继续着。

但是当乔治在这个国家的第6个年头即将结束时，一个未曾料到的困难变得显而易见了：日本工程师对迅速更新的技术的了解已经超过了乔治。他没有什么剩下的东西可以教他们了。

难道这就是可怜的乔治的结局吗? 他对于这家他曾经如此忠诚地服务过的、现已成熟的合资企业，就再也没有什么可以贡献的了吗? 他只得离开他已开始爱上的这个国家吗? 不! 面对着要离开日本的威胁，乔治心有不甘，于是将自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻译”。

一天，这家合资企业的日方总裁----又一次----被来自美方管理层的一份电文激怒了，乔治就是在那一天产生了做一名“文化翻译”这一想法的。像通常碰到类似的情况时一样，日方总裁冲进乔治的办公室，怒气冲冲地将那份电文扔到了他面前。乔治也同往常一样，读了电文，然后心平气和地解释了美国人这样说的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下听上去的那种意思。

对大家来说都很幸运的是，合资企业的日方和美方都已经听说过足够多的有关文化冲突的骇人故事，他们能够认识到乔治的技能的价值，所以当他为自己提出这个新的职位时，这个想法很快便被采纳了。在这几年中，这一决定的英明一次又一次地得到了证明。

有时我们需要比熟练的英语远为重要的东西。当日方会计师不得不解释花在874份十二月假日礼物上的

46,534美元时，就是这么一种情况。或者当日方人事经理不得不说明即使公司不再需要一个化学师的专业知识仍要继续聘用他的理由时也是如此。在诸如此类的情况下，人人都求助于乔治。

他用各种办法让他们的电文使美国人听上去至少有一部分道理。当有些事连乔治也无法“译”成美国式的含义时，他会写道：“这听上去很荒唐，但你们无论如何也应该同意。”

反之亦然。当美方经理们访问日本时，乔治便处处陪着我们，以确保我们不会做出或说出任何在日本人看来十分愚蠢的事或话来。一旦我们做了蠢事，说了蠢话，他马上就来解救：“他们真正的意思是……”多亏乔治有办法在小冲突激化、情绪化、造成巨大损失之前就将其化解，公司从未出现过成堆的麻烦。

自把那家公司交到能干的乔治手中以来，我已经在国际业务方面为许多公司出谋划策。我的第一条建议总是相同的：不要担心语言问题------你首先需要的是一名文化翻译。

UNIT4 TEXT A

维姬---才貌双全、聪明伶俐，在大学里曾被选为“最有可能成功的人士”---毕业后在一家大公司找到一份很有前途的工作。然而，过了两年，她非但没有得到提升，反而被解雇了。她的精神完全崩溃了。“这真叫人害怕，”她后来告诉我说，“我以前样样都那么顺利，因此对遭受拒绝时应如何处理毫无经验。我觉得自己是个失败者。”维姬的反应是某种常见现象的一个极端例子。

我们的社会如此推崇“成功”，以至于我们认为凡失败都是坏事。我们往往认识不到，看似失败的东西也许从长远来看大有裨益。比如，当维姬得以冷静地思考自己被解雇的原因时，她便认识到自己只是不适合做老是跟人打交道的工作而已。在文字编辑这一新的岗位上，她独挡一面，心情愉快，又一次“成功”了。

人们大多受到语言学家S·I·早川所谓的“双值定向”的影响。我们都说要看到一个问题的两个方面，好像每个问题只有两面似的。我们以为每个人不是成功就是失败。而事实上，成功和失败都可能有极多不同的程度。正如早川所指出的，在“我失败了三次”和“我是个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。其实，失败和成功这两个词不能用来合理地描述一个复杂的、活生生的、不断变化的人。它们只能描述某一特定时间某一特定地点的情况。

很显然，没有哪个人能够样样事情都出类拔萃。事实上，某一方面的成功常常会妨碍另一方面的成功。一位著名的政治家曾告诉我说他的事业几乎毁掉了他的婚姻。“我没有时间顾及家人，”他解释说，“我经常外出旅行。即使在家也难得与妻子儿女见面。我有权、有钱、有威望---但作为丈夫和父亲，我却是个失败者。”

某些种类的成功有时候确实有毁灭性。过早成功的危害尤为严重。我记得在我小时候有个女孩，其高超的滑

冰技术表明她是“奥运人材”。当我们其余的人在玩耍、骑车、读书或悠闲地消磨时光时，这个女孩却在滑冰---每天放学后以及整个周末都在滑。她的照片经常出现在报纸上，我们都很羡慕她这种充满刺激的生活。然而，若干年后，她谈起早年那些非凡的成功时却不无酸楚。“除了滑冰，我从来没准备做别的事情。”她说，“我17岁时达到了顶峰----自那以后就一直在走下坡路。”

来之太易的成功也具有破坏性。因一篇匆匆写成的文章而获奖的孩子；凭运气侥幸在第一份工作中即出人头地的成年人，当真正的挑战出现时都可能面临失望。

以牺牲某种经历的整体质量为代价而获得的成功也是有害的。成功的学生有时心里只想着分数而永远享受不到学校生活的乐趣。他们从不扩大兴趣范围，涉足诱人的新领域，因为他们不想拿自己的平均积分点去冒险。

为什么有这么多的人这么害怕失败呢? 完全是因为没有人告诉我们如何失败从而使失败成为一种成长的经验。我们忘记了失败是人生的一部分，忘记了“每个人都有失败的权利。”

大多数家长不是竭力防止失败就是竭力不让孩子们知道他们已经失败。一种办法是降低标准。孩子匆匆打成的桌子，即使是制作粗糙而且摇摇晃晃，做母亲的也称之为“棒极了!”另一种办法就是把过错推给别人。如果约翰数学不及格，那准是老师不公平或者太蠢。

防止失败的种种策略有问题，问题就在于它们使孩子对现实世界的生活毫无准备。年轻人需要认识到没有人能样样都是最好，没有人能一直获胜---即使你没有获胜，你也可能享受到比赛的乐趣。一个孩子没有受到参加生日庆祝会的邀请，没有上光荣榜或进棒球队，心里当然不好受。但是家长却不应该马上送上一份安慰奖或者说“没关系”，因为这实在是有关系的。应该让年轻人去经历失望---然后再帮助他们去战胜它。

失败从来就不是什么令人愉快的事情。它让成年人和孩子同样伤心。然而，一旦你学会了去利用失败，它就能对你的生活起到积极的作用。第一步是要问：“我为什么失败了?”要抵制责怪别人的本能冲动，问问自己做错了什么，如何才能改正。如果别人能够给予帮助，那就不要羞于询问。

在我十几岁的时候，我没能得到我指望得到的那份工作，于是我便打电话给对我进行面试的人询问原因。他告诉我说：“因为你迟到了10分钟。浪费别人时间的雇员我们可要不起。”这番解释让我消除了疑虑(我并非作为一个人而遭到拒绝)，并且使我获益匪浅。从那以后我再也没有为任何事迟到过。

成功鼓励人们重复过去的行为，因而远不及失败这个老师来得好。你可以从一次极糟的晚会中学会如何举办一次成功的晚会，从第一次不当的选房中学到下次选房时要注意些什么。即使一次看似彻底的失败也能激发新的思路，引起方向的改变。

我的一位朋友学了12年的芭蕾，却未能成为一名舞蹈家。一位芭蕾舞大师拒绝了她，说：“你永远也成不了舞蹈家。你没有舞蹈家的身材。”在这类情况下，利用失败的方法就是勇敢地审时度势，问一问：“我还剩下些什么? 我还可以做些什么别的?”我的朋友收起了舞鞋，转而搞起了舞蹈疗法，一个她不仅胜任而且对别人也有帮助的领域。

虽然我们也许会羡慕随着成功而来的自信，但我们大多数人都敬佩面对失败时的勇气。有一种失败可以称作崇高的失败---即胸怀大志，竭尽全力，而在这被证明不够时，仍勇往直前这样一种独特的英雄主义。正如拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生所说的：“一个人的成功是由多次失败组成的，因为他每天都在进行试验、冒险，他跌倒的次数越多，前进的速度也越快……我听说在骑术中---一个人要被摔下马背后才会成为好骑手；那样他才不再因怕坠马而老是提心吊胆，才会任意纵马驰骋。”

UNIT5 TEXT A

1987年，普丽西拉·瓦日奎兹一边为高中毕业作准备，一边急切地等待着华盛顿大学的录取通知书，希望自己成为家中读大学的第一人。当录取通知书送来时，她欣喜若狂。

只有一个问题：华盛顿大学没有为普丽西拉提供助学金。它只为她提供了一笔数目不大的贷款，并要求她的家庭负担其余的费用。“我家挣的钱刚够全家生活，但要花那么多钱供我上学却还不够，”她说。

普丽西拉打电话向经济资助办公室咨询。他们告诉她说，未来的大学生要寻求更多的经济资助，必须与父母分开生活至少两年才符合条件。在这期间，他们的父母不能在家庭税单上称他们为被赡养人。“听到这话，我完全惊呆了，”普丽西拉回忆道，“我意识到我必须抽出一些时间去工作，在经济上不依靠父母，然后重新申请入学。

推迟实现我的梦想令人伤心，但这是唯一的选择。”

不到一个月，普丽西拉就在一家餐馆找到了一份工作，并搬到了西雅图贫民区一套低廉的公寓房去住。她还报名参加了城里的一个职业培训班，学的是秘书专业。那是一种很难适应的生活方式。“我早上6点起床，坐很长时间的公交车去学校，下午2点下课，3点开始工作，晚上11点下班，然后回到家就累垮了。”

普丽西拉不久就发现她在餐馆的那份工作的收入还不够她维持生计。“于是我找到我那幢公寓楼的楼主，问有没有什么清洁工作可以让我做。他因为同情我，便同意让我每月工作30个小时。”

职业培训班按计划要历时6个月。但普丽西拉只用了４个月就读完了。“他们教我各种办公技能和文字处理程序。我还学会了如何在办公室环境里接电话，以及如何撰写得体的商业函件，”她说。培训班帮普丽西拉在一家小公司找到了一份秘书工作。“这是我第一份像样的工作，”她说。“我那时19岁，独立生活，每年挣15000美元。”

普丽西拉重新向华盛顿大学提出入学申请并被录取了。因为她在经济上不依赖于父母已超过了两年，所以她还有资格申请经济资助。自1990年秋季开始，普丽西拉终于成为一名大学生----她白天做全日制秘书，晚上做全日制学生。

要做到工作学习两不误很困难。“我要一直熬夜学习，每天一大早又要去上班。我上课时很难集中思想，上班时也很难受，因为我实在太累了，”她说。不过她第一学期最后还是得了两个A。

普丽西拉决定攻读考古专业，并在1992年夏天获得了检验自己对这一学科兴趣的第一个机会。华盛顿州立大学的野外考古中心正在发起一个夏季研究项目，发掘位于华盛顿州斯内克河边的一个遗址。普丽西拉全力投入这项工作，给项目管理人留下了深刻印象。夏季结束时，有一个教授给她提供了一份工作。“他说，‘我们刚拿到北达科他州一个项目的合同。如果你愿意休学一个学期，我们就聘用你。’”这份工作偏离了普丽西拉要获得学士学位的追求。“但那时我已不再怀疑我最终会完成学业，所以很坦然地抓住了这次机会，”她说。

在北达科他项目结束后，普丽西拉搬到加利福尼亚州与她的一个哥哥同住，这样可以不付房租。“我最后干了三份工作，想尽量多挣些钱，”她回忆说。“我厌烦了既做全职工作又做专职学生的生活。我的目标是要攒够钱，重新回到大学里，做一名全日制学生，只兼职做一些工作。”普丽西拉的哥哥开了一家房屋清洁公司，他同意让她到公司工作。她还决定到一所当地的社区学院读书，那儿的学费要便宜得多。

普丽西拉选修了一些艺术课程(她是一名业余摄影师)，并帮助组织了一次学生艺术作品展，包括她自己的作品。1994年春，她从韦纳奇河谷学院毕业，获得了两年制的文科准学士学位。毕业后，普丽西拉又一次向华盛顿大学提出了入学申请。她被录取并于1994年秋季入学。因为她不必工作那么多小时，所以能够以学为主。“这真是一种奢侈，我几乎都不想毕业了!”普丽西拉笑着说。“不过我还是在1996年1月被授予了文学士学位。”

当普丽西拉回顾自己几年来使自己梦想成真的奋斗历程时，她对其他靠打工挣钱完成学业的人既是鼓励又是提醒。“要平衡工作与学习的关系，你必须了解自己，”她说。“你必须知道哪些自己能承受，哪些不能承受。你需要很多的磨练，而且必须专心致志，持之以恒，即使遇到重重障碍、种种困惑也要如此。但你最需要的是坚定的决心。一旦被击倒，就要重新站起来继续奋斗下去。”

UNIT6 TEXT A

迈克尔·怀特约翰·格里宾

他被称为“活着的最有才华的人”，“20世纪后期最伟大的天才”，以及“爱因斯坦的传人”。因《时间简史》一书而闻名遐迩为众人所知的斯蒂芬·霍金是一个多重意义上的明星科学家。霍金擅长于用一种非科学工作者乐于接受的文体揭示宇宙的奥秘，这种天赋使他声誉鹊起，也使他的书在英国和美国都成了畅销书。该书因在《星期日泰晤士报》十大畅销书名单上持续了184周，并在全世界销售了500多万册而在《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》上赢得了一席之地──对一本科学书籍来说，这简直是前所未闻的成功。

这一切是如何发生的呢？一个几乎全身瘫痪通过电脑说话的人只能是如何克服这些令人难以置信的障碍，获得了远远超过大多数人所梦想过的成就的呢？

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金出生时是一个健康的婴儿，父母都是知识分子，但脾气古怪。他的父亲弗兰克是一个专治热带疾病的医生，母亲伊泽贝尔是一个医生的女儿。他们居住在一幢堆满书籍的大而旧的房子里。地毯和家具一直要用到破烂不堪才更换，墙纸因年长月久而脱落。家里的汽车是一辆花50英磅买来的伦敦出租车。

霍金一直对他的生日：1942年1月8日迷恋不已。那是意大利数学家和天文学家伽利略逝世300周年的纪念日。伽利略坚信太阳系的中心是太阳，而非古代天文学家所认为的地球，从而使天文学发生了革命性的变革。

“无论从比喻意义还是从字面意义上讲，”霍金说，“伽利略都是第一个开始利用其眼睛的科学家。从某种意义上说，我们现在享有的科学时代应归功于他。”

霍金进了圣·奥尔本斯学校读书，这是一所以学业标准高而著名的私立学校。他属于一个小小的精英集团，即聪明学生中最聪明的一群。他们聚在一起，听古典音乐，读书只读“聪明睿智”的作家，如奥尔德斯·赫胥黎和伯特兰·罗素的作品。罗素是霍金崇拜的英雄，他既是一位知识的巨人，又是一位自由主义激进分子。

霍金在数学作业上花的时间很少，却仍然得满分。一个朋友回忆道：“我在绞尽脑汁做一道复杂的题目时，他已经知道答案了。他连想都不用想。”

这种本能的悟性也给他的老师们留下了深刻的印象。例如，霍金的一位理科老师回忆起有一次他提出这样一个问题：“在哪种情况下一杯热茶会更快地达到可以喝的温度，是先倒入牛奶呢还是斟完茶后再加牛奶？”当班上其他同学甚至还在苦思冥想如何着手回答这个问题时，霍金几乎立即就大声讲出了正确答案：“当然是斟完茶后再加牛奶。”（一开始茶越热，冷得就越快。）另一位老师讲述了霍金和他的朋友们如何建造了一台简单的电脑──那是在1958年，当时只有一些大的研究中心才有电脑。

中、小学时代的霍金是个典型的书呆子，他体重不足，笨手笨脚，眼镜后的一双眼睛老是眯缝着。他的灰色制服看上去总是邋里邋遢，而他说起话来则口齿不清──他轻微的咬舌儿是他父亲遗传给他的。这和他疾病的早期症状无关；他就是那种孩子──教室里的笑柄，朋友们尊敬他，大多数人则避开他。

霍金进了牛津大学继续学习，他获得了在大学学院攻读自然科学的奖学金，这是一门融数学、物理和天文学于一体的课程。他发现大多数功课都很简单，平均每天只学习一个小时。有一次，他的老师根据一本教科书布置了几道物理题，霍金甚至连做也不做。当问他为什么不做时，他用了20分钟时间指出书中的错误。他最热衷的是划船俱乐部的活动。许多次他回到岸边，船被撞落下几块碎片，原来他曾试图带领他的船员穿越一个窄得难以穿过的峡口。他的划船教练疑或地说道，“他有一半时间，人坐在船尾而脑子却到了星球上，演算着数学公式。”

牛津大学一向也有它的一批怪学生，所以霍金与之非常适应。但后来，在他21岁时，他获知患了肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化，一种进行性的无法治愈的神经疾病。医生们预计他只有几年能活。

“在我的病情被诊断之前，我十分厌倦生活，”霍金今天在轮椅上通过一个电脑控制的声音合成器说。医生无情的病情预测使他决心要从他过去视为当然的生活中获取最多的东西。

“但我并没有死，”霍金冷冷地说道。相反，随着霍金的健康每况愈下，他在科学界的声誉却与日俱增，仿佛是在证明精神可以战胜物质这一理论。霍金自己承认，他之所以会将注意力集中于日后被证明为其真正强项的理论研究之上，他的疾病是一个关键因素。霍金专门研究理论宇宙学，一个寻找重大问题的终极答案的科学分支：宇宙为什么产生，主宰它的规律是什么？他的主要工作一直是在研究黑洞和宇宙的起源与扩张。他目前在剑桥大学拥有的教席过去曾经属于伊萨克·牛顿爵士。

这位世界上最聪明的人并非没有那种会伴随着严重残疾而出现的抑郁消沉。但霍金说：“我很快便意识到，如果你牢骚满腹或忿恨不已，世界上其余的人就不会想结识你。如果你要得到很多人的同情或帮助，你就必须乐观。”他继续说道：“如今，肌肉的力量已经过时。我们需要的是头脑的力量──而在这方面，残疾人丝毫不比其他任何人逊色。”

高英课后翻译

高英课后翻译 黎神华 1、but, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, john was reluctant不情愿to abandon his home unless the family—his wife, Janis, and their seven children, aged 3 to 11—was clearly endangered. 但，就像成千上万的沿海的群体一样，约翰不愿舍弃他的家园，除非他的家人—他的妻子珍妮丝和他们那三到十一岁的七个孩子—明显的有危险。 2、The French doors in an upstairs room blew in吹入with an explosive爆炸的sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated碎裂. 楼上一间房的一对法式门砰地一声被风吹开了。他们还听到楼上的窗像枪响一样的碎裂。 3、Frightened害怕的, breathless无法呼吸的and wet, the group settled定居on the stairs, which were protected by two interior 内部的walls墙. 他们跑到靠两堵内墙保护着的楼梯上歇下来。个个吓得要命，气喘吁吁，浑身湿透。 4、Everyone knew there was no escape逃跑; they would live or die in the house. 谁都明白现在已是无路可逃；是死是活都只能呆在房子里。 5、A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty强大的swipe猛击, lifted举起the entire roof 屋顶off the house and skimmed掠过it 40 feet through the air. 不一会儿，飓风以一阵强风横扫，将整个屋顶卷入空中，抛向40英尺以外。 6、in its concentrated集中的breadth宽度of some 70 miles, it shot out winds of nearly 200 mph and raised 升起tides潮as high as 30 feet. 在飓风中心纵横约70英里的范围内，其风速接近每小时200英里，掀起的浪头高达30英尺。 7、Strips剥夺of clothing festooned花彩the standing trees, and blown吹down power lines 线coiled盘绕的like black spaghetti意大利面over the roads. 尚未被风刮倒的树上结彩似地挂满被撕成布条的衣服，被吹断的电线像黑色的实心面一样盘成一圈圈地散在路面上。 8、It could have been本应该depressing压抑的, but it wasn't: each salvaged打捞、抢救item 项目represented表现、代表a little victory胜利over the wrath愤怒of the storm. 本应该沮丧，但并没有：每一次物品的抢救都代表着对那狂怒风暴的胜利。 1、And secondly, because I had a lump肿块in my throat喉咙and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon日本railways official might say. 其次，因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。 2、The very act of stepping on this soil土地, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure冒险than any trip or any reportorial报告的assignment任务I'd previously以前taken. Was I not at the scene场面of the crime犯罪? 踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说比以往任何一次旅行或采访活动都具有挑战性。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗? 3、The tall高的buildings of the martyred牺牲city flashed by一闪而过as we lurched倾斜 from side to side in response反应to the driver's sharp急剧的twists扭曲of the wheel轮. 我们的身子随着司机手中方向盘的一次次急转而左右摇晃。与此同时，这座曾惨遭劫难的城市的高楼大厦从我们身边快速飞掠。 4、Quite很unexpectedly意外的, the strange emotion情感which had overwhelmed淹没me

高英课本课后翻译答案

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我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.

大学英语 课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回（because of；recall） 1. More than 3000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem. 2.他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。（despite） 2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 3.要确保同样得错误今后不再发生了。（see it that） 3. See to it that the same mistake won't happen again. 4.现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that） 4. Now that they've got to know more about each other，they get along better. 5.此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。（find oneself） 5. Then Ifound myself surrounded by five or six boys. 6.在这幸福的时刻，我向你致以最美好的祝愿。（on occasion） 6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. Unit3 1)很多事情导致了我与那家公司断绝关系。(contribute to) A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.面对严峻的疾病，她表现出了巨大的勇气。（in the face of） She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。（come to） We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4他的秘书没有告诉他那次会议的情况。（fail to）

高英第二册123467课paraphrase和课后翻译

一，21-27 1.We' re 23 feet above sea level. 2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. 柯夏克家的屋顶一被掀走，约翰就高喊道：“快上楼一一到卧室里去!数数孩子。”在倾盆大雨中，大人们围成一圈，让孩子们紧紧地挤在中间。柯夏克老奶奶哀声切切地说道：“孩子们，咱们大家来唱支歌吧!”孩子们都吓呆了，根本没一点反应。老奶奶独个儿唱了几句，然后她的声音就完全消失了。 客厅的壁炉和烟囱崩塌了下来。弄得瓦砾横飞。眼看他们栖身的那间卧室电有两面墙壁行将崩塌，约翰立即命令大伙：“进电视室去!”这是离开风头最远的一个房间。 约翰用手将妻子搂了一下。詹妮丝心里明白了他的意思。由于风雨和恐惧，她不住地发抖。她一面拉过两个孩子紧贴在自己身边，一面默祷着：亲爱的上帝啊，赐给我力量，让我经受住必须经受的一切吧。她心里怨恨这场飓风。我们一定不会让它得胜。 柯夏克老爹心中窝着一团火，深为自己在飓风面前无能为力而感到懊丧。也说不清为什么，他跑到一问卧室里去将一只杉木箱和一个双人床垫拖进了电视室。就在这里，一面墙壁被风刮倒了，提灯也被吹灭。另外又有一面墙壁在移动，在摇晃。查理.希尔试图以身子撑住它，但结果墙还是朝他这边塌了下来，把他的背部也给砸伤了。房子在颤动摇晃，已从地基上挪开了25英尺。整个世界似乎都要分崩离析了。 “我们来把床垫竖起来!”约翰对父亲大声叫道。“把它斜靠着挡挡风。让孩子们躲到垫子下面去，我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子支撑起来。 大一点的孩子趴在地板上，小一点的一层层地压在大的身上，大人们都弯下身子罩住他们。地板倾斜了。装着那一窝四只小猫的盒子从架上滑下来，一下子就在风中消失了。斯普琪被从一个嵌板书柜顶上刮走而不见踪影了。那只狗紧闭着双眼，缩成一团。又一面墙壁倒塌了。水拍打着倾斜的地板。约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门，对他父亲大声叫道：“假若地板塌了，咱们就把孩子放到这块门板上面。”

大学英语精读第三版第二册中英文课文翻译

1.The dinner party I first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't. "A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts." The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table. His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. "I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?" The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut. "You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control." "Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?" A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot." UNIT 2-1 一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。 晚宴 我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。 席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。 “女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。” 那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。 在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。